A&P Lab 2 Exam

17. What is the interosseous membrane of the leg? The tendon in which the patella is embedded The membrane that runs across most of the obturator foramen A ligament that holds the tibia and fibula together along their shafts The inner lining of the tibia and fibula A dense connective tissue covering over the major bones of the lower limb

A ligament that holds the tibia and fibula together along their shafts

12. What is the most precise description of a false rib? A rib that does not articulate with the vertebral column A rib that never ossifies, but remains as cartilage throughout life A rib that connects directly to the sternum by its own costal cartilage A rib that connects indirectly to the sternum by a costal cartilage, or has no connection to the sternum A rib that has no cartilaginous connection to the sternum

A rib that connects indirectly to the sternum by a costal cartilage, or has no connection to the sternum

44. Which of the following structures is formed by parts of the ilium, ischium, and pubis? Obturator foramen Acetabulum Pubic arch Greater sciatic notch Iliac fossa

Acetabulum

15. Which of the following is NOT an alternate name for the hip bone? Os coxa Pelvic bone Innominate bone Coxal bone All of these are alternate names for the hip bone.

All of these are alternate names for the hip bone.

57. Which of the following is NOT a function of the bones? To store inorganic salts To serve as attachment sites for muscles To help to buffer blood pH To contain the cells that produce blood cells All of these are functions of the bones.

All of these are functions of the bones.

19. Which of the following is NOT included in the thoracic cage? Ribs Costal cartilages Sternum Thoracic vertebrae All of these are included in the thoracic cage.

All of these are included in the thoracic cage.

35. Which of the following structures is NOT found in a synovial joint? Joint capsule Synovial membrane Articular cartilage Ligaments All of these structures are found in a synovial joint.

All of these structures are found in a synovial joint.

31. What is the name of the structure that supports the teeth on both the maxilla and the mandible? Crista galli Pterygoid process Ramus Alveolar process Coronoid process

Alveolar process

52. What is the correct explanation of the joint movement called protraction? Posterior movement of a part of the body in the transverse plane Movement of a part of the body downward Rotation of the palm of the hand and forearm posteriorly or downward Anterior movement of a part of the body in the transverse plane Movement of a part of the body upward

Anterior movement of a part of the body in the transverse plane

24. Which bone of the pectoral girdle or upper limb is S-shaped? Radius Scapula Ulna Humerus Clavicle

Clavicle

5. All of the following are part of the axial skeleton except the sternum sacrum hyoid clavicle All of these are part of the axial skeleton

Clavicle

60. The inorganic portion of the bone matrix consists of all of the following except calcium phosphate. calcium carbonate. collagen fibers. fluoride ions. magnesium ions.

Collagen fibers

18. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the humerus? Coronoid process Intertubercular sulcus Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Capitulum

Coronoid process

59. Which of the following is NOT true of the cartilage of the adult skeleton? Intervertebral discs lie between adjacent vertebrae, and provide shock absorption for the vertebrae. Costal cartilages connect the ribs to the sternum. Articular cartilage is found on the ends of bones in joints, and reduces friction between joint-forming surfaces of the bones. Costal cartilage, articular cartilage, and intervertebral discs are all composed of fibrocartilage. All of these are true of the cartilage of the adult skeleton.

Costal cartilage, articular cartilage, and intervertebral discs are all composed of fibrocartilage.

85. Which of the following is NOT a structural classification of joints? Cartilaginous joint Diarthrotic joint Synovial joint Fibrous joint All of these are structural classifications of joints

Diarthrotic joint

25. Which of the following joints contain(s) exactly 3 bones? Shoulder and elbow Hip and knee Knee only Shoulder only Elbow and knee

Elbow and knee

55. Which of the following structures would NOT be found in the long bones of a mature adult? Epiphyses Epiphyseal plates Red bone marrow Epiphyseal lines Diaphyses

Epiphyseal plates

100. Which of the following is classified as a cranial bone? Ethmoid bone Zygomatic bone Palatine bone Lacrimal bone Inferior nasal concha

Ethmoid bone

33. Which of the following bones contains the cribriform plate, which is involved in olfaction (smell), and the perpendicular plate, which forms the majority of the nasal septum? Ethmoid bone Vomer bone Sphenoid bone Nasal bone Inferior nasal concha

Ethmoid bone

21. Moving the parts of a joint farther apart, so the angle between them increases, is called flexion. adduction. extension. eversion. abduction.

Extension

61. The surfaces of ribs that articulate with vertebrae are called processes notches. tubercles. angles. facets.

Facets

16. The carpals are not included in the anatomical description of the hand. T/F

False

20. Each bone consists of either compact or spongy bone, but not both. T/F

False

23. The bones of the pectoral girdle are part of the axial skeleton. T/F

False

36. All synovial joints contain at least 1 meniscus. T/F

False

4. The skull is part of the appendicular skeleton. T/F

False

45. The only structural type of joint that contains synovial fluid in a joint cavity is a cartilaginous joint. T/F

False

49. The vertebral column extends from the first cervical vertebra (C1) to the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5). T/F

False

50. The 2 hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx form the pelvic girdle. T/F

False

64. The four vertebrae of the coccyx fuse into 1 bone by the age of about 18. T/F

False

75. A bone is considered to be a tissue of the skeletal system. T/F

False

9. The patellar surface, which articulates with the patella, is found on the tibia. T/F

False

99. The number of carpals in the wrists is equal to the number of tarsals in the ankles. t/f

False

90. What type of tissue are intervertebral discs composed of? Elastic connective tissue Fibrocartilage Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Areolar connective tissue

Fibrocartilage

68. Which of the following bone markings is in the category of openings? Notch Foramen Ramus Facet Fovea

Foramen

63. Which of the following is the most distal part of the ulna? Olecranon process Coronoid process Radial notch Trochlear notch Head

Head

88. Which of the following is NOT true of ossification? Intramembranous ossification involves bone formation from hyaline cartilage models. Most bones develop by endochondral ossification. In both intramembranous and endochondral ossification, both spongy and compact bone form. Ossification occurs during fetal growth and childhood. All of these are true of ossification.

Intramembranous ossification involves bone formation from hyaline cartilage models.

22. Which of the following is NOT true of the knee joint? The knee is a modified hinge joint. The knee contains a lateral meniscus and a medial meniscus. It contains a condylar joint between the patellar surface of the femur and the patella. The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is positioned so that it helps prevent hyperextension of the knee. All of these are true of the knee joint.

It contains a condylar joint between the patellar surface of the femur and the patella.

48. Which of the following is NOT true of the ulnar notch? It articulates with the head of the ulna. It is found on the radius. It is closer to the humerus than to the wrist. It is a curved shallow depression. All of these are true of the ulnar notch.

It is closer to the humerus than to the wrist.

43. A small chamber occupied by an osteocyte is called a(n) __________. lacuna osteon lamella canaliculus endosteum

Lacuna

51. On the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, which structures are thin plates that form the posterior portion of the vertebral foramen? Laminae Transverse processes Pedicles Spinous processes Facets

Laminae

53. All of the following structures are found on the tibia except the medial malleolus tibial tuberosity. lateral malleolus. anterior border. lateral condyle.

Lateral malleolus

87. Concentric, interstitial, and circumferential lamellae all consist of __________. spongy bone hematopoietic cells yellow bone marrow layers of matrix trabeculae

Layers of matrix

3. Looking at a radiograph of the hand, it can be seen that the metacarpals and phalanges are classified as ______ bones. Flat Irregular Sesamoid Long Short

Long

28. Which of the following is NOT true of joint movements? Most joints are flexed and abducted when the body is in anatomical position. When a skeletal muscle contracts to move a joint, the insertion is pulled toward the origin. In the upper and lower limbs, the origin is typically proximal to the insertion. The more moveable end of a skeletal muscle is called its insertion. All of these are true of joint movements.

Most joints are flexed and abducted when the body is in anatomical position.

26. Which of the following is NOT true of the anatomy of the sacrum? The inferior end of the sacrum articulates with the coccyx. Nothing passes through the sacral foramina; they are membrane-covered openings. The sacral canal is a continuation of the vertebral canal. The median sacral crest consists of the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae. All of these are true of the anatomy of the sacrum.

Nothing passes through the sacral foramina; they are membrane-covered openings.

66. The area that the baby's head passes through during the birth process is the __________. acetabulum pubic symphysis median sacral crest obturator foramen pelvic inlet

Pelvic Inlet

79. Which category of bone markings consists of bone parts that serve as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments? Openings Articulations Depressions Condyles Projections

Projections

41. Which of the following is the most anterior portion of the hip bone? Ischium Ilium Acetabulum Pubis Ischial tuberosity

Pubis

30. What unique feature do thoracic vertebrae contain? Spinous processes Transverse foramina Vertebral foramina Rib facets Transverse processes

Rib facets

54. Some people develop bones in areas of compression in the hand or foot; these extra bones are classified as __________ bones. long sesamoid irregular short flat

Sesamoid

96. Which of the following joints is/are capable of circumduction? Elbow and knee Shoulder and hip Hip and knee Shoulder, hip, elbow, and knee Shoulder and elbow

Shoulder and hip

69. An intervertebral disc is composed of fibrocartilage, and is slightly moveable; this type of joint is classified as a syndesmosis. symphysis. gomphosis. synchondrosis. suture.

Symphysis

37. Which of the following tarsals articulates with the distal end of the tibia, and allows the foot to pivot up and down? Navicular Cuboid Talus Medial cuneiform Calcaneus

Talus

98. Which two skull bones form the zygomatic arch? Maxilla and zygomatic bone Maxilla and mandible Zygomatic and sphenoid bones Temporal and zygomatic bones Occipital and temporal bones

Temporal and zygomatic bones

82. Which of the following is a pivot joint? The hip and shoulder joints Intercarpal and intertarsal joints The elbow and the interphalangeal joints The joint between the dens and atlas The knee

The joint between the dens and atlas

78. Which of the following is NOT true of the bones of the lower limb? The lower limb contains 8 tarsals, just like the upper limb contains 8 carpals. There are 5 metatarsals in each foot, just like there are 5 metacarpals in each hand. There are 14 phalanges in each foot, just like in the hand. The leg contains 2 bones, just like the forearm. All of these are true of the bones of the lower limb.

The lower limb contains 8 tarsals, just like the upper limb contains 8 carpals.

8. All of the following bones contain paranasal sinuses except the maxilla the mandible the ethmoid bone the sphenoid bone all of these bones contain paranasal sinuses

The mandible

86. Which bones are connected by the squamous suture? The frontal and parietal bones The parietal and zygomatic bones The parietal and temporal bones The parietal and occipital bones The two parietal bones

The parietal and temporal bones

42. Which of the following is NOT true of the differences between the male and female pelves? The pelvis is heavier, and contains thicker bones in the female. The pelvic outlet is larger in the female pelvis. The iliac crest is less flared in the male. The acetabula are larger and closer together in the male. All of these are true of the differences between the male and female pelves.

The pelvis is heavier, and contains thicker bones in the female.

32. Which of the following is NOT true of the structure of long bones? Long bones contain an epiphysis at both ends. The diaphysis and surfaces of the epiphyses consist of compact bone. The periosteum surrounds the entire bone, even where there is articular cartilage. Spongy bone makes up the internal portions of the epiphyses. All of the following are true of the structure of a long bone.

The periosteum surrounds the entire bone, even where there is articular cartilage.

97. Which of the following contain red bone marrow in the adult skeleton? The proximal epiphyses of the femurs The radius and ulna The tibia and fibula The phalanges of the hands and feet None of these structures contain red bone marrow in the adult skeleton.

The proximal epiphyses of the femurs

38. Which of the following is NOT true of the curvatures of the vertebral column? The thoracic and sacral curvatures are convex on the anterior side and concave on the posterior side. There are four curvatures of the vertebral column. Primary curvatures are formed by the time of birth. The cervical and lumbar curvatures are secondary curvatures. All of these are true of the curvatures of the vertebral column.

The thoracic and sacral curvatures are convex on the anterior side and concave on the posterior side.

40. There are 7 tarsals in each foot, and 8 carpals in each hand, but the upper limb and the lower limb contain the same number of bones. How can this be explained? The forearm contains 2 bones, but the leg contains only 1 bone. The foot contains 1 more metatarsal than the hand. The foot contains 1 more phalanx than the hand. The upper limb has no counterpart for the patella. The arm contains 1 bone, while the thigh contains 2 bones.

The upper limb has no counterpart for the patella.

39. Which of the following is NOT true of the auditory ossicles? They are also called the middle ear bones. One of them is the smallest bone in the body, among the 206 named bones of the skeleton. They are the malleus, incus, and stapes. They are located within the sphenoid bone. All of these are true of the auditory ossicles.

They are located within the sphenoid bone.

81. What is the significance of the occipital condyles? They articulate with the mandible, to allow for chewing movements. They articulate with the zygomatic bone, to form a support structure for the cheek. They articulate with the first cervical vertebra, to allow head movements with respect to the neck. They provide a bony support structure for the pituitary gland. They are passageways for the internal carotid arteries.

They articulate with the first cervical vertebra, to allow head movements with respect to the neck.

10. The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the __________ of the humerus. Olecranon fossa trochlea head capitulum intertubercular sulcus

Trochlea

1. The skull consists of 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones. T/F

True

13. The thoracic cage and vertebral column are part of the axial skeleton. T/F

True

14. The femur is the longest and strongest bone of the entire skeleton. T/F

True

2. Articulations are bone markings that occur where bones fit together in a joint. T/F

True

27. When the olecranon fossa of the humerus articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna, it allows a person to straighten the arm at the elbow. T/F

True

46. An epiphyseal plate of a long bone is an example of a temporary joint. T/F

True

58. There are five pairs of false ribs in the human skeleton. T/F

True

6. Often when a person with osteoporosis "falls and breaks a hip," the fall actually occurs as a result of the hip fracture. T/F

True

65. The two vertebrae that articulate to allow pivoting of the head are atlas and axis. T/F

True

67. Before fusion of the sacrum and coccyx, most children have 33 separate bones in the vertebral column. T/F

True

76. Medial and lateral excursions are special joint movements that involve the mandible. T/F

True

92. Most adults have 206 bones, but the number at birth is close to 275. t/f

True

56. The __________ vertebrae have the largest vertebral foramina, while the __________ vertebrae have the largest size. cervical; lumbar thoracic; lumbar lumbar; cervical cervical; thoracic thoracic; cervical

cervical; lumbar

73. The humerus articulates with all of the following bones except the radius. clavicle. scapula. ulna. all of these bones articulate with the humerus.

clavicle

70. A freely movable joint is classified as a diarthrosis. fibrous joint. synarthrosis. synovial joint. amphiarthrosis.

diarthrosis.

72. Anatomically, the forearm represents the region from the elbow to the fingers. shoulder to the elbow. elbow to the wrist. shoulder to the fingers. wrist to the fingers.

elbow to the wrist

83. The superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae are all found on the ethmoid bone. T/F

fALSE

74. Chicken bones soaked in vinegar or hydrochloric acid overnight become flexible, because the acid dissolves the collagen fibers. T/F

false

93. Sutures and gomphoses consist of dense connective tissue, and are immovable; therefore they can be classified as cartilaginous synarthroses. fibrous amphiarthroses. synovial diarthroses. cartilaginous amphiarthroses. fibrous synarthroses.

fibrous synarthroses.

29. Some of the large cranial bones, which have wide surfaces, and are sometimes curved, are classified as __________ bones. short long irregular flat sesamoid

flat

95. The coronoid process, mental foramen, and ramus are all found on the maxilla. mandible. ethmoid bone. sphenoid bone. parietal bone.

mandible

47. All of the following bones are part of the eye orbit except the maxilla. zygomatic bone. nasal bone. frontal bone. lacrimal bone.

nasal bone

7. Movement of the thumb so that it comes in contact with another finger of the same hand is called Excursion reposition opposition retraction inversion

opposition

71. The distal end of the humerus articulates with the carpals. radius and ulna. tibia and fibula. tarsals. phalanges.

radius and ulna

94. The thoracic cage consists of the ribs and sternum. coxal bones. ribs. scapulae and clavicles. coxal bones and sacrum.

ribs and sternum.

80. Inversion and eversion are special movements of the forearm and hand. mandible. sole of the foot at the ankle joint. thumb toward or away from the other fingers. the knee joint.

sole of the foot at the ankle joint.

34. A depression in a bone, shaped like a narrow groove, is called a __________. fissure sulcus sanal tubercle fossa

sulcus

77. The sella turcica (Turkish saddle) is an important depression in the sphenoid bone, which provides bony protection for the pituitary gland. T/F

tRUE

91. Osteons are only found in compact bone. T/F

tRUE

89. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the head, neck, and trunk. the bones of the trunk and lower limbs. the bones of the upper and lower limbs, and the bones that connect them to the axial skeleton. the bones of the skull, upper and lower limbs. the bones of the upper and lower limbs.

the bones of the upper and lower limbs, and the bones that connect them to the axial skeleton.

84. The distal attachment site for the patellar tendon is the greater trochanter. tibial tuberosity. ischial spine. medial malleolus. medial condyle.

tibial tuberosity.

11. The ribs are attached posteriorly to the __________. vertebrae sacrum scapula coccyx sternum

vertebrae

62. The inferior portion of the sternum is called the manubrium. spinous process. xiphoid process. body. facet.

xiphoid process.