Abnormal Psych Chapter 16 17 Final

Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Lisa's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with: A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) borderline personality disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

C) borderline personality disorder.

A particular concern among children and adolescents would be: A) racism B) peer pressure to have sex C) bullying D) peer pressure to try alcohol

C) bullying

A child has received the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. You would expect that he would have a problem: A) expressing himself in speech. B) reading a sentence from a book out loud. C) buttoning his shirt and dressing in general. D) listening to a teacher explain how to do a mathematics problem.

C) buttoning his shirt and dressing in general.

Recent studies show that children with autistic spectrum disorder are MORE likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain? A) cerebral cortex B) corpus callosum C) cerebellum D) hypothalamus

C) cerebellum

There is a new game called "Moods" where one acts out the mood listed on a card. Being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _____ might use for those with schizoid disorders. A) psychoanalytic therapists B) cognitive therapists C) behavioral therapists D) biological therapists

B) cognitive therapists

Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism has been the use of: A) drug therapy. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) educational therapy. D) psychodynamic-humanistic therapy.

B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

A patient receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder experiences an emotion that he or she realizes is inappropriate. Immediately after, the patient acts in a very different, appropriate, way. This DBT procedure is called: A) reactive correction. B) counterbalancing. C) opposite action. D) "fine tuning."

C) opposite action.

A child is openly hostile toward her parents. She argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control her. The diagnosis she is MOST likely to receive is: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) oppositional defiant disorder. D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

C) oppositional defiant disorder.

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called: A) parent-interaction therapy. B) video modeling. C) parent management training. D) family-consequence sensitization.

C) parent management training.

The consistencies of one's characteristics are called: A) inherited characteristics. B) learned responses. C) personality traits. D) personality typologies.

C) personality traits.

The enduring pattern of inner thoughts and emotions along with outward behavior that is unique to each individual is termed: A) a trait. B) character. C) personality. D) individuality.

C) personality.

For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern? A) generalized anxiety disorder B) social anxiety disorder C) phobias D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

C) phobias

A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music, and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as a: A) perseveration of sameness. B) repetitive and rigid behavior. C) delayed echolalia. D) savant skill.

D) savant skill.

A person who does poorly on a task called backward masking is MOST likely to be experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) borderline personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Digressive and vague language with loose associations accompanied by attention and concentration problems are characteristic of: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

D) schizotypal personality disorder.

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called: A) dyslexia. B) perceptual deficit disorder. C) expressive language disorder. D) mixed receptive/expressive language disorder.

A) dyslexia.

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called: A) echolalia. B) neologism. C) nominal aphasia. D) pronominal reversal.

A) echolalia.

Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. His condition is called: A) enuresis. B) encopresis. C) conduct disorder. D) noctural emission.

A) enuresis.

A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting. He would MOST likely be labeled with: A) juvenile delinquency. B) oppositional defiant disorder. C) anxiety disorder. D) mood disregulation.

A) juvenile delinquency.

"It is possible, even probable, that 'refrigerator parents'—cold, rejecting, rigid—caused this disorder." This is a reasonable statement about the cause of many cases of: A) autism. B) Asperger's disorder. C) both autism and Asperger's disorder. D) neither autism nor Asperger's disorder.

A) autism.

What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder? A) They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves. B) They finally cannot care for themselves. C) They voluntarily ask for hospitalization, out of desperation. D) They are so afraid of leaving their homes that they suffer social paralysis.

A) They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves.

"Will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave." Based on research, the person who said this would be MOST accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about: A) a juvenile training center. B) treatment foster care. C) problem-solving training. D) an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program.

A) a juvenile training center.

Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT: A) abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage. B) negative self-concept. C) dysfunctional families. D) high levels of stress.

A) abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage.

Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States. A) Worry B) Depression C)Anxiety D)Substance Abuse

A) Worry

Which of the following would a phrenologist MOST likely have done? A) assessed personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the head B) argued that personality disorders should not be categorized according to symptoms C) treated personality disorders using didactic behavioral therapy D) criticized the validity and reliability of personality disorders in DSM

A) assessed personality by feeling for bumps and indentations on the head

MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live: A) at home. B) in "normalization" residences. C) in relatively small, county-run institutions. D) in relatively large, state-run institutions.

A) at home.

Should drugs be used in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder? A) Maybe; in low doses, they seem to help some clients. B) Maybe; in high doses, they seem to help some clients. C) Yes; in low doses, they seem to help practically all clients. D) Yes; in high doses, they seem to help practically all clients.

A) Maybe; in low doses, they seem to help some clients.

An infant is diagnosed with a biological disorder. As she ages, her physical and mental conditions deteriorate steadily so that she loses vision and motor control, and at the age of 3, she dies. Most likely, she was suffering from: A) Tay-Sachs disease. B) Down syndrome. C) fragile X syndrome. D) phenylketonuria (PKU).

A) Tay-Sachs disease.

The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n): A) stimulant. B) depressant. C) tranquilizer. D) antidepressant.

A) stimulant.

MOST diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the: A) trisomy 21 type. B) mosaicism type. C) age-related type. D) translocation type.

A) trisomy 21 type.

Imagine that you see a video on YouTube designed to encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program called: A) Self-Defense is For Everyone. B) It Gets Better. C) How to Hide Your Orientation. D) What to Say to Your Parents.

B) It Gets Better.

Isabelle is born into a very poor family. Both parents have below-average IQs and are barely able to support and provide for themselves. Isabelle's nutrition and health care have never been very good. She is at risk for: A) autistic spectrum disorder. B) mild intellectual developmental disorder. C) attention-deficit disorder. D) severe intellectual developmental disorder.

B) mild intellectual developmental disorder.

Which of these well-known people appears to have displayed symptoms of antisocial personality disorder? A) Mitt Romney B) Bernie Madoff C) Bill Clinton D) Martha Stewart

B) Bernie Madoff

Which of the following do phenylketonuria and Tay-Sachs disease have in common? A) Both can be detected at birth and treated. B) Both are caused by a double recessive gene. C) Both are metabolic defects involving an amino acid. D) People of Eastern European Jewish ancestry are at increased risk for both.

B) Both are caused by a double recessive gene.

Paula has moderate intellectual developmental disorder, a small head and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. Her condition is MOST likely: A) PKU. B) Down syndrome. C) Tay-Sachs disease. D) fragile X syndrome.

B) Down syndrome.

Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say? A) "The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split between boys and girls." B) "The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different." C) "Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is declining." D) "Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the age of 13."

B) "The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different."

Which category of personality disorder contains the disorders MOST commonly diagnosed? A) "odd" B) "dramatic" C) "anxious" D) There are no clear differences among the categories in terms of frequency of diagnosis.

B) "dramatic"

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? A) You cannot suffer from both of them at the same time. B) Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive- compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder). C) The most likely disorder comorbid with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder). D) The two obsessive-compulsive disorders are comorbid over half the time.

B) Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive- compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder)

Psychodynamic theorists explain obsessive-compulsive personality disorder as a fixation at the: A) oral stage. B) anal stage. C) phallic stage. D) genital stage.

B) anal stage.

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be "on" or "off." In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a: A) flashlight, running on batteries. B) dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on. C) candle, which may be blown out at any time. D) capacitor, which builds up a charge slowly then discharges it all at once.

B) dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on.

Characteristics of the Virginia Tech shooter reveal that he: A) fit the diagnostic category of histrionic personality disorder. B) displayed a combination of features from many personality disorders. C) did not fit any of the personality disorders. D) did not appear to have a mental disorder.

B) displayed a combination of features from many personality disorders.

Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other "odd" personality disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and: A) stress disorders. B) mood disorders. C) anxiety disorders. D) mental retardation.

B) mood disorders.

"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder. D) impulse-control personality disorder.

B) narcissistic personality disorder.

An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. That individual is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has: A) bipolar disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) one of the paraphilias. D) alcoholism.

B) schizophrenia.

A child is in public school, but he is grouped with other low-IQ children like him. He and his classmates have a specially designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school. This is MOST likely an example of: A) mainstreaming. B) special education. C) deinstitutionalization. D) a normalization program.

B) special education.

A female child is diagnosed with autism. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is: A) very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. B) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. C) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. D) common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

B) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

"What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program?" a friend asks. Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is: A) "Psychodynamic therapy works best, with or without drugs." B) "Cognitive therapy outperforms even Ritalin." C) "Drugs work best." D) "Drugs, combined with behavior therapy, work best.

C) "Drugs work best."

"My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Of the following alternatives, your BEST answer is: A) "Video modeling works especially well with elementary school children." B) "Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is well established." C) "Parent management training should work best." D) "Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation."

C) "Parent management training should work best."

A preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior. MOST likely, that program is: A) the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. B) one that involves the use of stimulant drugs such as Ritalin. C) Scared Straight. D) Parents and Children Anonymous.

C) Scared Straight.

Which of the following has experienced "triggering"? A) an individual who posts YouTube videos of himself biting and cutting himself B) an individual who commits suicide by shooting himself while someone else films it C) an individual who is prompted to injure himself intentionally after watching someone else do it D) an individual who engages in intentional self-injury but encourages others not to do so

C) an individual who is prompted to injure himself intentionally after watching someone else do it

Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant personality disorder usually: A) are very sensitive to criticism. B) avoid close relationships. C) are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships. D) are indifferent to criticism and seek out close relationships.

C) are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships.

If a child on the autism spectrum were being encouraged to engage in child-initiated interactions, the child would be: A) making statements that the therapist would repeat word for word. B) using a communications board to make requests known. C) asking about things that were of particular interest to him or her. D) engaging in play therapy with the child's parents.

C) asking about things that were of particular interest to him or her.

A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello; how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background? A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) behavioral D) sociocultural

C) behavioral

A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend, and on an academic major. This student's behavior is: A) typical of those with dependent personality disorder. B) typical of those who will develop dependent personality disorder. C) normal for those in high school. D) reflective of an anxiety disorder, not of dependent personality disorder.

C) normal for those in high school.

A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did not want children in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is probably: A) behavioral. B) biological. C) object relations theory. D) cognitive-behavioral theory.

C) object relations theory.

Assume you have to give an in-class presentation about narcissistic personality disorder. What is the MOST accurate thing you can say about treatment for this disorder? A) "Cognitive therapy works best." B) "Behavioral therapy works best." C) "Psychodynamic therapy works best." D) "No form of therapy is clearly better than the others.

D) "No form of therapy is clearly better than the others.

A friend of yours says, "A 15-year-old high schooler accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder." Your MOST accurate reply would be: A) "Yes, that kind of behavior often is associated with that diagnosis." B) "I don't think so; those with that diagnosis seldom engage in criminal activity." C) "Yes, and I'll bet that wasn't the only diagnosis, either." D) "No; the kid is too young for that diagnosis."

D) "No; the kid is too young for that diagnosis."

A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set him off. This is an example of: A) overstimulation. B) stimulus over selectivity. C) a self-stimulatory behavior. D) a perseveration of sameness.

D) a perseveration of sameness.

A child displays normal behavior and intelligence, but she does not seem to be able to explain her actions and intentions as well as you would expect. If the deficit is severe enough, she might be diagnosed with: A) dyslexia. B) a perceptual deficit. C) attention-deficit disorder. D) an expressive-language disorder.

D) an expressive-language disorder.

According to current research, if a person living in the United States is distrustful of both lawyers and congressional members, that type of person is: A) rare: such distrust defines those with paranoid personality disorder. B) rare: such distrust defines those with schizotypal personality disorder. C) uncommon: great distrust of congressional members but not great distrust of lawyers defines those with paranoid personality disorder. D) common: most people in the United States distrust both lawyers and congressional members.

D) common: most people in the United States distrust both lawyers and congressional members.

The two childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial personality disorder are: A) depression and withdrawal. B) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. C) mental retardation. D) conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

D) conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

All of the following are criticisms of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality disorders EXCEPT: A) the reliability of the diagnosis. B) the validity of the diagnosis. C) distinguishing one personality disorder from another personality disorder. D) incorporating new research into the new edition.

D) incorporating new research into the new edition.

Most colleges and universities now require students to have a meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis can lead to: A) cretinism. B) encephalitis. C) autism. D) intellectual development disorder.

D) intellectual development disorder.

In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual developmental disorder due of: A) meningitis. B) encephalitis. C) microcephaly. D) lead poisoning.

D) lead poisoning.

Personality disorders are categorized into three main clusters that include all of the following EXCEPT: A) odd. B) dramatic. C) anxious. D) schizophrenic.

D) schizophrenic.

When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in: A) self-injurious behavior. B) self-communication behavior. C) self-motor behavior. D) self-stimulatory behavior

D) self-stimulatory behavior

A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely: A) agoraphobia B) bipolar disorder. C) dependent personality disorder. D) separation anxiety disorder.

D) separation anxiety disorder.

Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed with: A) encopresis. B) ADHD. C) autism. D) separation anxiety.

D) separation anxiety.

If one knew nothing more than that the person with intellectual developmental disorder also had extensive and severe neurological dysfunction and physical handicaps, the MOST likely estimate of that person's level of mental retardation would be: A) mild. B) mild or moderate. C) moderate or severe. D) severe or profound.

D) severe or profound.

What aspect of dialectical behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic theory? A) the emphasis on anal retention B) the emphasis on social skills training C) the emphasis on multicultural influences on behavior D) the emphasis on the patient-therapist relationship.

D) the emphasis on the patient-therapist relationship.

A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment for conduct disorder. You can be reasonably sure that: A) stimulant drug (e.g., Ritalin) administration is recommended, but not required. B) the child is a preschooler. C) the child is female. D) the interventions used are cognitive behavioral.

D) the interventions used are cognitive behavioral.

Dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT: A) social skills training. B) mindfulness meditation (a Zen technique involving observing one's emotions). C) the client-therapist relationship. D) the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting.

D) the use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting.

The LEAP program for treating children with autism spectrum disorder is unique because it involves the use of: A) reinforcement principles. B) medication. C) MMR vaccinations. D) typical children as models and "teachers."

D) typical children as models and "teachers."

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding antisocial personality disorder? A) Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much. B) Most who have it are not treated, but most who are treated are helped substantially. C) Most who have it are treated, but most who are treated are not helped much. D) Most who have it are treated, and most who are treated are helped substantially.

A) Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much.

The latest research on the use of Ritalin to treat ADHD suggests which of the following? A) Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on white American children. B) Negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the use of Ritalin among adolescents. C) Fortunately, Ritalin is not effective when used as a recreational drug. D) Most ADHD children are better off if they are not treated with Ritalin.

A) Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on white American children.

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following criteria has been met? A) The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions. B) The children have a physical illness causing the disorder. C) The children have been taking medications that are causing the disorder. D) The children hide the disorder from their parents.

A) The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions.

Imagine a child who neglects studies, work, friends, and family in order to be on the Internet. Which of the following about Internet addiction disorder is FALSE? A) There is no such diagnosis as Internet addiction disorder. B) Exposure to vivid but imaginary experiences might impact brain development in children. C) When deprived of the Internet, some of these children become anxious or depressed. D) The Internet does not represent reality nor equip children for dealing with reality.

A) There is no such diagnosis as Internet addiction disorder.

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. B) They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. C) They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. D) They are caused by epigenetic processes.

A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors.

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it, MOST likely would be diagnosed with: A) autism spectrum disorder. B) ADHD. C) mental retardation. D) oppositional defiant disorder

A) autism spectrum disorder.

If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do? A) avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established. B) avoid only binge drinking, since only binge drinking is associated with FAS. C) drink no more than the equivalent of one ounce of alcohol per day. D) drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol per day.

A) avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established.

A young boy is constantly told by his parents to "Be a man!" whenever he is in conflict with friends. In turn, his parents themselves often act aggressively toward each other, and toward him. The theorist who would be BEST able to explain an adult diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for this boy would be a ______ theorist. A) behavioral B) cognitive C) biological D) psychodynamic

A) behavioral

The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder have been: A) behavioral and drug therapies. B) group therapy and sociotherapy. C) behavioral and group therapy. D) insight therapy and cognitive therapy.

A) behavioral and drug therapies.

"That personality disorder has become so common, I encounter it almost every day in the emergency room." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder? A) borderline B) antisocial C) schizoid D) avoidant

A) borderline

"There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand other people, and I can't stand myself, either. I'm just really mad right now." Such a statement would most likely be made by someone with which personality disorder? A) borderline B) antisocial C) narcissistic D) paranoid

A) borderline

An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This person's diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders? A) borderline B) schizotypal C) obsessive-compulsive D) avoidant

A) borderline

"That's it!" says your friend, the psychotherapist. "I can't work with that client. As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all hours of the day." MOST likely, this is a client with: A) borderline personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

A) borderline personality disorder.

The child most likely to show the first symptom of autism spectrum disorder would be a: A) boy under 3 years old. B) girl under 3 years old. C) boy over 5 years old. D) girl over 5 years old.

A) boy under 3 years old.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in ______ than in ______. A) boys; girls B) girls; boys C) adolescents; children D) adults; children

A) boys; girls

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include: A) brain abnormalities. B) personality characteristics of the parents. C) social status. D) environmental stress.

A) brain abnormalities.

A person experiencing paranoid personality disorder frequently says things like "You've got to get them before they get you," and "People have been sinners since the Garden of Eden." If these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions the person has about people in general, the theorist who would be LEAST surprised would have which theoretical position? A) cognitive B) biological C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic

A) cognitive

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

A) conduct disorder.

An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called: A) cretinism. B) encephalitis. C) Down syndrome. D) Tay-Sachs disease.

A) cretinism.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the criteria for remaining in state schools changed, and many individuals with intellectual developmental disorders were released into the community. This is an example of: A) deinstitutionalization. B) a normalization program. C) mainstreaming. D) special education.

A) deinstitutionalization.

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. This child is undergoing: A) dry-bed training for enuresis. B) dry-bed training for encopresis. C) bell-and-battery therapy for enuresis. D) bell-and-battery therapy for encopresis.

A) dry-bed training for enuresis.

DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing a: A) systematical approach. B) categorical approach. C) dimensional approach. D) phrenological approach.

B) categorical approach.

When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline personality disorder, those patients, compared to patients receiving other forms of therapy, make: A) far fewer suicide attempts, and are hospitalized less often. B) far fewer suicide attempts, but are hospitalized about as often. C) about the same number of suicide attempts, but are hospitalized less often. D) about the same number of suicide attempts, and are hospitalized about as often.

A) far fewer suicide attempts, and are hospitalized less often.

"Relational aggression" is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among: A) girls diagnosed with conduct disorder. B) boys diagnosed with conduct disorder. C) boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. D) girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.

A) girls diagnosed with conduct disorder.

"Beatlemania" gripped the United States in the 1960s when the British rock group The Beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, emotional praise at the group. These behaviors MOST closely resemble the characteristics of: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) schizoid personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

A) histrionic personality disorder.

A person constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas the person so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If this person were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be: A) histrionic. B) borderline. C) antisocial. D) obsessive-compulsive.

A) histrionic.

People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty ______ relationships, while people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty ______ relationships. A) initiating; ending B) ending; initiating C) ending; beginning D) seeking; initiating

A) initiating; ending

If your child is diagnosed with a conduct disorder, you could be confident in providing all of the following treatments EXCEPT: A) juvenile training centers. B) treatment foster care. C) anger coping programs. D) problem-solving skills training.

A) juvenile training centers.

Cognitive theorists believe that because of their difficulty scanning the environment, perceiving accurately, and picking up emotional cues, those with schizoid personalities develop ______ very slowly. A) language and motor skills B) secondary sex characteristics C) allergies and other medical problems D) thinking disorders

A) language and motor skills

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are: A) less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to receive effective treatment. B) less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but more likely to receive effective treatment. C) about equally likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but less likely to receive effective treatment. D) more likely to be diagnosed for ADHD, but less likely to receive effective treatment.

A) less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to receive effective treatment.

Studies of the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce: A) long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. B) only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. C) long-term gains in school achievement, but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance. D) only short-term gains in school achievement, but long-term gains in intelligence test performance.

A) long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.

Mild mental retardation is MOST common in which socioeconomic class? A) lower B) middle C) upper D) Mild mental retardation is about equally common across socioeconomic classes.

A) lower

The "flower children" of the 1960s and 1970s have sometimes been called the "me" generation, reflecting the supposed self-centered individualism of the time. If this is true, a sociocultural theorist would predict a larger than usual percentage of which kind of personality disorder among the aging "me" generation? A) narcissistic B) antisocial C) obsessive-compulsive D) dependent

A) narcissistic

One similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they tend: A) not to have close ties to others. B) to distrust others. C) to be described by others as arrogant and angry. D) not to score well on typical intelligence tests.

A) not to have close ties to others.

The TV show Saturday Night Live once featured a skit involving an "Anal Retentive Carpenter," who had to keep all his tools and work materials in just the "right" places, arranged "just so." He was very anxious any time tools and materials were not just as he wanted them. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for the carpenter would be: A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) impulse-control personality disorder.

A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why: A) postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys. B) children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults. C) younger children have higher rates of depression than older children. D) depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children.

A) postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys.

The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that: A) problematic personality traits are either present or absent. B) personality disorders are best understood on a continuum based on severity of symptoms. C) individuals can turn their symptoms off and on like a light switch. D) children as well as adults should be diagnosed with personality disorders.

A) problematic personality traits are either present or absent.

Which of the following have sociocultural theorists suggested as a cause for the emergence of borderline personality disorder? A) rapid social change B) traditional family structures C) clinging and dependent parents D) nontraditional family structures

A) rapid social change

Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

A) schizoid personality disorder.

The BEST way to characterize children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is that they: A) show disturbed and contradictory patterns of reactions to stimuli. B) have low IQs and poor cognitive skills, but good social skills. C) engage in excessive amounts of abstract play. D) appear to be exceptionally coordinated.

A) show disturbed and contradictory patterns of reactions to stimuli.

Perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who try to deal with bullying is that: A) so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is hard to tell who is dangerous. B) they really don't care, since bullying is such an unusual occurrence in most schools. C) there is a very real possibility that the bullies will attack them, as well as their student victims. D) students really don't rate bullying as a serious problem.

A) so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is hard to tell who is dangerous.

"The client scores low on extroversion and agreeableness, but high on neuroticism. Looks like schizoid personality disorder to me." The therapist being quoted is using what instrument to make the diagnosis? A) the "Big Five" personality test B) "supertrait" theory C) a 200-statement test, with each statement rated on a 1-to-7 scale D) a "dichotomizing" test

A) the "Big Five" personality test

All of the following are problems in the use of the DSM-5 to diagnose personality disorders EXCEPT: A) the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used. B) people who act very differently may require the same diagnosis. C) there is considerable overlap of symptoms across many categories. D) sometimes the diagnostician must try to figure out why a person does something.

A) the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely, if ever, are used.

If you believe that personality disorders are BEST understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with: A) the dimensional approach. B) the categorical approach. C) the symptomatic approach. D) the cluster approach.

A) the dimensional approach.

Currently, the "Big-Five" approach to personality disorders is: A) the recipient of recognition, with a great amount of research being done on it. B) the focus of no research at all. C) the focus of a great amount of research, but there are no important results. D) the focus of a small amount of research, but there are no important results.

A) the recipient of recognition, with a great amount of research being done on it.

A therapist states, "I seldom use drugs when I treat clients with borderline personality disorder." The therapist MOST likely says this because: A) the risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose. B) in most cases, drugs seem to make aggressiveness even worse. C) in most cases, drugs seem to make emotional outbursts even more extreme. D) the therapist is unaware that drugs are always used in combination with dialectical behavior therapy, the most effective therapy for those with borderline personality disorder.

A) the risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose.

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs, or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore: A) the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms. B) children do not experience phobias. C) a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder. D) anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence.

A) the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms.

You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when: A) there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness. B) preferences in women's and men's clothing undergo substantial shifts. C) there is a decline in materialism and individualism. D) the sale of "inspirational" DVDs, books, and tapes suddenly increases.

A) there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness.

Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated: A) too positively in early life. B) too negatively in early life. C) either too positively or too negatively in early life. D) ambiguously and neglectfully in early life.

A) too positively in early life.

The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is: A) trisomy 21. B) mosaicism. C) translocation. D) PKU.

A) trisomy 21.

Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States. A) worry B) depression C) anxiety D) substance abuse

A) worry

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder? A) The child argues defiantly with parents. B) The child is not responsive to other people. C) The child screams uncontrollably when separated from parents. D) The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on task.

B) The child is not responsive to other people.

Two children—one, African-American and the other, white American—display exactly the same symptoms of overactivity. What is MOST likely to happen? A) They will both be diagnosed with ADHD. B) The white American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the African American will be diagnosed with possibly a lower IQ or substance abuse. C) The African American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the white American will not be diagnosed with anything. D) Both will be diagnosed with ADHD, but it will be attributed to medical causes for the white American and social causes for the African American.

B) The white American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the African American will be diagnosed with possibly a lower IQ or substance abuse.

Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which of the following conclusions? A) Second-generation antidepressants should not be used with adolescents because the risk for harm is too high. B) Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people. C) Cognitive-behavior therapy alone is the best treatment for adolescents. D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy cannot be used with adolescents because of their cognitive limitations.

B) Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people.

Which of the following statements BEST represents current knowledge about mass murderers? A) The mental health field has a clear understanding of what causes mass murderers to behave as they do. B) We really don't know what causes mass murderers to act or how to treat them. C) We know how to treat mass murderers effectively; we just don't have the funds to offer treatment to all who need it. D) The focus of the field is more on the feelings of mass murderers than on their diagnoses.

B) We really don't know what causes mass murderers to act or how to treat them.

A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual developmental disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, and goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of: A) deinstitutionalization. B) a normalization program. C) mainstreaming. D) special education.

B) a normalization program.

According to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on information they have no way of knowing, is NOT present in children with autism spectrum disorder. This ability is called: A) egocentrism. B) a theory of mind. C) social awareness. D) metacognitive knowledge.

B) a theory of mind.

The type of therapist MOST likely to try to help people diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder to believe they are not helpless, and to teach them better thinking skills, is a ______ therapist: A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) sociocultural D) behavioral

B) cognitive

Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. The shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. He showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several "successful" proposals such as this in towns across America in the last couple of years. He is MOST likely suffering from: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

B) antisocial personality disorder.

Sarah respects none of society's boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. She does not consider the consequences of her actions. She MOST probably experiences: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

B) antisocial personality disorder.

Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy before the age of 15: A) may be best diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder. B) are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. C) predict later antisocial disorder with virtual certainty. D) seem unrelated to antisocial personality disorder.

B) are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.

One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals: A) enjoy their symptoms and do not seek change. B) are frequently unaware that they have a problem. C) experience no distress and do not want treatment. D) have accompanying mood disorders that must be treated first.

B) are frequently unaware that they have a problem.

Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

B) avoidant personality disorder.

If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing: A) social phobia. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) both social phobia and avoidance personality disorder. D) a personality disorder from the dramatic cluster.

B) avoidant personality disorder.

"Group therapy is a good option for those with dependent personality disorder; they'll be able to observe others' coping skills, and model them." This statement would MOST likely be made by a therapist having which of the following theoretical perspectives? A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) sociocultural D) biological

B) behavioral

A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation? A) sociocultural B) behavioral C) cognitive D) psychodynamic

B) behavioral

The fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling parental conflict and aggressiveness provides support for: A) psychodynamic theory. B) behavioral theory. C) both psychodynamic and behavioral theories. D) neither psychodynamic nor behavioral theories.

B) behavioral theory.

Dr. Marsha Linehan, the developer of dialectical behavior therapy, would have diagnosed her young adult self with: A) antisocial personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) dependent personality disorder.

B) borderline personality disorder.

Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by: A) eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder. B) creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation. C) not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18. D) dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and one without rage.

B) creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation.

The percentage of individuals at the four levels of intellectual developmental disorder from mild to profound: A) increases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. B) decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. C) stays about the same as the intelligence level decreases. D) is highest for the "moderate intellectual developmental disorder" level.

B) decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases.

The type of therapy that generally provides the least help for those with schizoid personality disorder is: A) behavioral. B) drug. C) cognitive. D) None of the other alternatives provide help for those with schizoid personality disorder.

B) drug.

A child does well in some school subjects. However, the only way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. He must direct his gaze with his index finger. Even with great effort, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. This is a description of: A) aphasia. B) dyslexia. C) echolalia. D) word blindness.

B) dyslexia.

According to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the development of avoidant personality disorder is: A) an early sense of guilt. B) early experiences of shame. C) lack of development of trust. D) an inability to express anger.

B) early experiences of shame

Which of the following marks an individual as a pseudocommando? A) wearing combat fatigues while committing mass murder B) expecting to be killed while committing mass murder C) forcing others to engage in mass murder D) previously serving as a member of the military in a noncombat zone

B) expecting to be killed while committing mass murder

You read a case study about a ten-year-old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. This case is: A) common; girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. B) fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. C) uncommon; girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. D) very uncommon; boys from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

B) fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

"You had one eye in the mirror as you watched yourself.../You're so vain, you probably think this song is about you/You're so vain..." sang Carly Simon in the 1973 #1 hit, "You're So Vain." If the subject of the song were diagnosed with a personality disorder, which of the following would be the MOST likely diagnosis? A) antisocial B) histrionic C) schizoid D) schizotypal

B) histrionic

A belief that the news anchor on CNN is giving one important messages about one's behavior reflects: A) bodily illusions. B) ideas of reference. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) backward masking.

B) ideas of reference.

Cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on: A) providing practice in social behaviors in a group setting. B) increasing the client's tolerance of emotional discomfort and building up his or her self- image. C) providing social skills training and exposure treatment that requires clients to gradually increase their social contacts. D) helping patients uncover the origins of their symptoms and resolve the unconscious conflicts that may be operating.

B) increasing the client's tolerance of emotional discomfort and building up his or her self- image.

Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) passive-aggressive disorder. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

B) juvenile delinquency.

Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder, involves brain damage resulting from: A) ingestion of lead-based paint. B) lack of oxygen during or after delivery. C) poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates. D) seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust fumes.

B) lack of oxygen during or after delivery.

Ty is fairly handsome, but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) schizotypal personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

B) narcissistic personality disorder.

A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnoses for several clients. In fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their diagnoses. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are: A) both reliable and valid. B) neither reliable nor valid. C) reliable, but not valid. D) not reliable, but valid.

B) neither reliable nor valid.

The TV show Monk features a detective who is very seldom happy, has few good friends, has a very rigid order and way in which he must do things, and who frequently has difficulty making up his mind about what to do. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would MOST likely be a ______ disorder. A) narcissistic B) obsessive-compulsive C) schizoptypal D) borderline

B) obsessive-compulsive

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with: A) oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal. B) oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal. C) conduct disorder if they are prepubertal. D) conduct disorder if they are postpubertal.

B) oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal.

"That kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically anything, even things that don't seem to matter much." This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

B) overt-nondestructive

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of: A) avoidant personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

B) paranoid personality disorder.

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a "typical" example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT: A) incessant lying. B) periods of very high anxiety. C) persistent violation of others' rights. D) lack of conscience after committing crimes.

B) periods of very high anxiety.

The authors of DSM-5 have designed their own dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders for possible inclusion in future revisions of the DSM. The idea is that individuals whose traits significantly impair their functioning should receive a diagnosis of: A) psychoticism disorder. B) personality disorder trait specified. C) negative affectivity disorder. D) detachment disorder.

B) personality disorder trait specified.

A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from: A) avoidant personality disorder. B) schizoid personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

B) schizoid personality disorder.

The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to the schizotypal personality disorder is: A) anxiety. B) schizophrenia. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

B) schizophrenia.

Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to: A) schizophrenia. B) social anxiety. C) mania. D) eating disorders.

B) social anxiety.

MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem to be related to: A) inherited traits. B) sociocultural and psychological factors. C) fetal alcohol syndrome. D) organic brain syndrome.

B) sociocultural and psychological factors.

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate, in terms of current research findings? A) "Odd" personality disorders cause schizophrenia. B) "Odd" personality disorders are caused by schizophrenia. C) "Odd" personality disorders and schizophrenia are related to one another. D) "Odd" personality disorders and schizophrenia are not related to one another.

C) "Odd" personality disorders and schizophrenia are related to one another.

A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being, but how careless he is about others' safety." Your MOST accurate reply would be: A) "You're right; those are classic characteristics of antisocial personality disorder." B) "You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careful about the safety of family members." C) "You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others." D) "You've got it backwards; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless of their own safety, but show at least some concern for others' safety."

C) "You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others."

The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is most likely a _____ personality disorder. A) cognitive B) biological C) behavioral D) psychodynamic

D) psychodynamic

Of the following statements, which one most accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM- 5 categories of personality disorder? A) Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders have remained very consistent for many years. B) Passive-aggressive personality disorder remains the personality disorder easiest to diagnose and treat. C) Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis. D) Personality disorder "clusters" are quite distinct from one another.

C) Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis.

A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child? A) Yes; it could be a diagnosis. B) No; the child's symptoms started at too young an age. C) No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting. D) Yes; it could be, but only if the fidgeting is distracting to others.

C) No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting.

Which of the following statements reflects current research about the biological causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? A) So far, researchers have found no biological causes for ASD. B) The problem is much more likely to be with the brain's anatomy rather than with brain functioning. C) There are probably multiple biological causes, leading to a common "brain problem." D) Neurotransmitter dysfunction explains problems in the cerebellum, but not the brain stem.

C) There are probably multiple biological causes, leading to a common "brain problem."

Which of the following statements is NOT generally true of those with antisocial personality disorder? A) They lie very frequently. B) They are careless with money, and often do not pay their debts. C) They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's. D) They have little regard for their own safety or the safety of others.

C) They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's.

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a board rather than saying, "I want food." This child is using: A) a self-communication device. B) a token economy system. C) an augmentative communication system. D) an integrative motor system.

C) an augmentative communication system.

The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include: A) strikingly impaired mathematical skills. B) having difficulty comprehending and expressing language. C) an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read. D) extreme and repeated errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and paragraph organization.

C) an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read.

Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is most like a ______ disorder. A) cognitive B) biological C) behavioral D) psychodynamic

C) behavioral

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving: A) psychodynamic therapy for enuresis. B) psychodynamic therapy for encopresis. C) behavioral therapy for enuresis. D) behavioral therapy for encopresis.

C) behavioral therapy for enuresis.

What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum? A) mainstreaming and being in a typical classroom with other children B) being in special classes that operate in the school district's own facilities C) being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education D) being home-schooled

C) being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education

A client has enlarged brain ventricles and a measurable loss of gray matter. These symptoms are: A) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder. B) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder. C) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder. D) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder.

C) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder.

"The problem is that they assume they can't take care of themselves, so they think others have to meet their needs. This pattern of thinking is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic personality disorder." A psychologist from which of the following perspectives would agree MOST strongly with this quote? A) biological B) sociocultural C) cognitive D) behavioral

C) cognitive

An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel, and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These findings would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background? A) psychodynamic B) sociocultural C) cognitive D) biological

C) cognitive

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive, and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is: A) oppositional defiant disorder. B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). C) conduct disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

C) conduct disorder.

A child sneaks out of the home every now and then, and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

C) covert-destructive

A person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) histrionic personality disorder. C) dependent personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

C) dependent personality disorder.

If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) borderline personality disorder. C) dependent personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

C) dependent personality disorder.

Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual developmental disorder, because intelligence test scores: A) are not positively correlated with school performance. B) lack reliability. C) don't indicate level of adaptive behavior. D) lack validity.

C) don't indicate level of adaptive behavior.

Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy are all of the following EXCEPT: A) helping parents set realistic goals for their child's behavior. B) teaching the child better skills. C) encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child. D) teaching the parents to use fairer discipline practices

C) encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child.

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of mass murderers? A) a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder B) previous imprisonment C) feelings of persecution and desire for revenge D) being under the influence of illegal substances while killing

C) feelings of persecution and desire for revenge

A large survey of parents and their children shows that parents: A) believe children are more concerned about school than children are. B) believe the greatest worry children have is about their physical appearance. C) generally underestimate how worried their children are. D) are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's worries.

C) generally underestimate how worried their children are.

Individuals with Down syndrome: A) have a different range of personality characteristics just as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. B) have a similar range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. C) have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. D) have a range of personality characteristics similar to those of people with fetal alcohol syndrome.

C) have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome.

The LEAST effective way to deal with conduct disorder is: A) prevention programs. B) teaching children how to deal with their anger. C) having children live in juvenile training centers. D) through family intervention.

C) having children live in juvenile training centers.

Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, he now lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. He would not be considered to have intellectual developmental disorder because: A) he is too old. B) his IQ is not low enough. C) his daily functioning is adequate. D) his condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18

C) his daily functioning is adequate.

When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of: A) obsessive personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.

C) histrionic personality disorder.

Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain rather than cognitive ones, are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders: A) that are appropriately treated by psychotropic medications. B) in adolescents rather than in children. C) in children rather than in adults. D) in children of former generations rather than of the present generation.

C) in children rather than in adults.

Biologically speaking, if one wanted to treat antisocial personality disorder, one would want to ______ the individual with the disorder. A) reduce the degree of interpersonal sensitivity in B) identify those who are modeling antisocial personality disorder for C) increase the anxiety level of D) decrease the rewards available for the antisocial behavior in

C) increase the anxiety level of

If instruments such as the "Big Five" are used to describe personality, rather than relying on DSM-5, then diagnoses of psychological disorder would become: A) more categorical as well as more a matter of degree. B) more categorical and less a matter of degree. C) less categorical and more a matter of degree. D) less categorical as well as less a matter of degree.

C) less categorical and more a matter of degree.

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are: A) about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. B) about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. C) less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. D) more likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

C) less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

Biological factors are NOT the most important causes of which level of intellectual developmental disorder? A) profound B) moderate C) mild D) Biological factors are the most important causes of all of these levels of mental retardation.

C) mild

Imagine that I just stubbed my toe and cried "Ouch." A child with autism, when asked if I was hurt, said, "No," because he wasn't hurt. This inability to take the perspective of another is referred to as: A) excessive logic. B) self-stimulatory behavior. C) mind-blindness. D) sensory overload.

C) mind-blindness.

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing: A) schizoid personality disorder, and will not make much progress in therapy. B) schizoid personality disorder, and will make a great deal of progress in therapy. C) narcissistic personality disorder, and will not make much progress in therapy. D) narcissistic personality disorder, and will make a great deal of progress in therapy.

C) narcissistic personality disorder, and will not make much progress in therapy.

Although lying, even compulsive lying, is not considered a psychological disorder, it is sometimes characteristic of people with: A) paranoid personality disorder. B) depressive disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) anxiety disorder.

C) narcissistic personality disorder.

The personality disorder that is characterized by the need for undying love and admiration is: A) borderline. B) histrionic. C) narcissistic. D) schizotypal.

C) narcissistic.

The five traits to be included in future revisions of the DSM-5 that utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders are: A) conscientiousness, negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition. B) disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism, agreeableness, extroversion. C) negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism. D) detachment, extroversion, neuroticism, antagonism, conscientiousness.

C) negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism.

Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder MAINLY because group therapy: A) allows those in the group to see that others have avoidant personality disorder, too. B) involves an eclectic combination of theoretical approaches. C) provides practice in social interactions. D) requires attendance at therapy sessions.

C) provides practice in social interactions.

Those diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder appear MORE responsive to which kinds of therapy? A) cognitive and biological B) psychodynamic and biological C) psychodynamic and cognitive D) biological and behavioral

C) psychodynamic and cognitive

If future editions of the DSM change to a dimensional approach in the diagnosis of personality disorders, clinicians will have to: A) not do anything differently then they are doing now in diagnosing personality disorders. B) utilize a GAF scale in diagnosing personality disorders. C) rate the degree of dysfunctioning caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders. D) utilize categories versus a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders.

C) rate the degree of dysfunctioning caused by each person's traits in diagnosing personality disorders.

Children with multiple physical and neurological problems that seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be diagnosed with which level of intellectual developmental disorder? A) mild B) moderate C) severe or profound D) They are likely to be diagnosed as having no intellectual development disorder.

C) severe or profound

A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is otherwise high functioning and would have been diagnosed with Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with: A) Asperger's disorder; nothing has changed. B) autism spectrum sisorder. C) social communications sisorder. D) no disorder.

C) social communications disorder.

One especially good reason to use a form of group therapy in the treatment of dependent personality disorder is that: A) the therapist can still control the group, because the participants are so dependent. B) the group members will see how maladaptive the dependent behavior is when they observe it in the other group members. C) the group members can model appropriate behaviors and expression of feelings to one another. D) All of these alternatives are good reasons to use group therapy with those with dependent personality disorder.

C) the group members can model appropriate behaviors and expression of feelings to one another.

The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is: A) the use of cognitive behavioral therapy. B) the use of family therapy. C) the use of adult medications. D) the use of psychodynamic therapy.

C) the use of adult medications.

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that: A) substance abuse causes individuals to develop antisocial personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder causes individuals to abuse substances. C) there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder. D) if individuals stop abusing substances, their antisocial personality disorder will be cured.

C) there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder.

The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that: A) disorders of thought, perception, and attention are present. B) the personality traits are limited to discrete periods of illness. C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress. D) they are social in that they involve an inability to form lasting relationships with other people.

C) they are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress.

Of the following, which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a treatment foster care program? A) family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the original parents B) meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if needed C) training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents, and the biological parents. D) individual treatment with the child, followed by family therapy

C) training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents, and the biological parents.

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with: A) genetic or hormonal predisposition. B) a history of child abuse. C) troubled parent-child relationships. D) poverty.

C) troubled parent-child relationships.

Comorbidity means that: A) one disorder may develop into another. B) one disorder automatically implies the other. C) two disorders may occur together in an individual. D) the appearance of one disorder implies the disappearance of the one that preceded it.

C) two disorders may occur together in an individual.

The parents of those with schizoid personality disorder are MOST likely to have been: A) responsive. B) accepting. C) unaccepting. D) available.

C) unaccepting.

With the help of a therapist, a client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. The client's behavior is: A) common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy. B) common; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder seek help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic therapy. C) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy. D) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving psychodynamic therapy.

C) uncommon; most with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder do not seek help, and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy.

The theorist who describes schizoid personality disorder as developing from coping with parental rejection by avoiding relationships represents the: A) cognitive perspective, B) behavioral perspective. C) existential perspective. D) psychodynamic perspective.

D) psychodynamic perspective.

What would be the BEST answer to give to parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD in response to their questions about what caused it? A) "It is probably due to a brain malformation that can be corrected with surgery." B) "Family dysfunction and high levels of family stress cause ADHD." C) "It results from the reactions of others to a child who is just an active child." D) "Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors."

D) "Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors."

A friend asks your advice about the MOST effective therapy to use for treating borderline personality disorder. Your BEST answer is: A) "There is no effective therapy for borderline personality disorder. B) "If you're going to use a psychodynamic approach, avoid relational therapy. C) "Using drugs is a safe, effective way to treat the disorder." D) "Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective."

D) "Research suggests that dialectical behavior therapy is the most effective."

A child with autism is laughing, but sees another child crying. When asked what the other child is feeling, the child with autism is MOST likely to say: A) "sadness," because of perseveration of sameness. B) "sadness," because of pronominal reversal. C) "happiness," because of lack of responsiveness. D) "happiness," because of mind-blindness.

D) "happiness," because of mind-blindness.

As part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual thoughts, track the accuracy of "magical" predictions, and reconnect with the world and with their limitations. The diagnoses of these clients would MOST likely be in which of the following broad categories of personality disorder? A) "dependent" B) "dramatic" C) "anxious" D) "odd"

D) "odd"

About what percentage of those diagnosed with mental retardation fall into the category of mild intellectual developmental disorder? A) less than 10 percent B) 25 percent C) 55 percent D) 80 to 85 percent

D) 80 to 85 percent

Of the following parents, the ones LEAST likely to have children who receive effective treatment for ADHD are: A) white Americans with private health insurance. B) African Americans with private health insurance. C) white Americans who are Medicaid-insured. D) African Americans who are Medicaid-insured.

D) African Americans who are Medicaid-insured.

What differentiates normal personality characteristics from personality disorders? A) the specific characteristics B) the degree of inflexibility and maladaptiveness C) the length of time one possesses the characteristics D) All the answers are correct.

D) All the answers are correct.

Nations that pioneered "normalization" in the treatment of intellectual developmental disorder include: A) the United States and Canada. B) the former Soviet Union and China. C) Japan and Great Britain. D) Denmark and Sweden.

D) Denmark and Sweden.

Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that: A) MMR vaccinations are probably related to the incidence of autism. B) MMR vaccinations are related to some, but not all of the cases of autism. C) as parents have refused MMR vaccinations for their children, the incidence of autism has declined. D) MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.

D) MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.

In the United States, most teenagers have cell phones and text. Which of the following MOST accurately describes adult cell phone usage? A) Most do not have cell phones, so most do not text. B) About half have cell phones, but most of them do not text. C) Most have cell phones, but most of them do not text. D) Most have cell phones, and most of them text.

D) Most have cell phones, and most of them text.

Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of paranoid personality disorder is MOST accurate? A) Drug therapy generally works best. B) Psychodynamic therapy involving hypnotic regression is often effective. C) Behavioral therapy usually works well, and in relatively few sessions. D) Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.

D) Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.

Only 23 percent of adults report openly expressing their anger. Should they? A) Yes. Venting is a healthy way to express anger. B) Yes. Otherwise, they will develop a personality disorder. C) Yes. Venting is better than walking away from an anger-producing situation. D) No. Ironically, venting appears to make people angrier.

D) No. Ironically, venting appears to make people angrier.

A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives? A) Yes; drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy, and are less expensive. B) Yes; drugs alone work at least as well as drugs plus psychotherapy, but are expensive. C) Maybe; but only if the client is nonsuicidal. D) No; they should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

D) No; they should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

Research has shown that, during infancy and early childhood, autistic children are MORE likely to: A) have parents who divorce than are "normal" children. B) be raised in a family with financial difficulties than are "normal" children. C) have cold, rejecting parents. D) None of the answers are true.

D) None of the answers are true.

A teenager's parents are down on her all the time. When they are not criticizing her, they ignore her. This is an example of: A) punishment. B) sexual abuse. C) parental discipline. D) psychological abuse.

D) psychological abuse.

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) about treatment for adolescent depression, produced three major surprises. Which of the following is NOT true about the study's findings? A) A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy was most effective. B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment. C) Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone. D) The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.

D) The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant.

What does it mean to say that intelligence tests are culturally biased? A) They measure "street smarts," so rural children are disadvantaged. B) They measure abilities that are related to having been in school, disadvantaging home-schooled children. C) They are biased against children who have experienced a great variety of cultures and who are bilingual. D) They are biased in favor of those from middle and upper socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language and typical experiences that the test evaluates.

D) They are biased in favor of those from middle and upper socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language and typical experiences that the test evaluates.

The use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual developmental disorder has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) They do not measure functioning at the low end of the scale adequately. B) They are culturally biased. C) They do not measure adaptive functioning. D) They are not valid predictors of school performance.

D) They are not valid predictors of school performance.

"Let's try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system." Someone saying this would MOST likely favor which approach to classifying personality disorders? A) the traditional DSM-5 approach B) a psychodynamic approach C) a cognitive-behavioral approach D) a dimensional approach

D) a dimensional approach

Which of the following would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder? A) an individual who has deficits in the functioning of both the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex B) an individual who has family members who display many of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder C) an individual who engages in self-injurious behavior while under the influence of illegal substances D) an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

D) an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, it is MOST likely either: A) schizotypal personality disorder or a stress disorder. B) schizotypal personality disorder or a substance-related disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder or a stress disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

D) antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.

Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate: A) a conduct disorder. B) school phobia with acting out. C) dyslexia with childhood anxiety. D) attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

D) attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

The MOST common and successful treatments for encopresis are: A) medication and family therapy. B) behavioral and family therapy. C) bell and pad system. D) behavioral and medical treatments.

D) behavioral and medical treatments.

Assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or "con" others. This outcome would most strongly support which theoretical position? A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) cognitive D) biological

D) biological

The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological emotional or physiological states is characteristic of both: A) schizophrenia and schizoid personality disorder. B) a mass murderer and self-injurious behavior. C) odd and dramatic personality disorders. D) borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.

D) borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.

Gort's parents never quite liked him, probably did not want children in the first place. He just was not accepted. It was clear early in school that Gort had a low opinion of himself and did not know how to interact with the other children. Now he cuts himself and has been to the ER several times. This is a description of the possible development of: A) histrionic personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) schizoid personality disorder. D) borderline personality disorder.

D) borderline personality disorder.

Transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. His history showed other self-destructive behaviors and recklessness. MOST likely, if the man is diagnosed with a personality disorder, it will be: A) paranoid. B) avoidant. C) narcissistic. D) borderline.

D) borderline.

Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that: A) children display depression while adults generally do not. B) children display more symptoms of mania than adults do. C) a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder. D) children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

D) children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

One useful approach to treating enuresis employs: A) insight therapy. B) stimulant drugs. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.

D) classical conditioning.

At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? A) overt-destructive B) overt-nondestructive C) covert-destructive D) covert-nondestructive

D) covert-nondestructive

If an individual has damage to the prefrontal cortex, which of the following symptoms would MOST likely be observed? A) fear and other negative emotions B) a thought disorder C) odd but imaginative language D) deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making

D) deficits in planning, self-control, and decision making

"Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the time, along with "You shouldn't— and can't—do it on your own, so don't even try." A behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood? A) narcissistic B) antisocial C) avoidant D) dependent

D) dependent

Of the following reasons, the LEAST likely to contribute to the differences between African Americans and white Americans in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is: A) economic factors. B) social bias. C) stereotyping. D) differences in drug tolerance.

D) differences in drug tolerance.

Childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are called: A) disruptive disorders. B) anxiety disorders. C) intellectual developmental disorder. D) elimination disorders.

D) elimination disorders.

From which of the following pairs of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood? A) autism spectrum and intellectual developmental disorders B) conduct disorder and specific learning disabilities C) ADHD and separation anxiety D) enuresis and encopresis

D) enuresis and encopresis

If you were trying to learn a new language and you could understand it better than you could speak it, you would be showing symptoms MOST like: A) dyslexia. B) developmental coordination disorder. C) receptive language disorder. D) expressive language disorder.

D) expressive language disorder.

The category of "odd" personality disorders includes the traits of: A) anxiety and fearfulness. B) being highly dramatic, emotional, or erratic. C) inflexibility and total loss of contact with reality. D) extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.

D) extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities.

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with: A) trisomy 21. B) Down syndrome. C) phenylketonuria. D) fragile X syndrome.

D) fragile X syndrome.

Early home intervention programs for those in the "mild" intellectual developmental disorder category: A) provide little help for children because of parental resistance. B) improve overall functioning, but do not improve later performance in school and in adulthood. C) do not improve overall functioning, but do improve later performance in school and in adulthood D) improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school and in adulthood.

D) improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school and in adulthood.

Based on a structured interview, Diagnostician A classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "odd" cluster. Based on another structured interview of the same type, Diagnostician B classifies an individual's personality disorder in the "dramatic" cluster. If what is described here is typical of what happens when that variety of structured interview is used, one would say the structured interview has: A) high reliability and high validity. B) high reliability and low validity. C) low reliability and high validity. D) low reliability and low validity

D) low reliability and low validity

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among: A) unemployed women. B) women with jobs. C) unemployed men. D) men with jobs.

D) men with jobs.

Fred has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork. He lives on the streets by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with: A) depression B) dyslexic. C) schizophrenic. D) mentally retarded.

D) mentally retarded.

A 3-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. The BESTdiagnosis is: A) enuresis. B) encopresis. C) oppositional defiant disorder. D) no diagnosis in this case.

D) no diagnosis in this case.

Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder? A) one with an IQ of 85 and significant difficulty communicating B) one with an IQ of 85 but no other significant difficulties C) one with an IQ of 65 but functioning well in life D) one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

D) one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of: A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) childhood schizophrenia. D) oppositional defiant disorder.

D) oppositional defiant disorder.

Studies of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder show that: A) less than half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and almost none succeed. B) less than half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and over 5 percent succeed. C) over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and almost none succeed. D) over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and about 10 percent succeed.

D) over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and about 10 percent succeed.

If there were several Parents Anonymous groups in a city near you, you could be sure that in that city: A) children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing alcohol, were receiving help. B) children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing alcohol or any other drug, were receiving help C) parents whose children were physically or verbally abusing them were getting help. D) parents who were themselves child abusers were receiving help.

D) parents who were themselves child abusers were receiving help.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as: A) lack of responsiveness. B) communication difficulties. C) rigid and repetitive behavior. D) perserveration of sameness.

D) perserveration of sameness.

A child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about her life, then introduces games and stories to help the child work through her conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving: A) cognitive therapy B) classroom therapy. C) insight therapy. D) play therapy.

D) play therapy.

When a child with autism spectrum disorder says "You want a drink" when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying A) self-stimulatory behavior. B) delayed echolalia. C) limited imagination. D) pronominal reversal.

D) pronominal reversal.

"It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder." This statement MOST likely would be made by someone from which of the following theoretical perspectives? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic

D) psychodynamic

"It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." Which type of psychologist would MOST likely have made that statement? A) behavioral B) cognitive C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic

D) psychodynamic

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.

D) schizotypal personality disorder.

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that: A) if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover. B) separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, while school refusal does not. C) in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school. D) school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear, and separation anxiety.

D) school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear, and separation anxiety.

The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that: A) those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with others, while those with paranoid personality do not. B) paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy; schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy. C) women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men. D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.

D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.