A&P I: Chapter 9 & 10 Exam

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Synergist

a group of muscles that work together to cause a movement

Isometric contraction

a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant

Isotonic contraction

a muscle produces constant tension during contraction

Eccentric contraction

a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing

Antagonist

a muscle working in opposition to agonist

Tetanus

action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs

Tendon

attaches muscle to bone

Myofilaments

contains actin and myosin

Pectoralis minor

depresses scapula and elevates ribs

Contracting the trapezius muscle would

extend and laterally flex the neck.

Triceps brachii

extends forearm at elbow/insertion of ulna

Teres major and teres minor aren't involved in

flexion and abduction of the arm

The muscles of the anterior group of forearm muscles are primarily

flexors

Tropinin

has a calcium-binding site

Rectus abdominis

has its origin at the pubic crest and symphysis pubis

Shivering

helps raise body temperature

Transversus abdominis

inserts on the diploid process and the line alba

Muscle tone

is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time

Muscle atrophy

is characterized by a decrease in muscle size

Complete tetanus

is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations

Incomplete tetanus

is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions

Belly

largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion

The arm is attached to the thorax by the

latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

Pelvic diaphragm is formed by the

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

The length of the resting sarcomere is

longer than the length of a contracted sarcomere.

Agonist

muscle that, when it contracts, causes an action

Action potentials

occurs when the local potentials reaches threshold levels

Quadratus lumborum

originates on the iliac crest and lower lumbar vertebrae

Flexion of the hip is a movement produced by the

psoas major and iliacus

Body temperature

results from the heat produced when muscles contract.

Contracting the right sternocleidomastoid muscle would

rotate the head towards the left

Serratus anterior

rotates and protracts scapula, and elevates the ribs

Infraspinatus

rotates arm laterally

Fixators

stabilize the origin of the prime mover

Cross-bridge

the combination myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules

Power stroke

the movement of a myosin head while attached to actin myofilament

Concentric contractions

the muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens

Insertion

the muscle that does most of the movement

Prime movers

the muscle that does most of the movement

Origin

the stationary end of the muscle

Class I Levers

1.) Fulcrum between force and weight 2.) Seesaw 3.) Head movement at the atlantoccipital joint

Class III Levers

1.) Pull located between fulcrum and weight 2.) Person using a shovel 3.) Most common: biceps brachia with below as fulcrum

Class II Levers

1.) Weight is between fulcrum and pull 2.) Wheelbarrow 3.) Standing on toes; metatarsophalangeal joint

Aponeurosis

A broad, flat tendon

Tropomyosin

A protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix


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