A&P II chp 18 The Cardiovascular System: Blood
List, in order, the synthesis of erythrocytes
1: Stem cell 2: Erythroblast 3: Reticulocyte 4: Erythrocyte
The pH of blood is
7.35-7.45
If you are A-, you would have which antigens (choose all that apply)
A
If you are B+, you would have which antibodies (choose all that apply)
anti-A
Which of the following leukocytes promote inflammation
basophil
Which of the following describes serum
blood plasma that does not contain clotting factors
The components of blood include the following
erythrocytes plasma leukocytes thrombocytes
Hemophilia is characterized by ___
inadequate production of clotting factors
The difference between extrinsic and intrinsic clotting is
intrinsic is within the vessels and extrinsic is outside the vessels (in the tissues)
Which of the following statements about albumin is true (choose all that apply)
it draws water out of the blood vessels and into the body's tissue it is the most abundant plasma protein
Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true
it facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage it is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland
When a monocyte leaves the bloodstream it is called a ___
macrophage
Thrombocytes are more accurately called ___
platelets
The erythrocyte is shaped like a biconcave disc
true
If you are AB+, you would have which antigens (choose all that apply)
A B Rh
If your sample agglutinates in the anti-A and anti-D (Rh) well, what is your blood type
A+
If you are A+, which blood types can you receive
A+, O+, A-, O-
Which of the following describes a neutrophil
abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria
The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ___
agglutination
T and B lymphocytes ___
are involved with specific immune function
A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced where she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte
basophils
Which of the following statements about blood is true
blood is slightly more viscous than water
The types of anemia include which of the following (choose all that apply)
blood loss faulty or decreased erythrocyte production excessive destruction of erythrocytes
The blood contains numerous ___ that actually help to regulate pH
buffers
Explain fibrinolysis
gradual degradation (break down) of a clot with plasmin
Both extrinsic and intrinsic end with the common pathway
true
In the absence of injury, clots do not form because the clotting factors are inactive
true
The first step in hemostasis is ___
vascular spasm
A hematocrit measures
volume percentage of erythrocytes in centrifuged blood
You are type AB+, what blood types can your receive
A-, A+, B-, B+, O-, O+, AB-, AB+
Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells
B cells natural killer cells platelets
The main function of erythrocytes is
carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
The common pathway
produces fibrin strands to seal of vessel
Match the list of plasma proteins with their description
Albumin: Most abundant plasma protein which serve as binding proteins (transport vehicles for fatty acids and steroid hormones) Globulin: Second most common plasma protein that transports iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins, contribute to osmotic pressure, as well as some being immunoglobulins (antibodies) Fibrinogen: Least abundant plasma protein and is essential for blood clotting
Match the molecules from the breakdown of old erythrocytes with what it becomes in the body
Iron: stored in liver or spleen as ferritin or hemosiderin to be recycled into new erythrocytes Globin - protein portion of heme: broken down into amino acids to be sent back to the bone marrow to synthesize more erythrocytes Non-iron portion of heme: degraded into biliverdin, a green pigment, and bilirubin, a yellow pigment. Bilirubin is made into bile; broken from bile and is converted to urobilinogen and then stercobilin then eliminated in feces.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which ___
an Rh- mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus
A young woman has been experiencing unusually heavy menstrual bleeding for several years. She follows a strict vegan diet (no animal foods). She is at risk for what disorder and why
anemia, she is not getting enough iron in her diet
If you are O-, you would have which antibodies (choose all that apply)
anti-A anti-B anti-Rh
If you are AB-, you would have which antibodies (choose all that apply)
anti-Rh if second exposure
Describe the shape of erythrocytes
anucleated, biconcave disk
When hemoglobin is carrying carbon dioxide it is called
carbaminohemoglobin
The function of hemoglobin includes (choose all of the following)
carries oxygen carries carbon dioxide
Explain hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
caused by a pregnancy of an Rh- mother with a fetus that is Rh+ in a second pregnancy causing the mother's antibodies to attack the fetus's blood
Prothrombin is converted to thrombin during the ___
common pathway
A molecule of hemoglobin ___
consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme
List the molecules found in plasma (choose all that apply)
hormones water proteins
The main function of leukocytes is
immune protection
Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver
immunoglobin
People with ABO blood type ____
lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes
Aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by ___
macrophages
Which of the following are found in the buffy coat (choose all that apply)
platelets leukocytes
Elevated erythrocyte count (hematocrit) is called
polycythemia
During the first few days in circulation, an erythrocyte is still immature and is called a ___
reticulocyte
Which of the anemias are caused by faulty or decreased erythrocyte production (choose all that apply)
sickle cell disease iron deficiency vitamin deficiency
Hemostasis refers to
stoppage of blood flow following damage to a vessel
Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true
they have no nucleus
Disorders causing lack of clotting include which of the following (choose all that apply)
thrombocytopenia hemophilia
Stem cells found in a fetus are called ____ and can become any cell in the body
totipotent
You are type O-, what blood types can your receive
O-
The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of ___
copper, zinc, and vitamin B12
The function of blood includes (choose all that apply)
deliver oxygen and nutrients control temperature remove wastes protection
The process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall is called ___
emigration
Platelets are small cells used for blood clotting
false
The buffy coat is the portion of a blood sample that is made up of its proteins
false
Hemoglobin is
made up of four folded chains called globins. Each globin is bound to a red pigment called heme which attaches to iron
Name the cell that later becomes thrombocytes (platelets)
megakaryocyte
Thrombocytes (platelets) come from a large cell called a ___
megakaryocytes
Which of the following leukocytes becomes a macrophage when it leaves the bloodstream
monocyte
Which type of stem cells creates all the blood cells except lymphocytes and Natural Killer cell
myeloid stem cell
Which of the following leukocytes are phagocytic (especially against bacteria) and release cytotoxic chemicals
neutrophil
Which of the following are granulocytes (choose all that apply)
neutrophil eosinophil basophil
If you are O-, you would have which antigens (choose all that apply)
no antigens
A patient has been suffering for 2 months with a chronic, watery diarrhea. A blood test is likely to reveal ___
polycythemia
Interleukins are associated primarily with which of the following
production of various lymphocytes immune responses inflammation
What does dehydration do to the blood
raises hematocrit raises viscosity polycythemia
