A&PI Test 2-ch5,6,7

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the

central canal

Nails are scalelike modifications of which layer of the integument?

stratum corneum

Which layer of the integument has a small population of immune cells?

Stratum spinosum

Which body membrane protects the body from water loss and harm to internal organs?

cutaneous

The dermis is composed largely of

dense irregular connective tissue.

Appositional growth requires

deposition of external circumferential lamellae.

The skull, pelvis, ribs, vertebral column, and sternum provide ____________ to many delicate organs of the body by encasing them in hardened shell-like or caged structures.

protection

t/f: The human skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

True

Check all the statements that are true regarding the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis).

-The subcutaneous layer is not part of the integument. -The subcutaneous layer consists of areolar and adipose connective tissue. -One of the functions of the subcutaneous layer is thermal insulation.

Check the functions of connective tissue.

Supporting the internal frame of the body, Energy storage, Hormone transport, Protecting the vital organs, Forming the structural framework of the liver

The subcutaneous layer of skin consists of

areolar and adipose tissue.

t/f: Damaged tissues are normally repaired through replacement of damaged or dead cells through a process called fibrosis.

false

t/f: The medullary cavity of a flat bone contains red or yellow bone marrow.

false bc Flat bones do not have a medullary cavity.

t/f: Once the epiphyseal plate fuses and forms an epiphyseal line, the long bone continues to grow in length, but at a slower rate.

false bc The formation of the epiphyseal line signifies the termination of lengthwise growth in a bone.

t/f: Compact bone is found on the internal surfaces of spongy bone, often lining the marrow cavities.

false bc found on external

t/f: Appositional growth occurs within the epiphyseal plate.

false because Endochondral ossification occurs within the epiphyseal plate.

Nervous tissue likely provides the shape and support for the stomach.

false because Nervous tissue does not function in physical support. Rather, it is involved with coordination and control of the tissues within the stomach.

The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called

granulation tissue.

Articular cartilage, found on the ends of long bones, consists of

hyaline cartilage

The integument consists of the epidermis, which is composed of _____________, and the dermis, which is composed primarily of ____________ connective tissue.

stratified squamous epithelium; dense irregular

The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

stratum basale

t/f: Thick skin is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

true

t/f:Bone, cartilage, and ligaments all are components of the skeletal system that help with support.

true

t/f: A gland may be composed of a single cell.

true- i.e. goblet cell

Milk and ear wax

are secreted from modified sweat glands

most common type of skin cancer; originates in stratam basale

basal cell carcinoma

Osteocytes maintain contact with neighboring osteocytes in adjacent lamellae via dendrite-like extensions called

canaliculi

t/f: Bones act as levers, and contraction of skeletal muscles results in their movement.

true

A thin extracellular layer upon which an epithelium rests is called a(n)

basement membrane

Contraction of the arrector pili muscles causes the hair follicle to

become perpendicular to the skin, resulting in the hair "standing on end."

Epithelial tissue

cells can be cube or column shape

he skin's response to severe injuries or burns, when functional activities are not restored, is called

fibrosis

Check all of the items that are possible functions of epithelial tissue.

protection, absorption, sensation, structure building

In an adult, red bone marrow is found in all of the following bones except the

radius of forearm

Which feature of a holocrine gland will distinguish it from merocrine and apocrine glands?

secretions are released by rupture of whole cells

The type of epithelium that would best allow rapid diffusion, osmosis, or filtration is ____________ epithelium.

simple sqamous

t/f: Bone encloses and protects many of the soft organs of the body such as the heart, brain, and spinal cord.

true

t/f: The epiphyseal plate is composed of cartilage.

true

t/f: Thin skin generally does not contain the stratum lucidum.

true

Which of the following is not a type of hair?

keratin

Which of the following is a true statement regarding sebaceous glands? Check all that apply.

-Sebaceous glands are modified mammary glands. -Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum. -Sebaceous glands are responsible for the oil that coats the hair on your scalp.

t/f: Differences in skin pigmentation are due to varying numbers of melanocytes within each individual.

FALSE

t/f: The medullary cavity of a flat bone contains red or yellow bone marrow.

FALSE

Which of the following is not found in thick skin?

Hair follicles

skin cancer that Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum

Squamous cell carcinoma

______________ is(are) found in compact bone, but not spongy bone

central canals

Reddened skin reflects

dilated blood vessels, sending more blood to the dermis.

The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called the __________.

dyaphisis; epiphysis

The sweat glands that produce a watery substance and are associated with exercise and stress are the _________ sweat glands, while glands that produce an organic substance that causes body odor are the __________ sweat glands.

eccrine, apocrine

Mechanical stress applied to bone __________ osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress __________ osteoblast activity.

increases, decreases

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the

medullary cavity

Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

melenin

The ____________ of the entire skeleton or skeletal elements utilizes the anchoring of muscles to attachment sites on the bones, which then serve as levers

movement

You accidentally cut your fingernail too far, causing a sharp pain and some bleeding. Which part of your nail was injured?

nail bed

An osteoblast is an example of an ______ component of bone.

organic

hyaline cartilage

serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body.

Select the way in which sweat glands function in homeostasis.

temperature regulation

A blood vessel consists of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue; therefore, it can be classified as an organ.

true

The visible part of the ear has the ability to stretch significantly, and then recoil back to its original position. Which protein fiber must be present?

elastic

Which of the following are functions of the skin? Check all that apply.

-Absorption of oils or lipid-soluble chemical or drugs, such as estrogen or nicotine, through transdermal patches -Absorption of oils or lipid-soluble chemical or drugs, such as estrogen or nicotine, through transdermal patches -Secretion of the waste product urea during sweating -Secretion of water and salt during sweating, which plays a role in electrolyte homeostasis

Check all of the statements that are true regarding keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium forms the epidermis of the skin. -In keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells on the apical (outer) surface are dead.

Which is not a function of nails?

Help us to walk properly

Which statement is true regarding the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?

It stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to underlying structures.

During intramembranous ossification, what replaces woven bone?

Lamellar bone

Most deadly type of skin cancer

Malignant melanoma

Sweat glands and sebaceous glands develop from which layer of the integument?

Stratum basale of the epidermis

T or F: In mature bone, the only cartilage that remains is the articular cartilage on the epiphyses of bones

TRUE

T/F: In long bones, the diaphysis is the site of the primary ossification center.

TRUE

t/f: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

TRUE

Which of the following would not be considered part of the skeletal system?

elastic cartilage

Immune cells found in the epidermis are called

epidermal dendritic cells.

Check all that are affected by third-degree burns.

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

These glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen of hollow organs.

exocrine

If a gland secretes its products through a duct to the surface of the small intestine epithelium, it must be an

exocrine gland

T/F: Once the epiphyseal plate fuses and forms an epiphyseal line, the long bone continues to grow in length, but at a slower rate.

false

The layer of the pleural membrane that is attached to the surface of the lung is the

visceral pleura.

Keratinocytes play an important role in producing

vit D

Melanin is produced and stored in

melanocytes.

Indicate all of the cells that would be found in connective tissue.

-Leukocyte -red blood cell -chondrocyte

The skin contains numerous receptors to detect, distinguish, and interpret different sensory stimuli. Which sensations are detected by the skin? Check all that apply.

-Pressure -touch -temp NOT VIBRATION

Check all that are a function of the integument.

-Protection -Prevention of water loss -Temperature regulation -Immune defense

Select all that are true of glands.

-They may secrete substances to be eliminated from the body. -They may be multicellular. -They are composed predominantly of epithelial tissue. -They may secrete substances for use elsewhere in the body.

t/f: Hair is found in both thin skin and thick skin.

false

t/f: Lines of cleavage partition the skin and indicate the predominant direction of underlying elastic fibers in the dermis.

false

t/f: Many bones contain yellow bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets.

false

t/f: Thick skin is generally more flexible than thin skin.

false

t/f: When the body temperature drops below normal, dermal blood vessels dilate.

false

Select all that are true regarding the endosteum.

-It lines the medullary cavity. -It contains osteoblasts. -It contains osteoclasts.