A&P III Ch. 26: D

A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to A) excessive ADH secretion. B) absence of ADH. C) hematuric oliguria. D) overproduction of aldosterone. E) dilation of the afferent arterioles.

B

Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of A) diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport. E) countertransport.

E

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include A) hydrogen ions. B) penicillin. C) creatinine. D) potassium ions. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) the distal convoluted tubule. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.

E

Agents that increase urine excretion are known as A) diuretics. B) muscarinic antagonists. C) alpha-1 antagonists. D) calcium channel blockers. E) ADH agonists.

A

Antidiuretic hormone A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.

A

Which of the following substances undergo tubular secretion: A) water B) glucose C) hydrogen ions D) sodium ions E) All of the answers are correct.

C

If a urine sample is distinctly yellow in color, which of the following will be true? A) Its pH is below normal. B) It will have the odor of ammonia. C) It will contain large amounts of urobilin. D) It will contain excess chloride ion. E) It will have a low pH.

C

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases, A) a concentrated urine is produced. B) less urine is produced. C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. D) permeability to water in the collecting system increases. E) water reabsorption increases in the loop of Henle.

C

Which of the following substances are not normally found in the filtrate? A) chloride ions B) water C) protein D) urea E) glucose

C

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by A) simple diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport with Na and K ions. E) countertransport for bicarbonate ion.

D

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce A) a larger volume of urine. B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. E) urine with less glucose.

D

Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of A) diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport. E) countertransport.

D

Filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule normally contains A) hydrogen ions. B) water. C) nutrients. D) urea. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to A) less secretion of aldosterone. B) increased urinary loss of sodium. C) reduction of blood pressure. D) decreased sodium reabsorption. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation? A) 1 B) 38 C) 63 D) 74 E) 99

E

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves A) the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the neurohypophysis. B) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. C) a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts. D) an increase in facultative water reabsorption. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) is almost impermeable to water, but reabsorbs sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the filtrate. A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false. B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true. C) Both statements are true. D) Both statements are false. E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine.

E

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except A) active transport. B) facilitated diffusion. C) cotransport. D) countertransport. E) stem cell movements.

E

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)? A) relies on countercurrent multiplication B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration C) enables production of hypertonic urine D) site of obligatory water reabsorption. E) All of the answers are correct.

E