Abdominal Sonography Review: Quiz: #9: ABDOMINAL VASCULATURE
An AAA is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds: 10 mm 2.5 mm 3 cm 2 mm
3 cm
An outpatient with a history of back pain and hypertension presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal aortic sonogram. Sonographically, you visualize a 6 cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an echogenic linear structure noted gently swaying in the aortic lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis? Aortic rupture Chronic aortic aneurysm Aortic dissection Aortic rupture
Aortic dissection
What branch and its tributaries of the abdominal aorta appears as a "seagull" in the transverse plane? SMA Hepatic artery Celiac artery Common iliac artery
Celiac artery
The left gonadal vein drains directly into the: IVC Superior mesenteric vein Left renal vein Left iliac vein
Left renal vein
What vessel can be often noted coursing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse scan plane? Left renal vein Left renal artery Right renal vein Right renal artery
Left renal vein
What vessel travels directly anterior to the left renal artery? Left renal vein Hepatic artery Right renal vein Superior mesenteric vein
Left renal vein
The hepatic artery should demonstrate: High-resistance flow Low-resistance flow
Low-resistance flow
A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency is: Wilms syndrome Meckel-Gruber syndrome Marfan syndrome Kleinman syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Which of the following statements about the abdominal aorta is not true? Most aneurysms located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms. The abdominal aorta is located just left of the midline. The most common location of an AAA is infrarenal. The abdominal aorta is considered to be retroperitoneal in location.
Most aneurysms located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms.
An aneurysm associated with infection is termed: Recanalized Saccular Fusiform Mycotic
Mycotic
All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except: Right gastric artery Hepatic artery Splenic artery Left gastric artery
Right gastric artery
Which of the following vessels show a different flow pattern after eating? Celiac artery Splenic artery Renal artery SMA
SMA
Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct? Hepatic artery Left gastric artery SMA Splenic artery
Splenic artery
The main portal vein is created by the union of the: Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein Superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein Splenic vein and inferior mesenteric vein Splenic vein and gastroduodenal vein
Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
Which of the following statements about the IVC is not true? The diameter of the IVC is variable. Respiration can affect the size of the IVC. The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta. The IVC is considered retroperitoneal in location
The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta.
Which of the following is not true about the abdominal aorta? The abdominal bifurcates into the common iliac arteries. The proximal aorta is situated more anterior than the distal aorta. The aorta has a thicker tunica media than the IVC. The third major branches of the abdominal aorta are the renal arteries.
The proximal aorta is situated more anterior than the distal aorta.
The outer wall layer of a vessel is the: Tunica media Tunica intima Tunica rugae Tunica adventitia
Tunica adventitia
The inner wall layer of a vessel, closest to the passing blood, is the: Tunica media Tunica intima Tunica rugae Tunica adventitia
Tunica intima
The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the: Renal veins Superior mesenteric vein Hepatic veins Celiac axis
Hepatic veins
The aorta originates at the: Left atrium Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle
Left ventricle
The IVC terminates at the: Common iliac veins Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle
Right atrium
Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of: Budd-Chiari syndrome Marfan syndrome Left-sided heart failure Right-sided heart failure
Right-sided heart failure
The diameter of the IVC should never exceed: 1.5 cm 2.5 cm 3.5 cm 8 mm
2.5 cm
A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of Marfan syndrome. The sonographic evaluation reveals a linear echo within the aortic lumen that extends from the celiac axis to the iliac arteries. Color Doppler reveals flow throughout the aorta on both sides of the linear echo. The patient has had no surgeries, and there is no AAA. What does the linear echo most likely represent? Calcific thrombus Intimal flap EVAR Aortic filter
Intimal flap
Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes: Marfan syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Morrison syndrome Budd-Chiari syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Which of the following would most likely yield a high-resistance flow pattern? Celiac artery Common iliac artery Splenic artery Right renal artery
Common iliac artery
Clinical findings of an AAA include all of the following except: Lower extremity pain Back pain Abdominal bruit Elevated hematocrit
Elevated hematocrit
Which of the following would have a pulsatile, triphasic blood flow pattern? Renal veins Hepatic veins Gonadal veins Common iliac veins
Hepatic veins
What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the SMA? High resistance Low resistance
Low resistance
In the sagittal plane, you recognize a circular, anechoic vascular structure posterior to the IVC. Which of the following would this structure be most likely? Abdominal aorta Left renal vein Right renal artery SMA
Right renal artery
The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is the: SMA Celiac artery Renal arteries Hepatic artery
SMA
What abnormality would the failure of an EVAR to isolate an aneurysm from circulation most likely results in? Endoleak Aortic dissection Pulmonary embolism Deep venous thrombosis
Endoleak
Which of the following vessels would most likely yield a high resistance flow pattern? Celiac artery Common hepatic artery Renal artery Fasting SMA
Fasting SMA
The most common shape of an AAA is: Saccular Bulbous True Fusiform
Fusiform
What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence? Left renal vein Inferior mesenteric vein Right renal vein Celiac vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
The first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the: SMA Celiac artery Renal arteries Hepatic artery
Celiac artery
Which of the following is not a section of the IVC? Postrenal Pancreatic Prerenal Hepatic
Pancreatic
What flow pattern would the postprandial SMA yield in small bowel ischemia? High resistance Low resistance
High resistance
Which vessel would be the shortest in length? Right renal vein Right renal artery Left renal vein Left renal artery
Right renal vein
A patient presents with unexplained abdominal pain for a vascular assessment of the SMA. Sonographically, you note that the patient's SMA yields a persistent high-resistive flow pattern. This is indicative of: Crohn disease Intussusception Bowel obstruction Small bowel ischemia
Small bowel ischemia