A&P Q1
action potential
A flow of electrical current called a(n) ___ ___ is generated within the initial segment of a neuron.
exteroceptors
Cutaneous receptors are a type of ______.
external
Exteroceptors detect stimuli from the ______ environment.
phasic or adapting
If stimulated over a period of time, ___ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.
small
Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.
general
Pain is an example of a ___ sense.
skin
Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera.
simple in structure
Receptors for general senses are usually ______.
chemoreceptors
Receptors in blood vessels that monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in our blood are called ______.
CNS
Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______.
the body wall
Somatic receptors are found within ______.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Some antidepressant drugs are SSRIs. SSRI stands for ___ ___ ___ ___.
receptive field
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.
myelin
The presence of a ___ sheath increases the rate of impulse conduction.
cranium
The receptors for the special senses are found within the ______.
reuptake
The removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft by transport into the synaptic knob is known as ______.
reverberating
The repetitious nature of a ______ circuit ensures that we continue breathing while we are asleep.
modality
The stimulating agent is also called the ___ of stimulus.
visceral
The two types of nociceptors are somatic nociceptors and ___ nociceptors.
Proprioceptors
The types of the receptor that include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles, and tendons are called
transform energy from one form to another form
Transducers ______.
amplitude; frequency
Action potentials are always propagated along an axon at the same ______ but ______ can vary depending on the strength of the stimulus.
faster
A larger axon transmits an impulse ______ than a smaller axon.
diverging
A message traveling from one presynaptic neuron to multiple postsynaptic neurons is an example of a ______ circuit.
graded
A potential that is a temporary change in membrane potential which lasts only as long as the stimulus that causes it and can vary in size is called a ___ potential
facilitation
An increase in the response of a postsynaptic neuron to a neurotransmitter is known as ______.
diffusion
Another way for the neurotransmitter to be removed from the synaptic cleft is by ______ where there is uptake by surrounding glial cells.
conduction velocity up to 150 meters per second medium conduction velocity slowest conduction velocity
Match the nerve type with its properties. Type A Type B Type C
discharge
Parallel-after-___ circuits have several neurons processing the same information at one time.
an electrical signal
Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______.
reuptake
Some antidepressant drugs work by blocking the ___ of serotonin.
interoceptors, visceroceptors, or baroreceptors
Specific types of receptors called ___ detect stimuli in the internal organs.
visceral sensory
Stretch receptors in the stomach would be classified as what type?
tonic
The balance receptors in the ear are an example of ______ receptors.
more intense
The brain interprets the increased frequency of nerve signals as a ______ stimulus.
False
True or false: A neuromodulator is another name for a neurotransmitter.
true
True or false: All pain receptors are tonic receptors.
true
True or false: Graded potentials vary in size depending on the stimulus.
transducers
What structure transforms one type of energy into a different type of energy?
phasic
What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?
chemoreceptors
What type of receptor detects molecules dissolved in fluid?
mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors
Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?
barorecptors
Which type of receptor detects pressure changes?
proprioceptors
Which type of receptor is found in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joint capsules?
exposure to acid on the skin, sprained ankle, touching a hot pan
Which would stimulate somatic nociceptors?
voltage-gated channels
______ are essential for the generation of an action potential.
the intensity of an action potential varies depending on the conditions
______ is not a property of action potentials.
taste smell sight balance hearing
Match the special sense with its anatomical name. gustation olfaction vision equilibrium audition
Interoceptors
What type of receptor is found in the smooth muscle of organs?
proprioception
What type of receptor monitors changes in body position?
skin, ear
Where are mechanoreceptors found?
oral cavity, skin
Which structures contain exteroceptors?
True
True or false: Facilitation and inhibition may be caused by changes in either the presynaptic neuron or the postsynaptic neuron.
neurons
Neuromodulation alters the response of ______ to neurotransmitters.
the length of time channels are open
The duration of a graded potential is dependent on ______
detect temperature detect light detect pressure change detect tissue damage detect chemicals
Match the modality of stimulus with its function. thermoreceptors photoreceptors baroceptors nociceptors chemoreceptors
large diameter myelinated conduction velocity of approximately 15 meters per second unmyelinated
Match the nerves types with their properties. Type A Type B Type C
neuronal pathways, neuronal circuits
Neuronal pools are also called ______.
interneurons
Neuronal pools are made of ______.
True
True or false: The membrane potential of a neuron becomes positive inside relative to outside during an action potential.
Can either be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the degree of change in membrane potential is dependent on the stimulus magnitude the decreased intensity with distance traveled along the membrane
Which are among the general characteristics of graded potentials?
converging circuit
______ is the type of neuronal circuit that is made when multiple impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron.