A&P Chapter 8 Nervous System Review

The part of the PNS that brings information to the CNS is the _________.

Afferent division

The _________ acts as a switching and relay center for integration of conscious and unconscious sensory information and motor commands.

Diencephalon

What do you call the specialized membranes that protect the spinal cord?

Spinal meninges

What does the all or none principle state?

The strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus. If a stimulus is above a certain threshold, a nerve or muscle fiber will fire.

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, what results?

There would be no senses brought to the spinal cord.

The ________ establishes emotional states.

Limbic system

The entire spinal cord is divided into __________ segments

31

There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves

31

___________ refers to the loss of memory from disease or trauma.

Amnesia

The _______________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

Autonomic

The part of the CNS that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activites on the basis of sensory information and stored memories of previous moments is the __________.

Cerebellum

The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the _______.

Cerebrum

Where do enlargements of the spinal cord occur?

In those spinal segments that control the limbs.

Stimulation of the reticular formation results in

Increased activity of the cerebral cortex, resulting in a more attentive and awake state

Another name for the patellar reflex is the

Knee jerk reflex

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the _________________.

Longitudinal fissure

If the Broca's area is damaged what might result?

Losing the ability to speak

Major centers concerned with autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration is the ________.

Medulla Oblongota

Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?

Medulla Oblongota

Neurons that have 2 or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the soma are called ______________.

Multipolar

The visual cortex is located in the __________.

Occipital lobe

The only cranial nerve that is attached to the cerebrum is the __________.

Olfactory nerve

Which part of the brain performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions?

Prefrontal cortex

What is the most sensitive body region?

The face

Damage to the ___________ nerve, which is vital for autonomic control of visceral function, could result in death

Vagus

In adults the spinal cord usually extends to which level?

Vertebral levels L1-L2.

Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains what?

Why they cannot divide through mitosis.

Pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of the ________ reflex.

Withdrawal reflex

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite, with the soma in between, are called

Bipolar

In general the nervous system is fast acting. It is divided into the CNS and PNS. What is each of these divisions comprised of?

CNS- Brain and spinal cord PNS- All of the neural tissue outside the CNS

The primary connection between cerebral hemispheres is the __________.

Corpus callosum

The branching structure that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called ________.

Dendrites

The ____________ is the layer of meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain.

Pia matter

Which structure secretes melatonin

Pineal gland

Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Pituitary gland

Head injuries that damage cerebral blood vessels are serious conditions because

These spaces compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain.

The cranial nerve that has 3 branches is the ______.

Trigeminal nerve