ABD CH 11-14

Which of the following is a lung mass primarily found in pediatric patients

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

A male patient presents with history of acute scrotal trauma. Bloodwork revealed a decreased hematocrit. What should the sonographer expect to find on the scan

Ill-defined margins of the testicle with a complex fluid collection in the scrotum

What is a subluxated hip

Partial dislocation of the hip

A patient presents with a history of medically treated migraines, back/flank pain, weight loss, and vomiting. What retroperitoneal pathology should the sonographer consider

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Which hormone is produced in the greatest abundance by the thyroid gland

Thyroxine

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism

Graves disease

What normal structure most often demonstrated with sonography in pediatric patients appears as an echogenic solid mass with linear and punctate echogenicities

Thymus

What measurement describes an enlarged lymph node

> 10 mm

What is a pyramidal lobe

A superior extension of the thyroid isthmus

A patient presents with a palpable enlarged thyroid gland, dysphagia, and intermittent coughing. Sonogram demonstrated an enlarged heterogeneous gland with multiple focal nodules. What is the most likely diagnosis

Adenomatous goiter

Why is it important to demonstrate blood flow in the thyroid lobes

Inflammatory disorders of the thyroid demonstrate increased vascularity.

A breast sonogram on a lactating female demonstrated a focal fluid collection with internal echoes and enlarged lymph nodes. What is the most likely diagnosis

Breast abscess

How is a subluxed hip demonstrated on a sonogram

Femoral head rests laterally in the acetabulum.

Which of the following disorders presents with congenital muscular torticollis and a palpable mass in the sternocleidomastoid muscle that contains calcifications

Fibromatosis colli

Which of the following presents as a tender, palpable retroareolar mass in a male patient

Gynecomastia

What is the normal sonographic appearance of a muscle

Hypoechoic tissue with linear echogenic strands

Which disorder of the testicle demonstrates tiny echogenic foci throughout the testicular tissue and is often associated with Klinefelter syndrome

Microlithiasis

What is a possible role of sonography in the evaluation of lung masses

Ultrasound-guided biopsy

Which of the following is not consistent with testicular torsion

Acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of the testis is the main clinical finding for testicular torsion.

Which of the following is a false statement about sonography of the penis

Peyronie disease can be diagnosed when thickening of the tunica albuginea is filled with anechoic fluid.

What is the endocrine function of the testis

Production of testosterone

What is the most common cancer found in a patient with cryptorchidism

Seminoma

What is the Graf technique

A technique used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum to determine if developmental hip dysplasia is present.

What thyroid disorder presents with bulging eyes, nervousness, weight loss, and hair loss

Graves disease

Which of the following best describes a superficial hypoechoic mass that demonstrates blood flow when interrogated

Hemangioma

A patient presents with hypercalcemia. Sonography demonstrated a hypoechoic mass adjacent to the thyroid gland. What is the most likely diagnosis

Parathyroid adenoma

What term is used to describe enlargement of the abdominal lymph nodes located within the abdomen

Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

Nuclear medicine demonstrated a hot nodule, what is likely to be demonstrated on thyroid sonography

Colloid cyst

In which planes should the infant hip be imaged to determine if developmental dislocation of the hip is present

Coronal and transverse of the hip in both the resting and flexed positions with and without applied stress.

When imaging the liver, in which image are you likely to note fluid around the lung

Dome of liver

How does blood drain from the testicles

The pampiniform plexus empties into the RT and LT testicular veins; then the RT testicular vein drains into the IVC and the LT drains into the LT renal vein.

A 30-year-old female presented with puffy eyes, slight weight gain, increased cold sensitivity, elevated cholesterol, and decreased thyroxine levels. Her sonogram demonstrated a coarse textured thyroid gland with increased vascularity. What is the most likely diagnosis

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A female hair stylist presented with pain, erythema, and edema in the gluteal cleft. Sonography revealed a complex subcutaneous mass with hyperemia and a hypoechoic tract to the skin surface. What pathology does this represent

Pilonidal cyst

Which abdominal muscle is demonstrated posterior and slightly medial to the kidney on a transverse image

Psoas muscle

What is the function of the parathyroid glands

Regulation of calcium levels

A hemophiliac patient presents with low hematocrit and RT back pain. A complex mass is demonstrated in the muscle between the kidney and the spine. What is the most likely diagnosis

Retroperitoneal hematoma

What is the term used to describe a salivary gland that presents sonographically with an echogenic foci within a dilated duct producing shadowing

Sialolithiasis

What is a possible complication of a thoracentesis

Pneumothorax

Which of the following best describes sonographic appearance of an abnormal lymph node

Enlarged, hypoechoic mass with absence of echogenic hilum and irregular wall contour

What is the most common scrotal mass

Spermatocele

Why are radial and anti-radial planes preferred for breast imaging

The lactiferous ducts are arranged in a radial pattern, so will be better demonstrated if scanned along the same planes.

What is a ganglion cyst

A fluid-filled mass arising from the tendon found most often on the dorsal aspect of the hand or wrist.

An infant patient presents with a history of a breech birth, asymmetric skinfolds on the legs, and a difference in length between both lower limbs. What tests should be conducted as an initial assessment of developmental dislocation of the hip

Barlow and Ortolani test

Which of the following patient populations is at greater risk of complications from a thoracentesis

Elderly

Sonographic examination demonstrated multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes. The patient indicated having had fever for over a week. What is the most likely cause for the lymphadenopathy

Infection

A 60-year-old male patient presents with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), macroscopic hematuria, and a decrease in the amount of ejaculated fluid. Sonogram demonstrates a hypervascular enlarged prostate gland. What is the most likely diagnosis

Prostate cancer

What is the easiest method for distinguishing the esophagus from a mass

Have patient swallow, saliva can be visualized passing through the esophagus.

In a transverse image of the right lobe of the thyroid gland, what is the most lateral structure typically demonstrated

Internal jugular vein

A sonogram revealed a heterogeneous mass within the scrotum that demonstrates peristalsis. What pathology does this describe

Inguinal hernia

Which of the following statements is false with respect to developmental dysplasia of the infant hip (DDH)

The cause of DDH is thought to be degeneration of the acetabulum caused by maternal hormones.

Which of the following is false with respect to how sonography can be used to demonstrate a foreign body

The vibration of the sound waves will help to dislodge the foreign body.

A 90-year-old patient presents with painless bilateral scrotal swelling over a period of 2 years. What findings should the sonographer anticipate

Thickened scrotal wall with bilateral hydrocele

What are the sonographic findings associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis

Large, hypoechoic mass surrounding the abdominal aorta

How is testicular echotexture described

The testicles are isoechoic to each other and similar to that of the thyroid gland.

Which tendon pathology is described as an anechoic or heterogeneous area within a tendon with refractive shadowing

Complete tendon rupture

How is arterial blood supplied to the thyroid gland

Superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery

If a breast mass is annotated as LT 4:00 1 C, what does this tell you about its location

Left breast, lower outer quadrant, midway from nipple deep to the pectoral muscle

Which of the following terms describes an anechoic, smooth-walled cyst located inferior to the hyoid bone but superior to the thyroid isthmus

Thyroglossal duct cyst

A 6-year-old female patient presents with low-grade fever, mild leukocytosis, complains of right hip pain, and a reluctance to walk. Sonography demonstrated a hypoechoic fluid collection in the right hip joint that measured 7 mm in width. What is the most likely diagnosis

Transient synovitis

In what image is the crus of the diaphragm typically demonstrated on sonography

Transverse image of the kidney

A patient presents with pulmonary edema. On sonography, an area of lung has the same echotexture as the liver but with areas of linear pattern echogenicities. What is the most likely diagnosis

Lung consolidation

A male athlete presented with pain between the heel and the calf. The area was warm to the touch. Sonogram demonstrated a focal thickened hypoechoic area within the tendon with hyperemic flow. What is the most likely diagnosis

Achilles tendonitis

Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of a normal parotid gland

Hyperechoic homogenous tissue that is elliptical in long and round in transverse, anechoic duct may be visualized.

What part of the testicle produces sperm

Seminiferous tubules

Which of the following correctly identifies the path sperm take from origin to the seminal vesicles

Seminiferous tubules > straight tubule > efferent duct > epididymis > ductus deferens > seminal vesicle

What is the most inferior structure in the male pelvis

Bladder

What is the term used to describe a fluid collection around the lung

Pleural effusion

What is the most common cause of acute testicular pain in adults

Epididymitis

What disorder of the scrotum presents with increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone in patients with a history of adrenal hyperplasia

Adrenal rests

What layer of the breast tissue contains the ducts and glandular tissue

Mammary layer

What is the Thompson test used to help diagnose

Achilles tendon rupture

What releases thyroid-stimulating hormone into the bloodstream

Anterior pituitary

What procedure is used to remove fluid from around the lung in order to determine if it has a malignant origin

Diagnostic thoracentesis

What does the sonographic "sandwich sign" describe

Enlarged abdominal nodes surrounding the aorta and the IVC

A 65-year-old male patient presents with nocturia, increased urinary frequency, constant feeling of bladder fullness, and elevated PSA. What is most likely demonstrated on ultrasound

Enlarged diffusely heterogeneous gland with calcifications and cystic changes

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of an enlarged lymph node that is likely benign

Enlarged oval node with decreased echogenicity

Where is the most common location for a retroperitoneal hematoma to occur

Psoas muscle

A patient presents with a painless scrotal mass and elevated hCG levels. On sonographic examination, a solid, hypoechoic mass is demonstrated within the testicle. What is the most likely diagnosis

Seminoma

A 35-year-old male patient presents with infertility and a palpable extratesticular mass on the LT side. Sonogram demonstrates multiple anechoic tubular structures in the LT adjacent to the testicle. What can the sonographer suggest to help solidify the diagnosis

Valsalva maneuver will cause the veins to fill with blood and become more dilated with increased blood flow.