A&P Chapter 8

A loss of proteoglycans could lead to pain in the spine by A. Leading to deterioration in intervertebral discs B. Causing fractures in compact bone tissue of the spine C. Reducing ossification and causing osteoporosis D. Increasing the likelihood of a fall, which could cause injuries

A. Leading to deterioration in intervertebral discs

Which pair of articulating elements correctly describes the humeroradial joint? A. capitulum - radial head B. distal radius - head of ulna C. trochlea - trochlear notch D. humeral head - glenoid cavity

A. capitulum - radial head

At which joint do pronation and supination occur? A. proximal radio-ulnar joint B. first carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints C. ankle joint D. glenohumeral joint

A. proximal radio-ulnar joint

Which appendicular joint firmly attaches the axial skeleton to the pelvic girdle? A. sacro-iliac joint B. sacrococcygeal joint C. sternoclavicular joint D. lumbosacral joint

A. sacro-iliac joint

Functionally, all of the following are synarthroses EXCEPT __________. A. syndesmosis B. gomphosis C. synostosis D. synchondrosis

A. syndesmosis

The articular cartilage damaged by osteoarthritis is characterized by __________. A. replacement with fibrocartilage B. a rough network of bristly collagen fibers C. a homogenous matrix D. thick cartilage

B. a rough network of bristly collagen fibers

All of the following are joints of the axial skeleton EXCEPT the __________. A. atlanto-occipital joint B. hip joint C. intercoccygeal joints D. joints of the thoracic cage

B. hip joint

The first carpometacarpal joints are examples of which type of synovial joints? A. gliding joint B. saddle joint C. pivot joint D. ellipsoid joint

B. saddle joint

Which of the following represents a gliding joint? A. radiocarpal joints B. sternoclavicular joints C. interphalangeal joints D. proximal radio-ulnar joints

B. sternoclavicular joints

The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is functionally and structurally classified as which of the following? A. amphiarthrotic syndesmosis B. synarthrotic gomphosis C. diarthrotic synovial D. amphiarthrotic gomphosis

B. synarthrotic gomphosis

As the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle runs through the shoulder joint and passes through the articular capsule, it is surrounded by which structure? A. extracapsular ligament B. tubular bursa C. fat pad D. meniscus

B. tubular bursa

Given the information above, Helen most likely has A. Arthroplasty B. Osteoporosis C. Osteoarthritis D. Osteopenia

C. Osteoarthritis

Choose the incorrect statement regarding synovial joints. A. Luxation results when reinforcing structures cannot protect a joint from extreme stresses. B. The greater the range of motion, the weaker the joint. C. The area inside a joint has a significant number of pain receptors. D. There are nerves present, which monitor the capsule, ligaments, and tendons.

C. The area inside a joint has a significant number of pain receptors.

Which type of synovial joint is the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint? A. condylar joint B. hinge joint C. ball-and-socket joint D. pivot joint

C. ball-and-socket joint

Synovial joints are classified functionally as: A. synostoses. B. synarthroses. C. diarthroses. D. amphiarthroses.

C. diarthroses.

Elevation of the medial edge of the sole of the foot describes which of the following? A. depression B. retraction C. inversion D. eversion

C. inversion

Abduction is a __________. A. movement in the same plane as flexion B. movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane C. movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane D. movement of the axial skeleton

C. movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

The weakening of which primary vertebral ligament may result in the condition called a bulging disc? A. interspinous ligament B. supraspinous ligament C. posterior longitudinal ligament D. anterior longitudinal ligament

C. posterior longitudinal ligament

The ulnar collateral ligament __________. A. attaches to the radius at the radial tuberosity B. binds the head of the radius to the ulna C. stabilizes the medial surface of the elbow joint D. stabilizes the lateral surface of the elbow joint

C. stabilizes the medial surface of the elbow joint

Which part of the vertebral column do you think would be most directly impacted by a reduction in proteoglycans? A. Vertebral body B. Articular processes of vertebrae C. Spinal nerve D. Anulus fibrosus

D. Anulus fibrosus

Which of the following is a function of the meniscus? A. It provides mechanical support for the joint. B. It supports the chondrocytes of the articular cartilages. C. It acts as packing material for the joint. D. It channels the flow of synovial fluid.

D. It channels the flow of synovial fluid.

What is the function of the annulus fibrosus? A. It connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. B. It connects the anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. C. It gives the intervertebral disc resiliency and enables it to absorb shocks. D. Its collagen fibers attach the intervertebral disc to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

D. Its collagen fibers attach the intervertebral disc to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating elements past the anatomical position is called __________. A. dorsiflexion B. extension C. flexion D. hyperextension

D. hyperextension

Bending the vertebral column from side to side is an example of __________. A. extension B. dorsiflexion C. plantar flexion D. lateral flexion

D. lateral flexion

Which bone-associated structure is continuous with the capsule of the joint, adding strength and helping to stabilize the joint? A. extracapsular ligament B. articular cartilage C. meniscus D. periosteum

D. periosteum

Which special movement of the clavicles occurs when one crosses one's arms? A. elevation B. retraction C. depression D. protraction

D. protraction

Structurally, the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula is an example of which of the following? A. symphysis B. synostosis C. synchondrosis D. syndesmosis

D. syndesmosis