Abnormal Chapter13 Personality disorders
DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be "on" or "off." In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a:
"dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on
As part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual thoughts, track the accuracy of "magical" predictions, and reconnect with the world and with their limitations. The diagnoses of these clients would MOST likely be in which broad category of personality disorder?
"odd"
"Let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system." Someone saying this would MOST likely favor which approach to classifying personality disorders?
A dimensional approach
low reliability and low validity
Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the " odd" cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type, Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "dramatic" cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when that variety of structured interview is used, one would say the structured interview has:
Which of the following well known people appers to have displayed symptoms of antisocial personality disorder
Bernie Madoff
Of the following statement, which most accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM-5 categories of personality disorder?
Individuals do not necessarily have to have similar personalities to receive the dame diagnosis
A client is searching for the best treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives?
No they should be used along with psychotherapy
Only 23 percent of adults report openly expressing their anger. Should they?
No, Ironically, venting appers to make people angrier.
A friend of yours says, " A 15-year-old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder."Your most accurate reply would be
No, the student is too young for that diagnosis
All of the following are problems in the use of DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders except
The criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever are used
If you believe that personality disorders are best understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with ;
The dimensional approach
Which of the following statements best represents current knowledge of the development of antisocial personality disorder
The focus of the field is more on feelings of mass murder than on their diagnoses
Which of the following would most clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder?
an individual has difficulity controlling internal emotions / parents mislabeled those emotions
Which of the following has experienced "triggering"
an individual who is prompted to injure himself intentionally after watching someone else do it.
Which of the following is not an important part of dialectical behavior therapy?
antipsychotic drugs
One reason that personality disorders are difficult to treat is that
are frequently unaware they have a problem
Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant personality disorder usually:
are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships
A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation?
behavioral
A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase his or her number of social contacts per day, the thpersonat the least, must greet others with the sentence Hello, how are you doing most likely the terapist has which theoretical background?
behavioral
Group therapy is a good option for those with dependent personality disorder; they'll be able to observe others' coping skills and model them." This statement would most likely be made by a therapist having which of the following theoretical perspectives/
behavioral
giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. this is most like a _____ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder
behavioral
The fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling parental conflict and aggressiveness provides support for:
behavioral theory
a young boy is constantly told by his parents to "be a man" whenever he is in conflict with friends. in turn, his parents themselves often act aggressively toward each other, and toward him. the theorist who would be best able to explain an adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for this boy would be
behavioral theory
There is a new game called "Moods" where one acts out the mood listed on a card. Being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _____ might use for those with schizoid disorders.
behavioral therapists
Assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or "con" others. This outcome would most strongly support which theoretical position?
biological
A client has enlarged brain ventricles and a measurable loss of gray matter. These symptoms ae:
biological and most likely is schizotypal personality disorder
The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological emotional or physiological states is characteristic of both:
borderline personality and eating disorders
"That personality disorder has become so common; I encounter it almost every day in the emergency room." Most likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder?
borderline personality disorder
"That's it!" says your friend, the psychotherapist. " I can't work with a client,. As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all hours of the day. Most likely, this is a client with:
borderline personality disorder
Dr. Marsha Linehan, the developer of dialectical behavior therapy, would have diagnosed her young adult self with:
borderline personality disorder
Gort's parents never quite liked him. they probably did not want children in the first place. he just was not accepted. it was clear early in school that he had low opinion of himself. he also did not know how to interact with the other children. now he cuts himself and has been to the ER several times. this is a description of the possible development of
borderline personality disorder
Transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. His history showed other self-destructive behaviors and recklessness. MOST likely, if the man is diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will be:
borderline personality disorder
"The problem is that they assume they can't take care of themselves, so they think others have to meet their needs. This pattern of thinking is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic personality disorder. A psychologist from which of the following perspectives would agree most strongly with this quote
cognitive
A person experiencing paranoid personality disorders frequently says thing like "You've got to get them before they get you," and "People have been sinners since the Garden of Eden. If these saying reflect maladaptive assumptions the person had about people in general, the theorist who would be least surprised would have which theoretical position
cognitive
An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty developing adequate language skills . These findings would make the most sense to a theorist with which background
cognitive
The type of therapist most likely to help people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder to believe they are not helpless, and to teach them better thinking skills is:
cognitive
According to current research, if a person living in the US is distrustful of both lawyers and congressional member, that type of person is:
common most people in the US distrust both lawyers and congressional members
Biologically speaking, if on wanted to treat antisocial personality disorder, one would want to _____________________ the individual with the disorder
decrease the anxiety level of the individual with the disorder
"Be loyal to your family was what the child heard all the time along with You shouldn't and can't do it on your own, so don't even try," A behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be most likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood?
dependent
A person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and clingy is most likely to qualify for a diagnosis of
dependent personality disorder
if parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of
dependent personality disorder
A friend asks your advice about the best therapy to use for treating borderline personality disorder. Your best answer is:
dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective
The type of therapy that generally provides the lest help for those with schizoid personality disorder is:
drug therapy
According to psychodynamic theorists, aniortant factor in the development of avoidant personality disorder is:
early experience of shame
What differentiates normal personality characteristics from personality disorders
extreme and dysfunctional
The category of "odd personality disorders includes the traits of
extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities
When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline personality disorder, those patients, compared to patients receiving other forms of therapy, make:
far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often
Which of the following is most characteristic of mass murderers
feelings of persecution and desire for revenge
A belief by someone that the CNN anchor is talking about an event pertaining to that individual in a personal way may reflect
ideas of reference
Cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on :
increasing the clients tolerance of emotional discomfort and building up his or her self-image
People with avoidant personal disorder have difficulity -------- relationships, while people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty ------ relationships
initiating; ending
Cognitive theorists believe that because of their difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues ., those with schizoid personalities are slow to develop
language and motor skills
If instruments cannot be processed immediately, what should be done with them?
less categorical and more a matter of degree
According to DSM-5 a personality disorder must "deviate markedly from the expectations of a person's culture." this implies that different cultures may not see some behaviors as symptoms of personality disorders. What does the research in this area show?
little multicultural research has been conducted
schizotypal personality disorders differ from "odd" personality disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and:
mood disorders
A among Hispanic Americans, the rates for borderline personality disorder for women and men are about the same. Compared to many other cultural groups in the United States, this finding is:
more women than men
Which of the following statements regarding the treatments of paranoid personality disorder os most accurate
most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding antisocial personality disorder?
most who have it are not treated and most who are treated are not helped much
Although lying, even compulsive lying, is not considered a psychological disorder, it is sometimes characteristic of people with:
narcissistic
The "flower children" of the 1960 and 1970s have sometimes been called the "me" generation, reflection the supposed self-centered individualism of the time. If this is true a sociocultural theorist would predict a larger than usual percentage of which kind of personality disorder among the aging "me" generation
narcissistic
"Beatlemania" gripped the United States in the 1960s when the British rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group. These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristics of:
histrionic personality disorder
" I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often, Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be:
narcissistic personality disorder
The personality disorder that is characterized by the need for undying love and admiration is:
narcissistic personality disorder
Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing:
narcissistic personality disorder
A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback most likely , the client is experiencing:
narcissistic personality disorder and will n ot make much progress in therapy
The five traits to be included in future revisions of the DSM-5 that utilize dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorder are:
negative affectivity, detachment. detachment antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism.
"You had one eye in the mirror as you watched yourself / You're so vain, you probably think this song is about you/ You're so vain...sang by Carly Simon in the 1973 #1 hit "You're So Vain. " If the subject of the song were diagnosed with a personality disorder, which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?
histrionic personality disorder
A person constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it most likely would be:
histrionic personality disorder
When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of:
histrionic personality disorder
"It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder." This statement most likely would be make by someone from which of the following theoretical perspectives?
psychodynamic
The theorist who describes schizoid personality disorders as developing from coping with parental rejection by avoiding relationships represents the;
psychodynamic theorists particularly object relations theorists
The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is most like a ______________ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder
psychosynamic
It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder arises form an early childhood fixation. Which type of psychologist would most likely have mad that statement?
psychotherapist
Which of the following have sociocultural theorists suggested as cause for the emergence of borderline personality disorder?
rapid social change
The authors of DSM-5 have designed their own dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders for possible inclusion in future revisions of the DSM. The idea is that individuals whos traits significantly impair their functioning should receive a diagnosis of:
rate the degree of dysfunctional caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders
A person who is lest likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from:
schizoid personality disorder
Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting:
schizoid personality disorders
An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. That individual is most likely to have a parent or sibling who has:
schizophrenia
The disorder that appears to be most closely related to schizotypal personality disorder is:
schizophrenia
digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of
schizotypal
A person who does poorly on a task called backward masking is most likely to experiencing
schizotypal personality disorder
when Selina sees a report of a train wreck on TV, she thinks it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day. she takes the bus instead. if she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is most likely
schizotypal personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder seems most closely related to:
social anxiety disorder
Which of following is true regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder ( an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
some people with obsessive-compulsive personality also suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder
phrenologist
someone assess personality by feeling bumps and indentations on a person head
What aspect of dialectical behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic theory?
the emphasis on the patient
you might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when
there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness
What is a common reason on for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality.
they may attempt suicide or other wise hurt themselves
Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated:
too positively in early years
The parents of those with schizoid disorder are most likely to have been:
unaccepting
With the help of a therapist, a client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. The client's behavior is:
uncommon, most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, person most likely received cognitive therapy
Should drugs be used in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder?
yes, in low doses Antipsychotics appear to have helped
A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnoses. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are:
neither reliable nor valid
A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents and friends, for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend and on an academic major. This student's behavior is
normal for that of a high school student
One similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they tend:
not to have close ties to others
A patient receiving dialectical behavior therapy(DBT) for borderline personality disorder experiences an emotion that he or she realizes is inappropriate. Immediately after the patient acts in a very different, appropriate way This DBT procedure is called
opposite action
Studies of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder show that
over 1/2 attempted suicide at least once, and about 10% succeeded
Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:
paranoid personality disorder
If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a "typical" example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:
periods of very high anxiety
The enduring pattern of inner thoughts and emotions and outward behaviors that are unique to each individual is termed
personality
The consistencies of one's characteristics are called
personality traits
Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder mainly because group therapy provides
practice in social interaction
The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that:
problematic personality traits are either present or absent, displayed or not
An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, it is MOST likely either:
Antisocial personality disorder
The client scores low on extroversion and agreeableness, but high on neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to me. The therapist being quotes is using what instrument to make the diagnosis?
Big Five Personality test
Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Lisa's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder?
Borderline personality
An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. this person's diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders?
Borderline personality disorder
The occurrence of two or more disorders in the same person
Comorbidity
The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid disorder in that
Schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone while paranoid personality disorders ae alone because of suspicousness
The strong relationship between antisocial pesonality disorder and substances abuse means that:
There are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder
Which of the following statement is not generally true of those with antisocial personality disorder?
They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children
A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being, but how careless he is about other's safety." Your most accurate reply would be
You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality are
Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. The shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. He showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several "successful" proposals such as this in towns across America in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from:
antisocial personality disorder
Sarah respects none of society's boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the consequences of her actions. She MOST probably experiences:
antisocial personality disorder
Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property and truancy before 15
antisocial personality dosrder
Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing:
avoidant personality disorder
If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing:
avoidant personality disorder
Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he:
displayed a combo of disorders features from many personality disorders
Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders most commonly diagnosed?
dramatic
Obessive-compulsive personality disorder is most commObsessiveon in
men with jobs
A therapist treating a client diagnosed with personality came up with the following analysis; the parents probably did not want children in the first place; the child was not accepted; the child developed low self-esteem, dependency an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's orientation is probably:
object relations therapy
One especially good reason to use a form of group therapy in the treatment of dependent personality disorder is that:
observe others coping skills and model appropriate behaviors and expression of feelings to one another
In the Unites States, most teenagers have cell phones with text capability. Which of the following most accurately describes adult cell phone usage?
obsessive - complusive
The TV show Saturday Night once featured a skit involving an "Anal Retentive Carpenter," who had to keep his tools and work materials in jut the right places arranged just so he was very anxious anytime tools and materials were not just as he wanted them. the most appropriate diagnosis for the carpenter would be:
obsessive - compulsive
The TV show Monk features a detective who is seldom happy, has few good friends, insists on a very rigid order and way in which he must do things, and frequently has difficulty making up his mind about what to do . If he were diagnoses with a personality disorder, it would most likely be:
obsessive-compulsive
Which of the following statements is most accurate in terms of current research findings?
odd personality and schizophrenia are related to one another
Currently, the "Big-Five" approach to personality disorders is:
the recipient of recognition with a great amount of research being done on it.
A therapists states. I seldom use drugs when I treat clients with borderline personality disorder. The therapist most likely says this because
the risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose
Dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes all of the following Except:
the use of antipsychotic medications in an out patient setting