A&P Final - Chap 1-4

Which of the following is the weakest acid? 2.3 4.7 6.5 7.2

6.5

A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the

Heart

The mediastinum contains:

Heart Esophagus Trachea Aorta

There are crucial catalysts required for normal cellular function in the body. These are usually __________________.

Proteins

If you were to be able to change the number of ______________ in an atom of an element, you would change its identity. If you can make gold (Au) from lead (Pb), call me.

Protons

If someone taps on your acromium, they have touched your:

Shoulder

Levant is consulting a cardiovascular surgeon. The surgeon's speciality is a type of _____________ anatomy

Systemic

The complementary strand of DNA to one with nitrogenous base pairs AAGCGT would be:

TTCGCA

You want to lose weight, and so are trying to include more fruits and vegetables in your diet, and less white bread and pasta. You were very disappointed to learn that, although a baked potato is a vegetable, it is very starchy, meaning that it is high in __________________.

carbohydrates

You are a gynecologic surgeon, and are removing a cyst form the ovary from your patient. Before you make your incision, you visualize the structures you will be contacting to reach the target. You are thinking about_________________anatomy.

regional

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?

respiratory

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

sagittal

The most important aspect of a protein molecule with regards to function is its _________________.

shape

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

skeletal

There are three types of carbohydrates. The type that is digestible and plant based is _______________. This food group includes potatoes and corn.

starch

Which of the following bases is found only in RNA? guanine cytosine uracil thymine

uracil

The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.

urinary

Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it

has a full outer electron shell.

The study of tissues is referred to as:

histology

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed

homeostasis

An organic compound always contains carbon and ______________.

hydrogen

The chin is ________ to the nose.

inferior

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system

integumentary

the system that manufactures vitamin D:

integumentary system

The bond between an anion and a cation is referred to as a/an ___________________ bond.

ionic

The popliteal region is behind the:

knee

Anything that occupies space and has mass is referred to as __________

matter (write in)

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

medial

John is examining cells from a tracheal aspiration in order to determine if his patient has an infection. He is using the study of _________________ anatomy to make this diagnosis.

microscopic

Which atom is the most chemically stable?

neon, with an atomic number of 10

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of

neutrons in the nucleus.

The bond formed when two atoms that share at least one electron equally is known as a/an _________________bond.

nonpolar covalent

Radioisotopes have unstable

nuclei

Your genetic information is passed on from parents to offspring through a code found in your DNA, which is the organic compound class of _________________.

nucleic acid

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

The wall of the abdominal cavity is lined with:

parietal peritoneum

Rebecca has been having shortness of breath. She will be consulting a respiratory specialist for functional tests. This doctor is working in the field of respiratory _______________.

physiology

In a water molecule, the oxygen ion is bigger than the hydrogen ions, exerting a greater pull. This bond is a/an ________________ bond.

polar covalent

If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

positive

The functional group "NH2" will identify an organic compound as a ___________________.

protein

The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has.

protons

How many electrons fill each ring to make it complete?

2 for the first, 4 for the rest as the rings get bigger?

The body cavity containing the liver is the:

Peritoneal cavity

This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.

Positive

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of __________, an organic compound class

Proteins

If a sodium ion has a charge of +1 and an atomic number of 11, how many electrons does it have?

10

We store carbohydrates in our muscles in the form of ___________________.

glycerin

If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is

18

Oxygen (atomic number 8) requires how many additional electrons to fill its outer electron shell?

2

A negative feedback mechanism would be:

Acid base (pH) balance

Your asthma has been acting up again, so the doctor wants to look at your arterial blood gases. Your CO2 level is a little high and your oxygen saturation is a bit low. Your blood pH is 7.33. This situation is:

Acidic

While standing in the anatomical position,

All answers are correct: front refers to anterior. front refers to ventral. back refers to posterior. back refers to dorsal.

Which of the following terms would NOT mean "to break down"?

Anabolic

A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the

Anatomical position

Which of the following is organic?

CO2 H2CO3 (correct) NH3 H20

Glucose, a monosaccharide, is the basic building block of ____________.

Carbohydrates

Atoms of at least two different elements joined together are BEST referred to as a/an ___________________.

Compound

The _________________ orbit around the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons

The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.

Endocrine

The body system that is the slow messenger system and uses hormones is the:

Endocrine system

Your body relies on the molecule ATP to store:

Energy

One of the important roles of proteins in the body is to function as a/an ___________________, when it acts as a catalyst to speed up biochemical reactions.

Enzyme

In premature births, one of the dangers that must be overcome is the difficulty in inflating the baby's lungs, because surfactant has not yet reached an adequate level. In order to breathe, the infant must expand its lungs, breaking down the ______________ bonds between fluid molecules that are trying to keep the lungs from expanding.

Hydrogen

Surface tension occurs when water molecules form a weak bond with each other, allowing a small bug to walk across the surface of a puddle. These bonds are referred to as __________________bonds.

Hydrogen

Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?

Hydrogen

Which organ system includes the spleen and the thymus?

Lymphatic

The body system responsible for defenses through the immune system is the:

Lymphatic system

Your nose is _________________ and __________________ to your eyes.

Medial/inferior

All the chemical reactions in your body is referred to as your _____________________.

Metabolism (write in)

A vitamin is an organic micronutrient, while a _____________________ is an inorganic micronutrient.

Mineral (write in)

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of

Negative feedback

The rapid messenger system, using electric currents, is the:

Nervous system

The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is

Transverse at the hips

The liver is covered by:

Visceral peritoneum

The lungs are each enclosed in a sac of:

Visceral pleura

Which of the following is not macronutrient?

Vitamin

A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that

all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

Katherine dissolves table salt into a glass of water, and watches as it disappears. She remembers from the science class that sodium has an atomic number of 11, and chlorine of 7. She knows that in a solution, chloride will be a/an _______________.

anion

The tarsus is the proper term for the:

ankle

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:

anterior

A flea in your axilla would be in your:

armpit

"Altitude sickness" refers to a syndrome which may occur due to extreme changes in:

atmospheric pressure

The smallest stable units of matter are

atoms

Which of the following parts contains the humerus?

brachium

Since food mixed with hydrochloric acid from the stomach would burn the small intestine, the small intestine must secrete bicarbonate to neutralize the acid. This bicarbonate is acting as a/an _________________.

buffer

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction, without undergoing any permanent change itself, is called a ________________.

catalyst

Sodium has an atomic number of 11. It gives away an electron in the valence shell. It is now referred to as a sodium _______________.

cation

An ion that has a positive charge is a/an ___________.

cation (write in)

In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________.

cation, anion

The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called

cytology

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.

digestive system

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

distal

Your ankle is _________________to your knee.

distal

The acromium is to your shoulder as your olecranon is to your: (one word answer)

elbow (write in)

You are a histologist. Which best describes what you are doing?

examining a slice from a biopsy of a tumor

In the correct anatomic position, the palms face

forward

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.

structure, function

Cardiovascular function is an example of

systemic physiology.

the mass number consists of

the number of protons and neutrons added together

One of the most common forms of lipids in our diet and in the body is ____________________, which provide the body's most efficient form of storing energy.

triglycerides