Abdominal Sonography Review: Quiz #8: ADRENAL GLANDS

Which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream? Endocrine glands Exocrine glands

Endocrine glands

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "flight-orfight" response? Epinephrine and norepinephrine Cortisol and androgens Cortisol and aldosterone ACTH and aldosterone

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of: 1 year 2 years 4 years 5 years

5 years

Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands? Epinephrine Cortisol Aldosterone ACTH

ACTH

A 45-year-old obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of: Addison cyst Adrenal hemorrhage Adrenal adenoma Neuroblastoma

Adrenal adenoma

An abdominal sonogram is requested for a new born in the intensive care unit. The new born is suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney, you visualize a triangular-shaped, heterogeneous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis? Adrenal hemorrhage Adrenal adenoma Pheochromocytoma Cushing syndrome

Adrenal hemorrhage

Which of the following mass-like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes? Adrenal adenomas Adrenal rests Pheochromocytomas Neuroblastomas

Adrenal rests

The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except: Cortisol Androgens Aldosterone Adrenaline

Adrenaline

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body? Epinephrine Cortisol Aldosterone ACTH

Aldosterone

Which plays a part in the development of male characteristics? Androgens Cortisol Aldosterone Hematocrit

Androgens

What is the cause of Cushing disease? Anterior pituitary gland tumor Adrenal hemorrhage Neuroblastoma Hyperaldosteronism

Anterior pituitary gland tumor

All of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma except: Bradycardia Uncontrollable hypertension Excessive sweating Tremors

Bradycardia

Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla? Cortisol Aldosterone Norepinephrine Androgens

Norepinephrine

The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia, and tremors is the: Neuroblastoma Adrenal hematoma Oncocytoma Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma

The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the: IVC Abdominal aorta Celiac trunk Left renal vein

Left renal vein

All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome except: Adrenal adenoma Hypertension Excessive thirst Thinning arms and legs

Thinning arms and legs

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n): Hyperechoic mass Hypoechoic mass Anechoic mass Complex mass

Hyperechoic mass

What is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood? Hypokalemia Hypopigmentation Hyponatremia Hypodisuria

Hyponatremia

The right suprarenal vein drains directly into the: IVC Abdominal aorta Celiac trunk Left renal vein

IVC

Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except: Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome Hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland Acute drop in hematocrit

Acute drop in hematocrit

Which of the following has a clinical finding of bronzing of the skin? Addison disease Cushing disease Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome

Addison disease

Which of the following is also referred to as primary adrenocortical insufficiency? Conn syndrome Addison disease Cushing disease Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Addison disease

Which of the following is associated with hyponatremia? Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome Pheochromocytoma Addison disease

Addison disease

Upon sonographic examination of the right upper quadrant in a 32- year-old female patient complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents a(n): Adrenal metastatic lesion Pheochromocytoma Neuroblastoma Adrenal cyst

Adrenal cyst

Which of the following is associated with hypernatremia? Cushing syndrome Conn syndrome Pheochromocytoma Addison disease

Conn syndrome

The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is: Edwards syndrome Cushing syndrome Juliet syndrome Hirschsprung syndrome

Cushing syndrome

With active internal hemorrhage, the patient's hematocrit will: Increase Decrease Become stable Not change

Decrease

The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called: Glisson capsule Adrenalocortical fascia Gerota fascia Glisson fascia

Gerota fascia

When internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value is most useful for a sonographer to evaluate? Hematocrit Blood urea nitrogen Androgenic hormone Alkaline phosphatase

Hematocrit

A localized collection of blood describes a: Hemangioma Hematoma Hypertoma Hydrocele

Hematoma

The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is Hyperechoic mass Heterogeneous mass with calcifications Anechoic mass Hypoechoic mass

Heterogeneous mass with calcifications

Conn syndrome results from: Low levels of cortisol High levels of cortisol High levels of aldosterone Low levels of epinephrine

High levels of aldosterone

Which of the following would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings? Conn syndrome Addison disease Adrogenism Hypercortisolism

Hypercortisolism

All of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except: Adrenal adenoma Neuroblastoma Pheochromocytoma Adrenal hematoma

Neuroblastoma

The most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the: Hepatoblastoma Hypernephroma Pheochromocytoma Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma

Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? Posterior and lateral to the pancreas Medial to the lower pole of the right kidney Posterior and lateral to the IVC Medial to the crus of the diaphragm

Posterior and lateral to the IVC

The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the: Celiac trunk Subphrenic arteries Suprarenal arteries Superior mesenteric artery

Suprarenal arteries

The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except the: Suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries Suprarenal branches of the aorta Suprarenal branches of the renal arteries Suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

Suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus. The adrenal glands are exocrine glands. The adrenal glands are composed of a medulla and cortex. The adrenal glands may also be referred to as the suprarenal glands.

The adrenal glands are exocrine glands.

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: The adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus. The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney. The right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney.