A&P Exam 1 (2011)

A. high hematocrit B. increased blood volume C. high blood pressure D. high serum EPO E. low blood viscosity***

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________.

A.pressure in the heart is at its peak B. blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles C. the atria remain in diastole D. the ventricles are in systole E. it is represented by the P wave on the ECG***

During the period of ventricular filling ________.

A. a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output*** B. a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output C. no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate D. no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration E. a lowering of heart rate but no change in cardiac output

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.

A. it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation B. tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action*** C.contractions would last as long as the refractory period D. it would be less than 1-2 ms E. the atria would contract after the ventricles

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells ________.

A. and osmotic pressure are the same B. is the same as capillary blood pressure*** C. is greater in the venular end than the arterial end D. generally forces fluid from the interstitial space into the capillaries E. is completely canceled out by osmotic pressure

In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________.

A. excitation of the SA node B. contraction of the ventricles C. friction of blood against the chamber walls D. opening of the heart valves E. closure of the heart valves***

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A. decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel B. increases as blood vessel diameter increases C. increases as blood viscosity increases*** D. is greatest in the venules E. is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals

Peripheral resistance ________.

A. A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. B. Cardiac output is heart rate multiplied by systolic pressure. C. Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume. D. If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased. E. Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases.***

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

A. Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life.*** B. The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver. C. Before the seventh month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation. D. Yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation. E. Red marrow is found only in long bones.

Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation.

A. ventricular repolarization B. ventricular depolarization C. atrial repolarization D. atrial depolarization*** E. atrial hyperpolarization

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

A. systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure B. systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure*** C. systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure D. diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure) E. twice diastolic pressure plus systolic pressure divided by 3

The pulse pressure is ________.

A. isovolumetric relaxation*** B. atrial systole C. isovolumetric contraction D. ventricular ejection E. ventricular filling

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A. hemoglobin A B. hemoglobin B C. hemoglobin F*** D. hemoglobin S E. hemoglobin D

The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is ________.

A. kidney*** B. brain C. liver D. pancreas E. spleen

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

A. Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells. B. The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.*** C. They distribute blood to various parts of the body. D. They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue. E. They constitute the greatest number of blood vessels.

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

A. megakaryocyte B. NK cell C. pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast)*** D. polymorphonuclear cell E. myeloid stem cell

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

A. ADH B. atrial natriuretic peptide C. angiotensin II D. nitric acid*** E. endothelin I

Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?

A. skin color*** B. exercise C. age D. gender E. body temperature

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?

A. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) B. Platelet Factor 3 (PF3)*** C. Thrombin D. Fibrin E. Thromboplastin (prothrombin activator)

Which of the following is a molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the latter stages of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting?

A. Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs. B. blood pressure will lower. C. The skin will be cold and clammy. D. Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood. *** E. Blood flow to the kidneys increases.

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

A. cardiac output B. peripheral resistance C. emotional state D. blood volume E. blood viscosity

Which of the following is not a factor influencing blood pressure?

A. vascular spasm B. platelet aggregation C. fibrinolysis*** D. platelet plug formation E. coagulation

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?

A. delivery of oxygen to body cells B. transport of metabolic wastes from cells C. prevention of blood loss D. maintenance of body temperature E. maintenance of pH in the interstitial fluid***

Which of the following is not a regulatory function of blood?

A. AV node B. bundle of His C. Purkinje fibers D. AV valve*** E. SA node

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

A. neural controls B. baroreceptor-initiated reflexes C. chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes D. renal regulation*** E. intrinsic reflexes

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?