Abnormal Psych Ch 3

A researcher is interested in studying the effect of orange juice on test performance. She will evaluate the test performance of students who drink the juice a half-hour before the test against the performance of students who receive nothing to drink before the test. The groups are equivalent in terms of demographics, intelligence, and prior college classes. In this example, the orange juice would be the A. experimental variable. B. comparison control. C. experimental control. D. control variable.

A

Contingency management involves changing the relationship between A. a behavior and its consequences. B. what one thinks and how one acts. C. one behavior and another. D. a behavior and the stimulus that triggers it.

A

Jason is attending a group in which he is learning specific information and skills that are designed to improve his psychological well-being. Jason is probably attending a(n) A. psychoeducational group. B. Gestalt therapy group. C. self-help group. D. encounter group.

A

Rogers viewed three qualities as essential in a therapist. Which of the following is one of those qualities? A. empathy B. sympathy C. knowledge about different therapies D. intelligence

A

The discovery of both a specific biological cause and an effective cure for general paresis A. has not been followed by similar success stories. B. has been followed by many more similar successes. C. was finally achieved just within the past few years. D. was never achieved despite decades of scientific study.

A

The inmates earned credits toward purchases of candy, snacks and magazines in the prison "store" by observing rules such as bed-making and lights out times. Failure to follow rules results in a loss of credits earned. What technique is in place here? A. token economy B. aversion therapy C. classical conditioning D. attribution retraining

A

The technique of flooding in the treatment of phobia uses what learning principle? A. extinction B. relaxation C. contingency management D. gradual exposure

A

What factor best predicts when treatment is more or less likely to be effective? A. the nature of the client's problems B. the experience of the therapist C. the orientation of the therapist D. how much therapy the client can afford

A

What is the major effect of antipsychotic medications given to people who do not suffer from schizophrenia? A. The drugs send them into a long, groggy sleep. B. The drugs cause delusions and hallucinations. C. The people become addicted. D. The drugs have no effect.

A

What term is used to describe programs intended to reduce the adverse, indirect consequences of mental illness? A. tertiary prevention B. secondary prevention C. primary prevention D. quartile prevention

A

Your friend is considering seeking psychotherapy and asks your advice on the type of therapist she should consider. Based on the results of the Consumer Reports survey, what would you tell her? A. Consumer satisfaction was equal with the three major types of mental health professionals. B. Clinical psychologists were viewed as most effective because of their broad training. C. Social workers who emphasize family dynamics were generally viewed as the most effective. D. Psychiatrists were viewed as most effective due to their ability to prescribe medication.

A

Your friend told you that she was a member of the placebo group in a recently completed study of a new drug. What is your friend likely to have experienced? A. She received a treatment not thought to be specifically effective in treating her disorder. B. She received no treatment or was put on a waiting list. C. She showed no improvement. D. She received a treatment specifically designed for her disorder.

A

A research study produces a negative correlation between hours of sleep and test performance. Given this, what do we know about the relationship of the variables? A. There is a causal relationship between the variables. B. As hours of sleep decrease, test performance increases. C. As hours of sleep increase, test performance increases. D. There is no relationship between the variables.

B

As a community psychologist you have been hired to design a violence prevention program for a local school district. Your target population includes teenagers who have been convicted of violent crimes. Therefore your program will, by necessity, involve A. forensic prevention. B. tertiary prevention. C. secondary prevention. D. primary prevention.

B

Couples therapy focuses on _______. A. treating individual issues of each partner B. resolving conflicts and promoting mutual satisfaction C. instructing couples on how to sever the relationship D. uncovering relationships the couple had with their parents

B

Dr. Mallord empathizes with her patient, but is passive and nondirective in the sessions. She does encourage the development of emotional awareness. What general technique is Dr. Mallord using to treat her patient? A. cognitive-behavioral B. humanistic C. biological D. psychodynamic

B

During electroconvulsive therapy, electric current is passed through the brain in order to _______. A. induce a form of amnesia B. produce a convulsion C. create a new consciousness D. hypnotize the patient

B

For an assignment you are asked to create a poster that shows the similarities and differences between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy. When you are finished, your poster shows that psychodynamic therapy is A. more focused on the id. B. more directive. C. likely to take longer to complete treatment. D. likely to focus on original Freudian theory.

B

Programs designed to focus on the early detection of emotional problems in order to keep them from becoming more serious are forms of A. holistic prevention. B. secondary prevention. C. tertiary prevention. D. primary prevention.

B

Research comparing behavioral and psychoanalytic therapies has found that A. behavior therapists offer fewer interpretations. B. clients see the therapist-client relationship as most important to outcome in both types of therapy. C. therapists' empathy only matters in psychoanalytic therapy. D. psychodynamic therapy is more effective with severe cases.

B

The innovation in Freudian theory that emphasizes the person's way of dealing with reality is known as A. behavior therapy. B. ego analysis. C. countertransference therapy. D. transference therapy.

B

What is meant by the term "empirically supported treatment"? A. It means that a patient is able to uncover their unconscious desires. B. It means that a treatment has demonstrated its ability to improve patients' symptoms. C. It means that the patient goes through catharsis. D. It means that Dr. Phil has used the therapy.

B

Free association refers to A. the right of patients to associate with other patients. B. a defense mechanism seen in personality disorders. C. talking freely about whatever thoughts cross the mind. D. the effectiveness of psychoactive medications.

C

Joseph Breuer's method of catharsis provided relief for psychological symptoms by helping patients to A. assess the irrational basis of their beliefs. B. overcome their anxiety through using systematic desensitization. C. release previously unexpressed feelings. D. open up under the influence of "truth serum."

C

Mental health professionals who strive to meet the mental health needs of members of various ethnic minority groups need to be sensitive to the challenge of acculturation, which refers to A. the preservation of each group's unique customs and values. B. how members of each group understand themselves in terms of their own culture. C. the process of learning and adopting the cultural patterns of the majority group. D. depreciating of the customs and values of the majority group.

C

Therapy outcome studies typically have a no-treatment control group, but results from such studies can be difficult to interpret because A. it is not possible to randomly assign people to that group. B. the control group patients usually improve more than the treated patients. C. people waiting for therapy often seek counseling and advice from others. D. nobody wants to wait for therapy.

C

Trying to determine whether and to what extent psychotherapy is effective requires A. epidemiological research. B. psychotherapy process research. C. psychotherapy outcome research. D. eclectic psychotherapy research.

C

What erroneous assumption led to the development of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? A. ECT would result in memory loss that would cure schizophrenia. B. Schizophrenia resulted from failure to use both hemispheres. C. Epileptic seizures prevented schizophrenia. D. Schizophrenia prevented epileptic seizures.

C

What is the major purpose of Meichenbaum's self-instruction training? A. to help adults become more assertive B. to teach depressed persons to change their attributions C. to assist children in learning to internalize rules of appropriate behavior D. to encourage patients to engage in collaborative empiricism

C

Which of the following is related to positive outcomes across different approaches to therapy? A. discouragement of the therapeutic alliance B. not limiting goals to just a few areas C. therapist supportiveness D. a well-developed theoretical perspective

C

A therapist tells a patient that he is "not being genuine, not being himself." The therapist encourages the patient to make life choices based on his true feelings. What is the therapist's most likely theoretical framework? A. psychodynamic B. biological C. cognitive-behavioral D. humanistic

D

Assertiveness training and social problem solving are examples of A. short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. B. in vivo desensitization. C. teaching clients new ways of thinking that are likely to be more rational. D. teaching clients new ways of behaving that are likely to be rewarded.

D

Compared to its use in the middle of the last century, today electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is A. only used to treat schizophrenia. B. used far more frequently. C. never used because of its severe side effects. D. used far less frequently.

D

During a couple therapy session with Frances and her husband, the therapist suggests that she has been using "mind reading" again and that it is not helping her in improving communication. Which of the following is an example of what the therapist thinks needs work? A. She has a tendency to put words in the mouths of others. B. She often offers interpretations of her own behavior before the therapist has a chance to speak. C. She uses too many nonverbal gestures when she speaks, which is distracting to listeners. D. She fails to tell her husband of her wants in the hope that he will just know.

D

In what country would you be likely to find individuals suffering from anorexia? A. India B. China C. East Africa D. United States

D

The most common type of medications prescribed today are_______. A. antipsychotics B. Viagra C. stimulants D. antidepressants

D

Therapeutic neutrality is viewed as a key component of A. client-centered therapy. B. in vivo desensitization. C. rational-emotive therapy. D. psychoanalysis.

D

Under which of the following circumstances would a study of the effectiveness of different forms of psychotherapy have high internal validity? A. The independent variable is confounded with other factors. B. The findings can be generalized to other types of patients. C. The results are statistically significant. D. Patient improvement can be attributed to the psychotherapy and not to other factors.

D

What is the primary goal of psychodynamic therapy as presented in the case of Frances in the textbook? A. applying psychological research to foster learning of new behaviors B. changing psychological experience with the use of medication C. encouraging acceptance of individual responsibility D. gaining insight into unconscious motivations

D

Which therapy emphasizes empirical evaluation and the application of psychological science to treating clinical problems? A. humanistic therapy B. ego analysis C. cognitive-behavior therapy D. psychoanalytic therapy

c