Abdomen: Peritoneum and Peritoneal cavity

Peritoneum

A continuos, glistening, and slippery transparent serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and invests the viscera

Mesentery

A double layer of peritoneum that occurs as a result of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ; is a continuity of the parietal and viscera peritoneum; Provides passageway of NV structures to communicate with organs and the body wall

Pertioneal recess

A fossa or pouch formed by a peritoneal fold

Lesser omentum

A much smaller double layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

Aorta/ IVC

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Greater omentum

A prominent 4 layered peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum; after descending it folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of the transferse colon

Greater

A surgical incision into through the anterolateral abdominal wall enters the _______ sac.

Omental bursa

A.k.a the lesser sac; posterior to the stomach and the liver; permits free movement of the stomach

Sigmoid mesocolon

Attaches th sigmoid colon to the pelvic wall; contains the sigmoid AV, and superior rectal AV

Mesentery proper

Attaches the jejunum and the ileum to the posterior abdominal wall; contains the superior mesenteric AV

Transverse mesocolon

Attaches the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall; contains the middle colic AV

Ascending and Descending Colon

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Infracolic compartment

Compartment of the greater sac that contains the small intestines, ascending and descending colon; Divided in to R and L infracolic spaces.

Supracolic compartment

Compartment of the greater sac that contains the stomach, liver, spleen.

Mesoappendix

Connects mesentery of the ileum to the appendix; contains the appendicular AV

Portal Triad

Consists of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and the bile duct;

Peritoneal Ligament

Consits of a double layer of peritoneum that connects the an organ to another organ or to the abdominal wall

Greater Omentum

Contains the R & L gastroepiploic AV

Bilateral lateral (umbilical) folds

Covers the inferior epigastric vessels

Bilateral Medial (umbilical) folds

Covers the median obliterated umbilical artery

2nd and 3rd parts of the Duodenum

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Mesentery

Double layer, reflection, of visceral peritoneum Connects the intraobdominal organs to the (usually posterior) body wall. Two types include: Dorsal and ventral mesentery.

Esophagus

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Bare Area

Every organ has a _______ which is a portion of the organ that is not covered by peritoneum, allowing the entrance and exit of neurovasculature.

Peritoneal Fluid

Fluid located in the peritoneal space that lubricates the peritoneal surfaces allowing the viscera to move over each other w/o friction and allows movements of digestion

Median (umbilical) fold

From apex of bladder to umbilicus; remnant of fetal urachus; covers the median umbilical ligament

3 parts of the Greater omentum

Gastrophrenic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, gastrocolic ligament

Subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity

Greater and Lesser sacs

2 parts of the lesser omentum

Hepatogastric ligament and the hepatoduodenal liagemnt

Ventral mesentery

Includes the Falciform ligament and the lesser omentum

Dorsal Mesentery

Includes the mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, mesoappendix, and greater omentum

Peritonitis

Infection and inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

Bilateral Kidneys

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Gastrocolic ligament

Largest and Inferior extension of the greater omentum; Ligament that descends anteriorly and inferiorly beyond the transverse colon and then ascends again posteriorly.

Gastrosplenic ligament

Lateral extension of the greater omentum; Ligament between the greater curvature of the stomach and the spleen

SADPUCKER

Mneumonic device that represents the retroperitoneal organs;

Extraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, subperitoneal organs

Organs that are all outside of the peritoneal cavity- only partially covered with peritoneum (usually on one surface)

Intra-peritoneal organs

Organs which are almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum. They are not actually inside of the peritoneal cavity but are projected into it

Pancreas (except the tail)

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Rectum

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Superior recess of omental bursa

Recess located posterior to the liver

Inferior recess

Recess that is located inside of the greater omentum

Peritoneal folds

Reflections of peritoneum that are raised from the body wall by underlying structures such as blood vessels, ducts, and obliterated fetal vessels. Include: Median fold, Bilateral medial folds and bilateral lateral folds

Suprarenal glands

S of SADPUCKER

Fallopian tubes uterus and bladder

Sub peritoneal Organs of the pelvis that are also not fully envaginated by a serous membrane include the ______, _____, and ______.

Gastrophrenic ligament

Superior extension of the greater omentum; Ligament between the greater curvature of the stomach and the diaphragm

Visceral peritoneum

The ______ is stimulated by stretching and chemical irritation.

Parietal peritoneum

The _______ is sensitive to heat, cold, pressure, pain and lacerations

Visceral peritoneum

The insensitive peritoneal membrane that lines abdominal viscera

Hepatogastric ligament

The liver is connect to the stomach by the _______, the membranous portion of the lesser omentum.

Falciform Ligament

The liver is connected to the Anterior abdominal wall by the __________.

Hepatoduodenal ligament

The liver is connected to the duodenum by the __________, the thickened free edge of the lesser omentum, which conducts the portal triad

Greater sac

The main and larger part of the peritoneal cavity; divided into a supra colic and infra colic compartments by the transverse mesocolon and gastrocolic ligament.

males, females

The peritoneal cavity is completely closed in ______. However, in _________ there is a communication pathway in females to the exterior of the body through the uterine tubes, uterine cavity, and vagina

Peritoneal cavity

The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum; contains no rogans but is filled with a thin film of peritoneal fluid

Parietal peritoneum

The sensitive peritoneal membrane that lines the interior of the body wall; receives the neurovasculature supply from the region of the body wall it lines

Superior and inferior recess

Two recesses located in the lesser sac (omental bursa)

Ureters

U of SADPUCKER

The mesentery

______ refers to the small intestine mesentery; however it is subdivided and named respectively to specific parts of the alimentary system- for example, the transverse and sigmoid mesocolon.

Paracolic Gutters

________ allows for free communication between the supra colic and infra colic spaces

Omentum

a double layered extension or fold of peritoneum that passes from the stomach and proximal parts of the duodenum to adjacent organs of the abdominal cavity

Omental foramen

passage or communication between greater and laser sacs