ab psych ch. 6

3 ways trauma can change the brain

1) Threat perception system enhanced -Lower brain responsible for body's safety -Become more fear driven and vigilant 2)Filtering system impaired -Difficulty determining important from irrelevant -Interferes with engagement and concentration 3) Self-sensing system impaired -Experience of self gets blunted -Also blunts experience of connection and pleasure

Why do some researchers believe dissociative identity disorder is culture-bound? A) It is rare or nonexistent in certain countries. B) It affects women more frequently than men. C) It affects only about 1 percent of the population. D) It has been tied to specific religious practices.

A) It is rare or nonexistent in certain countries.

Compared with covert exposure therapy for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, virtual reality exposure therapy has been shown to be: A) more effective. B) less effective. C) equally effective. D) not at all effective.

A) more effective.

Darla thinks she has bad luck. She repeatedly says, "Bad things just happen to me. It doesn't matter what I do. If it can go wrong, it will. And it always does." How does this thinking relate to the development of stress disorders? A) She is less likely to develop a stress disorder B) She is more susceptible to a stress disorder. C) There is no correlation between the two. D) She will definitely develop a stress disorder during her lifetime.

B) She is more susceptible to a stress disorder.

Kevin studies his history notes and textbook while he is drinking green tea. According to some theorists, Kevin would later do better on his history exam if he also had green tea in his system while taking the exam. These theorists would be basing their claim on: A) active-avoidance learning. B) state-dependent learning. C) associative memory learning. D) social learning theory.

B) state-dependent learning.

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy? A) Sympathetic nervous system B) Peripheral nervous system C) Parasympathetic nervous system D) Somatic nervous system

C) Parasympathetic nervous system

In the MOST common type of dissociative amnesia, a person loses memory for: A) all events before and after the trauma. B) some, but not all, events surrounding the trauma. C) all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time. D) all events from the trauma onward.

C) all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time.

A person experiencing multiple personalities would MOST accurately be diagnosed with dissociative: A) fugue. B) schizophrenia. C) identity disorder. D) amnesia.

C) identity disorder.

A person who witnessed a horrible car accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for three weeks is probably experiencing: A) posttraumatic stress disorder. B) pretraumatic stress disorder. C) combat fatigue. D) acute stress disorder.

D) acute stress disorder.

The individuals who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are: A) male or high-income individuals. B) female or high-income individuals. C) male or low-income individuals. D) female or low-income individuals.

D) female or low-income individuals.

A friend asks you, "What's the name of that Tom Hanks' movie where a pirate takes over his ship and says, 'I'm the captain now'?" You remember the movie and know you know the title, but you can't think of it in the moment. This is an example of: A) jamais vu. B) déjà vu. C) absentmindedness. D) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

D) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

boundary types

Rigid -avoids intimacy, very protective Porous -overinvolved with others' problems, can't say no, fears rejection if won't comply Healthy -Values own opinions -Doesn't compromise values for others -Knows and communicates personal wants and needs -Accepting when others say "no" to them

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

a disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event

acute stress disorder

a disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms soon after a traumatic event but for less than a month

psychological debriefing

a form of crisis intervention in which victims are helped to talk about their feelings and reactions to traumatic incidents -also called critical incident stress debriefing.

localized amnesia

a person loses all memory of events that took place within a limited period of time, almost always beginning with some very disturbing occurrence -most common type of dissociative amnesia

prolonged exposure

a treatment approach in which clients confront not only trauma-related objects and situations, but also their painful memories of traumatic experiences

hypnotic therapy

a treatment in which the patient undergoes hypnosis and is then guided to recall forgotten events or perform other therapeutic activities. Also known as hypnotherapy.

dissociative disorders

disorders marked by major changes in memory that do not have clear physical causes

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

dissociative disorder in which a person develops two or more distinct personalities

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of objects and situations they ordinarily avoid

continuous amnesia

failure to recall events from time of event to present

dissociative fugue

form of dissociative amnesia in which a person travels to a new location and may assume a new identity, simultaneously forgetting his or her past

corticosteroids

hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal glands at times of stress

dissociative amnesia

inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

state-dependent learning

learning that becomes associated with the conditions under which it occurred, so that it is best remembered under the same conditions

generalized amnesia

loss of memory of all personal information, including identity

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway

one route by which the brain and body produce arousal and fear

depersonalization/derealization disorder

sufferers feel as though they have become detached from their own mental processes or bodies or are observing themselves from the outside

endocrine system

system of glands located throughout the body that help control important activities such as growth and sexual activity

fusion

the final merging of two or more subpersonalities in dissociative identity disorder

selective amnesia

the inability to recall only certain incidents associated with a traumatic event for a specific period following the event -second most common form of dissociative amnesia

parasympathetic nervous system

the nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that help return bodily processes to normal

sympathetic nervous system

the nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system that quicken the heartbeat and produce other changes experienced as arousal and fear

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

the network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system to all the other organs of the body

self-hypnosis

the process of hypnotizing oneself, sometimes for the purpose of forgetting unpleasant events

subpersonalities

the two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with dissociative identity disorder -also known as alternate personalities.