ABeka 10th grade Biology Test 7

William Harvey

British physiologist noted for his studies of the heart and the circulation of blood

speciation

Changes within a particular kind of organism due to variations in the gene pool are called ?

Andreas Vesalius

anatomist who wrote a monumental book called Fabrica ; considered the Father of Anatomy

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch naturalist who devoted his life to microscopy

control

Francesco Redi demonstrated that maggots do not arise from rotting meat by performing an experiment involving meat in three jars : two jars covered with different materials and one jar open to the air . In this experiment , the uncovered jar was the group .

Aristotle

Greek philosopher who taught that intellect is the highest form of reality

Galen

Greek physician and anatomist who lived in Rome ; was the absolute authority in human anatomy for over a thousand years

transitional forms

Hypothetical fossils that would connect one kind of organism another kind by a series of tiny steps would be

The fossil record is predicted to show a simple - to - complex sequence

In the fossil record , fossils of " simple " organisms are sometimes found on top of fossils more complex " organisms . Why does this pose a problem for evolution ?

inductive

Reasoning from specific events in nature to their general causes is ? reasoning.

Pliny the Elder

Roman general who wrote a book called Natural History

analogy

Similarities among organisms that are designed for the same environment but are different in internal structure demonstrate

Georges Cuvier

The French scientist who founded the science of comparative anatomy was ___ ? ___ .

spontaneous generation

The belief that living things can arise from nonliving things is called ___ ? ___ .

embryonic

The false hypothesis , proposed by Ernst Haeckel , that states that the development of an unborn child demonstrates a " replay " of evolution from simple invertebrates to man is

Archaeopteryx

The fossil bird with unusual features that is often incorrectly cited as a missing link between birds and reptiles is ___ ? ___ .

geologic column ( or geologic time chart )

The hypothetical simple - to - complex sequence of fossils based circular reasoning is the

cell theory

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and cell products that all cells come from preexisting cells is the ___ ? ___ .

punctuated equilibrium

The idea that evolution occurs in sudden spurts followed by long periods without noticeable change is ?

scientism

The idea that science can provide answers for all problems in life is

natural selection ( or survival of the fittest

The principle that animals or plants well suited to their environment are more likely to survive than organisms poorly suited to their environment is called ? .

radiometric

The process of assigning " ages " to rocks and fossils based on the breakdown of certain elements into other elements is punctuated dating .

fossils

The remains or impressions of plants , animals , or humans preserved in rock are called ?.

the scientific method

The special problem - solving method employed by scientists is ___ ? ___

paleontology

The study of fossils is

Anaximander

early Greek naturalist who advocated spontaneous generation as the origin of life

Nebraska man

early human " that was actually an extinct pig

Ramapithecus

extinct ape , now thought to be similar to modern orangutans , that was once considered a human ancestor

index

fossil used by evolutionists to identify the " age " of the rock layer containing it is a ( n ) ? fossil .

Cro - Magnon man

fossils of cave - dwelling people virtually indistinguishable from modern humans ; named after the cave in which the first remains were found

Homo erectus

group that includes the controversial " Java man " and " Peking man " and other fossils that are fully human

Neanderthal man

human fossils characterized by heavy brows , sloping foreheads , powerful physiques , and larger brains than modern humans ; named after the valley in which the first remains were found

Homo habilis

small , chimpanzee - like creature regarded by evolutionists as nearly human by creationists as a mixture of human and ape fossils ; name means " handy man "

law of biogenesis

tentative The idea that living things can come only from other living things is the

hypothesis

tentative solution to a scientific problem is

australopithecine

vrtw group of extinct apes that includes " Lucy " and the " Taung child " ; name means " southern ape "

Evolution cannot be observed or tested by experiment

Which of the following statements best explains why evolution is not true science ?

Piltdown man

" early human " that was actually a deliberate hoax

Essay : The following are two biblical presuppositions that are essential for science : 1. There is a cause , or reasonable explanation , for every effect , or event , in creation . 2. There is something real to be discovered and understood about creation For each presupposition , explain why the presupposition is important and how scientific investigation would be harmed if the presupposition were rejected .

1. The first presupposition is important because science depends nature being governed by a set of laws i.e. , it is predictable ] . If the initial conditions are the same , the outcome should also be the same . Without this presupposition , one cannot expect that experiments will be repeatable [ i.e. , that repeating the same experiment will produce consistent results ] . Scientific laws , which express cause and effect in nature , could not exist . 2. The second presupposition is important because science depends on the laws of nature having a real , physical existence [ i.e. , outside of man ] . The laws of nature are the same for all scientists [ i.e. , the laws do not come from human reason and do not depend upon human thought and observation ] . Without this presupposition , one cannot expect the laws of nature to be consistent for all observers . Different scientists could get different results for identical experiments . [ The results would depend on each scientist's own reasoning , thoughts , and observations about how nature works . ]

dependent variable.

A factor observed or measured to determine the results of an experiment is

controlled

An experiment in which all factors are identical except the one being tested is a ? experiment

coelacanth

An unusual lobe - finned fish that was erroneously regarded as the ancestor of amphibians is the

There are two independent variables

Sophia is designing an experiment to determine how caffeine affects the growth of roses To do this , she plans to use rose bushes planted next to her house . She will water the bushes on the north side of the house with plain tap water , and she will water those west side of the house with tap water that has caffeine powder added . She will record number and diameter of the roses on each bush . Why is this not a good experiment

eugenics

The " science , " founded by some of Darwin's followers , of selectively breeding humans to produce a " master race " is ?

William Paley

The 18th - century British theologian who argued that living things show clear evidence of design was ?

Charles Darwin

The British naturalist who wrote The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man was ___ ? ___

Cambrian explosion

The sudden appearance of living things of great variety in the fossil record , showing no evidence of evolution , is the

Most of the " horse ancestors " in the fossil record are within the range of variation modern horses .

Which of the following statements best explains a problem with the horse series ?