Abnormal Psych Ch 8

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy movement?

therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists

If a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be:

"St. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of depression."

Which of the following is not an example of a biological treatment for depression?

contingency management

Your BEST advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be:

"Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy."

What is the average length of time for the treatment of major depressive disorder with ECT?

2-4 weeks

At least ______ of manic patients treated with lithium improve.

60 percent

Studies show that individuals with severe depression who have not benefited from more conventional treatments are about how likely to improve from using vagus nerve stimulation?

40

About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships?

50

About what percentage of clients with unipolar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year?

50 Percent

Which one of the following is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy?

A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her family.

Which of the following is an example of an aspect of psychodynamic therapy for depression?

A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past

Which one of the following statements is MOST consistent with the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for depression?

Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them entirely.

"Second-generation" antidepressant medications include:

Anafranil and Eldepryl.

Which of the following is the MOST important reason for the decline in the use of electroconvulsive therapy since the 1950s?

Antidepressant drugs were developed.

Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach?

Beck and cognitive therapy

Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder?

People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without taking it.

Which of the following is important in using contingency management effectively?

Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in positive activities

______ is a treatment in which tiny holes are drilled into the skull through which electrodes are implanted into the brain.

Deep brain stimulation

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered to be a sociocultural approach?

Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations

Which of the following treatments produces the fastest results in the biological treatment for unipolar depression?

ECT

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of ECT and drug therapies for treating depression?

ECT is likely to be prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed.

Vagus nerve stimulation is MOST similar to:

ECT.

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for someone experiencing depression?

It is better than nothing, but that's about it.

Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression?

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.

Which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression?

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.

Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy in treating unipolar depression is MOST accurate?

Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression

If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using:

MAO inhibitors.

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for treating unipolar depression?

Research studies show its effectiveness.

Corrina took an antidepressant and then ate a meal. Shortly thereafter her blood pressure skyrocketed and she felt faint. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true?

She ate something containing tyramine.

Which of the following would a cognitive therapist be LEAST likely to say to you?

Try to evaluate what happens to you in "black and white" terms.

In which of the treatments for depression is a stimulating current sent through a patient's prefrontal cortex?

TMS

A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug?

The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes.

Which of the following would a psychodynamic therapist be MOST likely to say about studies regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for depression?

The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research.

How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?

They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.

MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs?

They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine.

What is currently true about pharmaceutical companies regarding their ads for medications in the United States?

They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about taking the drugs in their ads.

What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common?

They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for an adolescent experiencing depression?

Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy.

Current research regarding the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for depression is MOST consistent with which of the following statements?

Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one.

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with:

lithium.

How likely are Medicaid recipients to be prescribed antidepressant medication?

White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Americans more often than African Americans

Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing emotional problems are all of the following EXCEPT:

a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors

Second-generation antidepressants appear to act by:

selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin.

A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they're harder to overdose on, and they don't require dietary restrictions." This statement is:

accurate.

Second messengers are:

active inside the neuron.

Which of the following is the BEST example of the therapy technique known as behavioral activation?

adding positive activities to the patient's life

The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called:

adjunctive psychotherapy.

Today, electroconvulsive therapy:

also involves the use of muscle relaxants

An individual receiving a treatment for depression is happier because of higher levels of norepinephrine in his or her brain. What treatment is this person MOST likely receiving?

an MAO inhibitor

Which of the following is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a depressed person?

an increase in the levels of norepinephrine

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of:

behavioral therapy

Increasing pleasant activities is MOST likely to be a part of a _______ therapy program.

behavioral

José is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his wife. In short, he should increase his positive activity. His therapist MOST likely reflects the ______ orientation.

behavioral

Focusing on the addition of positive activities to a depressed patient's life is a behavioral technique known as:

behavioral activation

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing:

behavioral marital therapy

A therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what activities the client once found pleasurable. These activities are then reintroduced into the patient's daily schedule. Which type of therapy is this therapist using?

behavioral therapy

Arron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate his life. Every time he says anything even a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. Otherwise the therapist has a stone face. This therapist is probably using some variation of:

behavioral therapy

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:

behavioral therapy

The mechanism of action of imipramine is to:

block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

MAO inhibitors work by:

blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine.

Apparently tricyclics work by:

blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

In the bilateral ECT, the electrical current passes through:

both sides of the brain

If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n):

brain seizure

The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from:

case study reports

A depressed individual receiving therapy is told that many, even most of the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records, have no basis in fact. MOST likely, the therapist is:

challenging automatic thoughts.

Clients who test their assumptions about what is causing their depression are working in which phase of Beck's treatment program?

changing primary attitudes

"I do not know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. You have not lost a patient during an operation in two years. No one else in the city has that kind of record." Which of the following orientations is MOST likely to describe the therapist who made this statement?

cognitive

Outcome studies on treatments for depression, comparing drug treatments with cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies, show that:

cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug therapy is continued even after the patient has improved.

A person experiencing unipolar depression writes the following in an activity schedule, "Go to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room." What treatment approach is this person MOST likely receiving?

cognitive therapy

According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the same as that for:

cognitive therapy

If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using:

cognitive therapy

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that:

cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are the best, and about equally effective.

In order to effectively reduce the chances of relapse of depressive symptoms, patients should:

continue to take tricyclics after they are symptom-free.

If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using:

couple therapy.

The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.

There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:

despite the success of cognitive therapy.

Which of the following is NOT a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for unipolar depression?

discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts

Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, "second-generation" antidepressant drugs:

do not work either faster or more effectively.

Lithium has been found to:

enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar depression.

Which of the following is the MOST effective dietary supplement/disorder pairing?

ginkgo biloba for treating dementia

Which of the following is the BEST example of interpersonal role transition?

going away to college for the first time

Typical consumers of nutraceuticals:

have easy access to a variety of products.

Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression?

identifying negative thinking and biases

Which of the following is an example of effective adjunctive therapy for bipolar disorder?

individual or group therapy

Tomas has withdrawn from most social contacts because he never seems to be able to say the right thing. He just doesn't seem to fit in. His comments are always misinterpreted. He feels alone and is depressed. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:

interpersonal deficit

Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an:

interpersonal deficit

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of:

interpersonal deficits.

Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis?

interpersonal loss

A woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or stay at home full-time to care for their children is experiencing:

interpersonal role dispute.

If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be changing, or how your expectations might be different from someone else's, your therapist would be using:

interpersonal therapy

St. John's wort:

is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals.

The nutraceutical SAM-e:

is used in treating depression

All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, EXCEPT that:

it interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.

Therapists who treat African American clients for depression need to be aware that their clients are:

less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs

If you are a minority, you are:

likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.

A person who is recovering from depression continues to take tricyclic medication for several months after most symptoms are gone. This is called:

maintenance therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing.

The "increasing activities and elevating mood" phase of Beck's treatment for depression:

makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive.

One of the side effects of ECT is:

memory loss

What kind of unipolar depression is behavioral treatment MOST effective in treating?

mild depression

White Americans receiving Medicaid are:

more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication.

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive:

muscle relaxants

Research now suggests that once someone has been successfully treated for depression he or she:

needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy.

Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that:

negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated.

Lithium appears to affect:

neurons's second messengers.

Recent research indicates that behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice only:

over placebo treatment.

Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that depressed people must improve their social skills because:

positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior

A behavioral therapist is MOST likely to use which of the following in treating a patient with unipolar depression?

praise for engaging in positive activities

Which one of the following is MOST consistent with a contingency management approach?

praising the person for engaging in nondepressive activities

A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from which orientation?

psychodynamic

Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream interpretation are all techniques used primarily by:

psychodynamic therapists

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:

psychodynamic therapy.

Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?

psychotic patients

The contingency management approach is an example of the application of ______ to the treatment of depression.

reinforcement

Behavioral therapy for the treatment of unipolar depression may include:

reinforcing nondepressed behavior

Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address:

role transitions in relationships

A person taking antidepressant medication is starting to gain weight, and reports decreasing interest in sexual activity. These changes are MOST common among people taking what kind of antidepressant medication?

second-generation antidepressants

The key to long-term treatment of depression is:

some sort of maintenance therapy.

Second-generation antidepressants:

target specific neurotransmission reuptake.

The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of:

the effect of toxic levels of uric acid.

You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron?

the firing of the receiving neuron

Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure, MOST likely because of:

the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken bones and dislocated joints.

Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when:

the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs.

If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea, vomiting, sluggishness, tremors, and seizures, one would suspect:

the person was experiencing lithium intoxication.

Which of the following best represents how tricyclics work?

tricyclic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more neuronal firing.

Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they came across imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression, although it was not effective against schizophrenia. It became the first of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar molecular structure, called:

tricyclics.

What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of unipolar depression?

unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss

Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an implanted pulse generator is:

vagus nerve stimulation.

People who take MAO inhibitors and want to decrease the risk of negative side effects would make the greatest changes in which aspect of life?

what they eat

When is couple therapy preferable to individual therapy?

when relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount

If you live in the United States, you can be assured that:

you will be exposed to advertisements from the multibillion-dollar dietary supplement industry