AAPC Module 3 Fundamentals of Medicine

Rheumatoid arthritis causes disability and can increase mortality and decrease life expectancy. In general, while it isn't fatal, complications can shorten a person's life expectancy by around:

10 to 15 years

Low-impact exercise can increase a patient's endurance and strengthen the muscles around their joint, making it more stable. Which type of exercise can strengthen the small muscles around knees and ankles?

Balance exercises

Osteoarthritis starts out gradually and worsens over time. It affects both men and women. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Osteoarthritis most commonly starts after age 65.

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle that moves the upper extremities?

Rectus abdominis

Which of the following is not a type of bone?

Round

The type of treatment recommended will depend on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, comorbidities, location of affected joints, and severity of the condition. What is considered the first in treatment for all people with rheumatoid arthritis?

Yoga

The humerus is an example of:

a long bone.

The muscle that is opposite in action to the prime mover is the:

antagonist

THA and TKA are forms of:

arthroplasty.

The primary organ of the skeletal system is:

bone

Bone cartilage is a major component of bone and joint mechanics and health. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding bone cartilage?

Bone cartilage is a rough and sticky surface that prevents the bones from moving out of place.

The ends of long bones are called the:

epiphysis

The loose connective tissue outside the muscle organs that forms a flexible, sticky "packing material" between the muscles, bone, and skin is called:

fascia

Groups of muscle fibers are called:

fascicles

Groups of muscle fibers are called:

fascicles.

Eversion, inversion, and plantar flexion refer to movements of the:

foot

The metacarpals are the bones of the:

hand

A myeloblast is a(n)

immature bone marrow cell

A prevertebral structure is located:

in front of the spine.

Tenotomy is:

incision of a tendon.

The muscle attachment to the more movable bone is called the:

insertion

Ataxia is:

lack of muscle coordination.

The region of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis is the

metaphysis

The bone-forming cells are called:

osteoblasts

The bone-resorbing cells are called:

osteoclasts.

The lambdoidal suture is formed by the joining of the:

parietal bones and the occipital bone.

Spondylolisthesis is displacement of a

vertebra

Another name for skeletal muscle is:

voluntary muscle.

The cheekbone is called the:

zygomatic.

Although the specific causes of rheumatoid arthritis are unknown, a factor NOT considered to increase the risk of developing the disease is

C) A person who does not carry the HLA gene. a. A person who does not smoke but lives with a smoker. b. A women who has reached menopause. c. A person who does not carry the HLA gene. d. A person who does not maintain their proper weight.

Osteoarthritis starts out gradually and worsens over time. It affects both men and women. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

C) Osteoarthritis most commonly starts after age 65. a. Before the age of 45, osteoarthritis is more common in men. b. Osteoarthritis is seen in about 80 percent of people over the age of 65. c. Osteoarthritis most commonly starts after age 65. d. After the age of 45, osteoarthritis is more comment in women.

All of the following are part of the appendicular skeleton, except the:

C) sternum a. pelvis. b. scapula. c. sternum. d. humerus.

All of the following statements are true, except:

Cardiac muscle is voluntary.

Bone-on-bone friction associated with osteoarthritis may cause crepitus. What is crepitus?

Clicking or cracking sound when the joint moves

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the head and neck?

D) Latissimus dorsi a. Masseter b. Frontal c. Zygomaticus d. Latissimus dorsi

There are many treatment options for osteoarthritis. Which of the following can help eliminate the symptoms and reverse the damage?

D) None of the above a. Exercises b. TENS c. Arthroplasty d. None of the above

In most patients, the onset of rheumatoid arthritis is insidious. The early stages often start with:

Fever, malaise, arthralgia, and weakness.

Which of the following reduces the angle of a joint?

Flexion

What part of the body does the external oblique move?

Trunk of the body

Chondrogenesis is formation of:

cartilage

Softening of cartilage is

chondromalacia

The triangular muscle over the shoulder is the:

deltoid.

A disease that involves both muscles and the skin is:

dermatomyositis

A sideways curvature of the spine is:

scoliosis

Voluntary muscle is:

skeletal muscle.

Tenorrhaphy is:

suture of a tendon.

A freely movable joint is a:

synovial joint.

The quadriceps femoris muscle group is in the:

thigh.