Abdominal ll Test 3
Name the 12 Liver Tests:
1. AST 2. ALT 3. Albumin 4. Urinary 5. Urobilinogen 6. Alkaline Phosphate 7. Bilirubin 8. Prothrombin Time 9. Fecal Urobilinogen 10. Hematocrit 11. Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase 12. Alpha Fetoprotein
Main Hepatitis LFT's
1. Increased AST, ALT 2. Increased Bilirubin 2. Normal to low WBC count
3 Phases of Hepatitis and how long they last.....
1. Incubation Period: Begins 2 weeks after exposure. Lasts 3-12 days. 2. Icteric Phase: Lasts 2-6 weeks 3. Recovery Phase: Resoles 6-8 weeks after exposure
Primary & Late Clinical Signs of Liver Disease
Abdominal pain, don't feel like eating, dyspepsia (indigestion), malaise (fatigue), nausea and vomiting, dark urine, light color stool, bloody or black stool Late signs: itching, jaundice, increasing abdominal girh, unusual weight change
Direct (Unconjugated) Bilirubin increases with....
Biliary obstruction
Urinary Urobilinogen in the urine is a sign of Liver Disease. It is formed by the breakdown of what?
Bilirubin
Liver Damage is defined as.....
Damage to the hepatocytes
___________ (Increased/Decreased) bilrubin produces dark urine.
Dark
___________ (Increased/Decreased) bilirubin produces light stool
Decreased
Fatty Infiltration aka Fatty Liver Disease is common amongst people with...
Diabetes
Name the functions of the Liver
Enzyme Production Digestion Metabolism Storage Detoxificiation
AST's are..
Enzymes found in the body. Normally low. Will increase with liver disease.
The _____ ligament runs concurrently, and is seen extrahepatically:
Falciform Ligament
Falciform Ligament is located ____ to the liver, and divides it into ____ and ____.
Falciform Ligament is located anterior to the liver, and divides it into left and right.
4 Diffuse Liver Disease
Fatty Liver Disease Hepatitis Cirrhosis Portal Hypertension
Grade 3 of Fatty Liver Disease (Severe)
Greatly Increased echogenicity Even more Increased Attenuation Poor visualization of diaphragm and vessels
Bilirubin is the breakdown of what...
Hemoglobin
Indirect (Conjugated) Bilirubin increases with....
Hepatocellular disease
A decrease of PT will ______ (increase/decrease) the clotting time?
Increase
ALT is an enzyme made by the liver that will ____ with liver disease
Increase
Grade 1 of Fatty Liver Disease (Mild)
Increased echogenicity Slightly Increased Attenuation Normal visualization of diaphragm and vessels
Causes of Liver Disease
Infection, injury, drugs, and can be genetic
Causes of Hepatomegaly
Inflammation, early biliary obstruction, Congestion, tumors, cysts
Left Hepatic Vein divides the _____ lobe into ______ and _____.
Left Hepatic Vein divides the LEFT lobe into MEDIAL and LATERAL.
Ligamentum Teres divides the _____ side of the liver into ____ and ____ sections
Ligamentum Teres divides the LEFT side of the liver into MEDIAL and LATERAL sections
Ligamentum Venosum is between the ____ lobe of the liver, and the _____ lobe.
Ligamentum Venosum is between the LEFT lobe of the liver, and the CAUDATE lobe.
Main Lobar Fissure separates the _____ and _____ lobes of the liver
Main Lobar Fissure separates the Right and left lobes of the liver
Middle Hepatic Vein ___ and ___ lobe.
Middle Hepatic Vein RIGHT and LEFTlobe.
The Main Lobar Fissure contains which Hepatic Vein?
Middle! *Trick* Main = Middle M & M
Grade 2 of Fatty Liver Disease (Moderate)
Moderately Increased echogenicity Slightly Increased Attenuation Normal visualization of diaphragm and vessels
Sonographic appearance of Cirrhosis
Portal Venous Obstruction Liver Failure Coarse Echo pattern Increased Echogencity Nodularity Enlarged Caudate Lobe Small Left and Right Lobe
Right Intersegmental Fissure contains which Hepatic Vein?
Right Hepatic Vein Right and Right!
Right Hepatic Vein divides the liver into ____ and ____.
Right Hepatic Vein divides the liver into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR.
Right Intersegmental Fissure divides the ____ lobe into _____ and _______ segments.
Right Intersegmental Fissure divides the RIGHT lobe into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR segments.
Ligamentum Teres is also known as
Round Ligament
The Main Lobar Fissure connects the _____ and the ____.
The Main Lobar Fissure connects the GB and the IVC.
Hepatitis Sonographic Signs
Usually be normal in appearance Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly Diffuse Decrease in Echoes Increase Echoes of Portal Triads GB wall thickened
Hematocrit _______ (decreases/increases) severe liver disease
decreases
LDH is an enzyme that produces....
energy
Alpha Fetoprotein is protein produced by a ______, and is elevated in pregnant women with liver disease.
fetus
Prothrombin Time is a blood test that measures _________________________________ and predicts the severity of the liver disease
how long is takes for blood to clot
Albumin is the...
protein of human blood
LDH levels (rises/decreases) in response to cell damage
rises
