a&p quiz 4

Name the process that changes the shapes of bones to adjust to bone stress, replaces old bone matrix and facilitates the repair of broken bones.

Bone remodeling

One effect of aging on the skeletal system is

Both "decreased bone matrix" and "decreased collagen fibers" are correct.

A patient's arm was severed midway between the wrist and the elbow. Which of the following bones was severed?

Both "radius" and "ulna" are correct.

Canaliculi are found in this type of bone tissue.

Both "spongy bone" and "compact bone" are correct

Which of the following types of joints is mismatched with its location?

Ellipsoid - between femur and tibia

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate.

What is the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

Endosteum

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

Epiphyseal plate

Which of the following paranasal sinuses would most likely result in discomfort around the eyes?

Ethmoidal

Which of the following involves respiratory system activity that contributes to osteoporosis?

Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?

Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling.

Andrew is in a car accident and fractures his maxilla. To which group of bones does this belong?

Face

Which of the following is NOT a cartilaginous joint?

Fontanelles

A patient was diagnosed with sinus polyps in the sinus associated with a flat bone that forms from fetal structures that fuse after birth. Which sinus is affected?

Frontal sinus

What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body?

Glenohumeral joint

Which skull canal contains blood vessels that drain blood from the skull?

Jugular foramen

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

Lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone

An avid runner experiences pain on the greater trochanter. Where is this pain located?

Lateral femur

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Rib

What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?

Sharpey fibers

Name the air-filled spaces lined by mucous membranes found within flat and irregular bones.

Sinuses

Which condition is caused by the failure of vertebral laminae to fuse?

Spina bifida

Which type of bone tissue appears porous?

Spongy bone

Which of the following bony features is mismatched with its description?

Styloid process - point of articulation of mandible with skull

Which of the following joints is most movable?

Synovial

A patient suffers a concussion. Which bone has possibly been traumatized?

Temporal bone

Which of the following structures prevents knee hyperextension?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Which of the following statements regarding the temporomandibular (TMJ) joint is correct?

The joint is a combination plane and ellipsoidal joint.

How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis in individuals suffering from osteoporosis?

The sense of pain following injury helps prevent further injury.

Which of the following statements concerning bursae is true?

They are formed by an extension of the synovial membrane.

Which of the following is most distal in location on the humerus?

Trochlea

Which chemical, ingested or synthesized by the body, is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Vitamin D

Which of the following bones form the nasal septum?

Vomer and ethmoid

A patient was brought to the hospital after being hit in the face with a baseball. Which bone was most likely fractured?

Zygomatic bone

The upper limb and its girdle are attached rather loosely to the rest of the body. This arrangement

allows a wide range of movements.

The type of movements where one linear part of the body bends relative to another part would be_________ movements.

angular

The anterior end of the iliac crest is the

anterior superior iliac spine.

Ellipsoid joints

are actually modified ball and socket joints.

Synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints

are enclosed by a joint capsule.

Osteons or haversian systems

are the basic units in compact bone tissue

You would look for concentric lamellae

around the central canal of an osteon.

Increase in epiphysis size is the result of bone growth at the_________.

articular cartilage

The auditory ossicles are part of the_________ skeleton.

axial

The common name for the sternum is the_________.

breastbone

Cartilaginous joints unite two bones by means of_________.

cartilage

Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as_________ joints.

cartilaginous

Transverse foramina are found in_________ vertebrae.

cervical

With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires_________ of the shoulder.

circumduction

The type of lamellae that forms the outside surface of compact bone is_________.

circumferential

The collar bone is the_________.

clavicle

The knee joint is an example of a_________ joint.

complex ellipsoid

Spongy bone tissue

contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae.

Jasmine trips and tries to break her fall by putting her hand to the ground. The doctor informs her she has injured the_________ joints in her wrist.

costocarpal

Articular cartilage

covers the ends of bones in synovial joints.

When blood vessels become surrounded by concentric lamella forming osteons, the bone will grow in_________.

diameter

The three arches of the foot

distribute the weight of the body during standing and walking.

The olecranon process of the ulna is commonly known as the_________.

elbow

The opposite of depression is_________.

elevation

The epiphysis of the clavicle is formed by_________ ossification.

endochondral

The ethmoid and sphenoid bones are formed by_________ ossification.

endochondral

The inferior portion of the occipital bone is formed by_________

endochondral

The inferior portion of the occipital bone is formed by_________ ossification.

endochondral

When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints_________ to lift your body weight.

extend

The collar that forms around the opposing ends of bone fragments is called a/an_________.

external callus

The bone that articulates with the acetabulum is the_________.

femur

The large bone in the thigh is the_________.

femur

Pain in a synovial joint such as the hip can occur because of irritation of the nerves in the

fibrous capsule of the joint.

The flat bones of the skull develop from __________.

fibrous connective tissue

The lateral malleolus is part of the_________.

fibula

The common name for the phalanges is the_________.

finger bones

Bones are classified as one of four types, based on their shapes. The bones of the cranium are examples of ______ bones.

flat

Bowing the head is an example of_________.

flexion

The medial malleolus

forms the medial side of the ankle joint.

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is

fractures

Proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage

give cartilage its resilient nature

Unlike other joints, a_________ does not join two bones to one another.

gomphosis

An incomplete bone fracture generally found in children is a/an_________.

greenstick fracture

The term basic multicellular unit (BMU) refers to

group of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that work together during bone remodeling.

The acromion process

has an articulation with the clavicle.

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.

The cubital or elbow joint is an example of a_________ joint.

hinge

Showing your palm to someone who is in front of you, as if to tell them "Stop," requires

hyperextension of the wrist.

The large depression on the medial side of the ilium is the

iliac fossa.

The type of lamellae found between osteons (haversian systems) is_________.

interstitial

An example of a symphysis is the_________.

intervertebral joint

The parietal bone is formed by_________ ossification.

intramembranous

Synovial fluid

is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.

Lamellar bone

is organized into thin sheets of tissue

Hyaluronic acid

is responsible for the lubricating properties of synovial fluid.

Spaces in the bone matrix that are occupied by osteocytes are_________.

lacunae

The posterior part of the vertebral arch is the_________.

lamina

A yoga instructor tells the class to stretch the muscles of the side of the trunk by instructing them to perform _________.

lateral flexion

The primary function of osteoblasts is to

lay down bone matrix.

The ligament located inside the hip joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum is the __________.

ligament of the head of the femur

Bones that are longer than they are wide and generally have enlarged ends for articulations are classified as_________ bones.

long

An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is_________.

lordosis

A synchondrosis

may be temporary.

Osteoclasts are most active in the_________ of a growing bone.

medullary cavity

The knuckles of the hand are formed by the distal ends of the_________.

metacarpals

The foot contains

metatarsals

In appositional growth of cartilage,

new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue.

The point of the elbow is the_________.

olecranon process

Appositional growth deposits a new layer of bone tissue

on the surface of the bone.

The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of

osteoblast and osteoclast activity

The stem cells of osteoblasts and chondroblasts are_________.

osteochondral progenitor cells

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the_________.

osteocyte

Brittle bone disorder is another name for_________.

osteogenesis imperfecta

An older man has been diagnosed with osteoporosis, and his blood calcium levels are above normal. Cancer cells that

parathyroid hormone

An older man has been diagnosed with osteoporosis, and his blood calcium levels are above normal. Cancer cells that oversecrete_________ may be causing his symptoms.

parathyroid hormone

Osteoclast activity is increased by_________.

parathyroid hormone

A patient with a fractured ischium has a broken_________.

pelvis

The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the_________.

perichondrium

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the_________.

periosteum

The joint between the head of the radius and the proximal end of the ulna is a_________ joint.

pivot

The joint between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae is a_________ joint.

plane

The greater sciatic notch is found on the

posterior side of the ilium.

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.

The opposite of supination is_________.

pronation

The opposite of retraction is_________.

protraction

The function of a bursa is to

provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction

If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your_________.

radius

A pivot joint

restricts movement to rotation.

Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called_________.

rotation

Osteoclasts have projections called_________ that cause bone reabsorption.

ruffled borders

The coracoid process is found on the_________.

scapula

A patient is diagnosed with a pituitary tumor. This means that the tumor is in the_________.

sella turcica

The growth spurt seen in puberty is triggered by_________.

sex hormones

Bone growth at the articular cartilage is responsible for bone growth of_________.

short bones

A tennis player with a torn rotator cuff has an injured_________.

shoulder

The glenoid labrum is part of the_________ joint, while the acetabular labrum is part of the_________ joint.

shoulder; hip

The posterior, inferior projection from vertebrae is the_________.

spinous process

The anterior boundary of the "rib cage" is/are the_________.

sternum

The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

strength of the bone.

Joints are classified according to the

structure of the joint

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called_________.

supination

The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a_________.

synchondrosis

When two bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone, this is called a_________.

synostosis

The inability to produce the fluid that keeps most joints moist indicates a disorder of the

synovial membrane.

The coccyx is also called the_________.

tail bone

The tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and the fibula is the_________.

talus

A person who has cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ear probably has a fracture of the_________ bone.

temporal

In the TMJ joint, the mandible articulates with the_________.

temporal bone

In a syndesmosis

the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.

The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue.

John was running downfield with the football. As he tried to avoid a tackle, he stepped in a hole and his foot was twisted under him with great force. The X-ray shows a "broken ankle." The structure that is most likely broken is

the lateral malleolus.

Getting a kiss on the cheek means the_________ bone is involved.

zygomatic

Which of the following is a synovial joint?

Atlantooccipital

Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth?

A small pelvic outlet

Which of the following movements is possible at the hip joint?

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements concerning the vertebral column is true?

An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called kyphosis.

Which type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

Articular cartilage

The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification?

Both processes form woven bone.

Sally has elevated blood calcium levels. Which substance would you expect to find in high levels in response to this condition?

Calcitonin

Which type of bone tissue has concentric lamellae?

Compact bone

Which type of bone tissue is considered dense bone?

Compact bone

Which of the following parts of a rib articulates with the body of a vertebra?

Head

Which of the following is mismatched?

Hip joint - cruciate ligaments

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Immunity

Which effect can be attributed to increased pressure on a bone?

Increased osteoblast activity

Low blood calcium levels cause which of the following?

Increased osteoclast activity

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the joints?

Increased production of synovial fluid

How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?

It is impacted by inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet.

Which anatomical term is correctly matched with its description?

Meatus - a tunnel

Which joint can be injured by closing a hand in a car door at the knuckles?

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Which of the following statements concerning the ankle joint is true?

Most common injuries to this joint occur because of a forceful inversion of the foot.

Which of the following bony features is not associated with the skull?

Obturator foramen

A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which of these bones?

Occipital

Which type of bone cell possesses extensive ER and ribosomes?

Osteoblast

Which type of bone cell is a large cell that forms from fusion of several precursor cells?

Osteoclast

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Osteoclast - responsible for reabsorption

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

Osteoclasts

Which of the following statements regarding PTH (parathyroid hormone) is true?

PTH causes increased reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidneys.

A patient is experiencing pain on the bottom of his feet due to ligament damage. Which structure is most likely involved?

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Which of the following pairs of terms are opposites?

Plantar flexion - dorsiflexion

A patient is experiencing sacroiliac joint pain. In what region of the body is the pain?

Posterior pelvic region

Osteomalacia is

a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; this occurs because of insufficient collagen development.

Gout is

a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood.

Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi, is an example of_________ of the shoulder.

abduction

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts that travel through or across the bone surface removing and replacing old bone matrix are collectively called a(n)_________.

basic multicellular unit

Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of_________.

bone matrix

Ligaments attach

bone to bone.

The heel of the foot is formed by the_________.

calcaneus

Small channels extending through the bone matrix are_________.

canaliculi

The ribs articulate with the_________ vertebrae.

thoracic

Interconnecting rods of bone are_________.

trabeculae

The sagittal suture is located between the

two parietal bones

A styloid process is found on the_________.

ulna

The olecranon process is found on the_________.

ulna

The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the_________.

vertebral foramen

A tumor discovered in the posterior orbit would most likely impact_________.

vision

Osteoarthritis usually is caused by

wear and tear of the joint.