Abnormal Psych Chapter 9- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Sharina has been out drinking with her friends and decides she is too drunk to drive. Which blood alcohol content (BAC) level is considered legally intoxicated in the United States? 0.10 0.0 0.08 0.40

0.08 Correct! Acute alcohol administration results in a variety of changes to consciousness. In the United States a BAC of 0.08 is legally intoxicated.

Drug addiction can be treated, but approximately ________ relapse within a year. 11% 75% 5% 40-60%

40-60% Correct! Drug addiction can be treated, but approximately 40-60% relapse within a year.

________ is considered a depressant because it suppresses central nervous activity. Alcohol Cocaine Opium Marijuana

Alcohol Correct. Alcohol is a depressant that suppresses central nervous activity.

________ is considered a depressant because it suppresses central nervous activity. Marijuana Cocaine Alcohol Opium

Alcohol Correct. Alcohol is a depressant that suppresses central nervous activity.

________ is diagnosed by the recent ingestion of alcohol and clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes that developed during, or shortly after, alcohol ingestion. Delirium tremens Alcohol withdrawal Alcohol intoxication Alcohol hallucinosis

Alcohol intoxication Correct! Alcohol intoxication is diagnosed by the recent ingestion of alcohol and clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes that developed during, or shortly after, alcohol ingestion.

________ combines caffeine dependency with a wide range of unpleasant symptoms including nervousness, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, headaches, and palpitations after caffeine use. Caffeine addiction Caffeinism Caffeine intoxication Caffeine overdose

Caffeinism

The only certain cause of ________ is the prior use of hallucinogens. opioid use disorder stimulant disorder HPPD PCP disorder

HPPD Correct! The only certain cause for HPPD is prior use of hallucinogens.

The only certain cause of ________ is the prior use of hallucinogens. stimulant disorder HPPD PCP disorder opioid use disorder

HPPD Correct! The only certain cause for HPPD is prior use of hallucinogens.

________ is a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences. Alcohol Stimulant Hallucinogen Opioid

Hallucinogen Correct! A hallucinogen is a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

To be diagnosed with a mild alcohol use disorder, a person must display at least two symptoms of the 11 listed in the DSM-5. Which of the following is NOT a question posed in one of the DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder? Have you continued to drink even though it was making you feel depressed or anxious or adding to another health problem? Have you, more than once, wanted to cut down or stop drinking, or tried to, but couldn't? Have you had at least one drink once a week for over a year? Have you ever wanted a drink so badly you couldn't think of anything else?

Have you had at least one drink once a week for over a year? Correct. This is not a question posed in the DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder.

________ is the major opioid drug of abuse. Heroin Codeine Marijuana Cocaine

Heroin Correct. Heroin is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

Which statement correctly describes someone who has a stimulant use disorder? Sally used cocaine twice during the past month. Doug has smoked cigarettes for nearly forty years. While he says he's not dependent on the drug, he's never tried stopping. James craves caffeine, has tried to cut down on his consumption, has developed a tolerance for it, and has had to forego some social activities because of his reliance on caffeine. Cenetria has smoked meth every weekend for nearly two years and suffers from mood swings if she doesn't get it at her usual time.

James craves caffeine, has tried to cut down on his consumption, has developed a tolerance for it, and has had to forego some social activities because of his reliance on caffeine.

________ is a synthetic opioid that is less euphorigenic than heroin and similar drugs. Codeine Methamphetamine Methadone Cocaine

Methadone

________ drugs mimic natural painkillers in the body. Stimulant Psychoactive Cocaine Opioid

Opioid

________ contribute to the most lethal drug epidemic in American history. Opioids Methamphetamines Caffeine Methadone

Opioids Correct! Opioid-related death is the most lethal drug epidemic in American history.

This hallucinogen was developed in the 1950s as a general anesthetic for surgery. dextromethorphan ketamine PCP salvia

PCP

This hallucinogen was developed in the 1950s as a general anesthetic for surgery. salvia dextromethorphan ketamine PCP

PCP Correct! PCP was developed in the 1950s as a general anesthetic for surgery, but it is no longer used for this purpose due to serious side effects.

________ involves changes in normal bodily functions, where the user will experience withdrawal from the drug upon cessation of use. Tolerance Psychological dependence Substance use disorder Physical dependence

Physical dependence Correct! Physical dependence involves changes in normal bodily functions, where the user will experience withdrawal from the drug upon cessation of use.

________ is marked by clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes that developed during, or shortly after, use of a stimulant. Methamphetamine Stimulant intoxication Euphoric high Stimulant withdrawal

Stimulant intoxication Correct! Stimulant intoxication is marked by clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes that developed during, or shortly after, use of a stimulant.

________ increase overall levels of neural activity. Antipsychotics Hallucinogens Depressants Stimulants

Stimulants Correct. Stimulants increase levels of neural activity.

________ is linked to physiological dependence and occurs when a person requires more and more of the drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses. Withdrawal A stimulant A psychoactive drug Tolerance

Tolerance Correct! Tolerance is linked to physiological dependence and occurs when a person requires more and more of the drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses.

Raul has been a heavy drinker nearly all his adult life. At age 50, he begins having some problems with his health and also has some issues with memory loss that have worried his family. After bringing it up with his physician, they feel that Raul may have Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. cancer. liver damage. diazepam.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Correct! Heavy drinking can result in mental illness, delirium tremens, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (memory loss), irregular heartbeat, an impaired immune response, liver cirrhosis, and increased cancer risk.

Which patient may be more likely to use opioids? a patient who wants to maintain increased levels of alertness and arousal a patient who seeks arousal and rewards within the central nervous system a patient deficient in dopamine a patient with high levels of endorphins

a patient deficient in dopamine

If the effects of all psychoactive drugs occur through their interactions with neurotransmitter systems, what is it that facilitates the activity of a neurotransmitter system? tolerance hallucinogen antagonist agonist

agonist

Drugs affect the communication within a given neurotransmitter system. A(n) ________ accelerates the activity between neurons. hallucinogen agonist compulsive pattern antagonist

agonist Correct! Drugs can act as agonists or antagonists of a given neurotransmitter system. An agonist facilitates the activity of a neurotransmitter system.

Depressants are ________ of the GABA neurotransmitter, which has a quieting effect on the brain. agonists stimulants inhibitors antagonists

agonists Correct! Agonists are a substance that initiate a physiological response to a receptor.

What is the diagnosis given for clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes that develop during, or shortly after, alcohol ingestion? alcohol hallucinosis alcohol withdrawal delirium tremens alcohol intoxication

alcohol intoxication

Michael is a successful businessman, but his wife is concerned about his irritability when he arrives home after work. As soon as Michael walks in the door at home, his immediate focus is on his first cocktail of the evening. He doesn't seem to be able to focus on anything else until he has his first of three drinks for the evening. He has tried to stop while on vacation and away from the office, but always reverts to his evening ritual, and several times has ended up drinking more. Which DSM-5 term describes Michael's behavior? alcohol tolerance alcohol use disorder alcohol intoxication alcohol withdrawal

alcohol use disorder Correct! Alcohol use disorder is any drinking of alcohol that results in mental and/or physical health problems ranging anywhere from mild and imperceptible without special testing to severe and grossly overt.

Which drug has a mechanism of action quite similar to cocaine, in that it blocks the reuptake of dopamine? caffeine amphetamines benzodiazepines nicotine

amphetamines Correct! Amphetamines have a mechanism of action quite similar to cocaine in that they block the reuptake of dopamine in addition to stimulating its release and are often prescribed to children diagnosed with ADHD.

Benzodiazepines like Xanax, prescribed for short-term and long-term relief of severe and disabling anxiety, are an example of a/an hypnotic drug. anxiolytic drug. sedative drug. opioid drug.

anxiolytic drug.

Which medications, known for reducing anxiety, are also known as minor tranquilizers? codeine anxiolytics hypnotics opioids

anxiolytics Correct! Anxiolytic drugs decrease activity, moderate excitement and have a calming effect.

Gregory has been smoking for 31 years and is ready to finally quit. Which drugs would be an option for treating his nicotine addiction? acetaminophen topiramate alpha-blockers and benzodiazepines bupropion and varenicline

bupropion and varenicline

What is the most commonly used stimulant in the world? marijuana nicotine caffeine amphetamine

caffeine Correct! Caffeine is the most commonly used stimulant in the world.

Which is the most commonly identified illicit substance used by people admitted to treatment facilities? stimulants LSD cannabis PCP

cannabis

Which psychoactive drug, used for recreational or medical purposes, may have side effects to include euphoria, difficulty concentrating, relaxation, and an increase in appetite? alcohol heroin cannabis stimulants

cannabis Correct! Cannabis has various mental and physical effects, which include euphoria, altered states of mind and sense of time, difficulty concentrating, impaired short-term memory and body movement, relaxation, and an increase in appetite.

Which psychoactive drug, used for recreational or medical purposes, may have side effects to include euphoria, difficulty concentrating, relaxation, and an increase in appetite? stimulants cannabis heroin alcohol

cannabis Correct! Cannabis has various mental and physical effects, which include euphoria, altered states of mind and sense of time, difficulty concentrating, impaired short-term memory and body movement, relaxation, and an increase in appetite.

Long-term adverse effects of this drug may include addiction, decreased mental ability in those who started regular use as adolescents, chronic coughing, and susceptibility to respiratory infections. cannabis MDMA hypnotics heroin

cannabis Correct! Long-term adverse effects for cannabis may include addiction, decreased mental ability in those who started regular use as adolescents, chronic coughing, and susceptibility to respiratory infections.

Richard is a college sophomore who enjoys school, but with the recent switch to virtual learning, finds he has more time than expected in his daily schedule. He enjoys cannabis, but is tired of his increased hunger and appetite in the middle of the night. Recently, Richard has started experiencing a reduced ability to focus directly and is unable to verbalize full, coherent sentences because he is not able to find the right words. Which of the following may Richard be experiencing? cannabis induced sleep disorder cannabis induced psychotic disorder cannabis intoxication delirium cannabis induced anxiety disorder

cannabis intoxication delirium

Which of the following approaches helps patients learn how their thought processes play a role in developing their behavior? emetic therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy multisystemic therapy aversion therapy

cognitive-behavioral therapy Correct! CBT is used to help patients learn how their thought processes play a role in developing their behavior.

What drug class can be defined as a psychoactive drug that reduces the activity of the CNS? stimulants depressants opioids hallucinogens

depressants

Alcohol and barbiturates are examples of hallucinogens. stimulants. identity crisis. depressants.

depressants Correct. Alcohol and barbiturates are examples of depressants.

Which therapy has been used to induce aversion for cocaine dependency? emetic therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy motivational interviewing multidimensional family therapy

emetic therapy

Regina attends a college reunion party and has two drinks. At this point she is likely feeling ________, though if she continues to drink she will probably feel ________. disoriented; alert relaxed; euphoric hyper; relaxed euphoric; sedated

euphoric; sedated Correct. At rather low doses, alcohol use is associated with feelings of euphoria. As the dose increases, people report feeling sedated. Generally, alcohol is associated with decreases in reaction time and visual acuity, lowered levels of alertness, and reduction in behavioral control.

If Jonah wanted to try cocaine after seeing it glamorously portrayed in a movie, a psychologist could argue that he was motivated by the epigenetic theory. personality theory. expectancy theory. self-medication hypothesis.

expectancy theory.

Drinking during pregnancy can result in delirium tremens. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. mental illness. fetal alcohol syndrome disorders.

fetal alcohol syndrome disorders. Correct! Drinking during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol syndrome disorders.

Which factor probably plays a bigger role in determining the risk of an individual developing an addiction? genetics age mental illness education

genetics

Angela has struggled with drugs for quite some time and now has started using Angel Dust. This drug was developed in the 1950s as a general anesthetic for surgery, but it is no longer used for this purpose due to serious side effects. Angela experiences numbness in the extremities and intoxication, characterized by staggering, unsteady gait, auditory hallucinations, and loss of balance. Which category does this drug fall under? opioid hallucinogen stimulant depressant

hallucinogen

Which disorder includes non-psychotic flashbacks, visual hallucinations, or distortions? inhalant use disorder phencyclidine use disorder (PCP) hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) phencyclidine intoxication

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) Correct! Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a chronic disorder in which a person has non-psychotic flashbacks of visual hallucinations or distortions.

This drug category has been used for religious rituals. MDMA cocaine barbiturates hallucinogens

hallucinogens Correct! People have used hallucinogens for religious or healing rituals. More recently, people report using these drugs for recreational purposes, to deal with stress, or just to feel different.

Which drugs could best be defined as psychoactive drugs that alter sensation and perception and that may create hallucinations? depressants stimulants hallucinogens opioids

hallucinogens That's correct! The four primary classes of psychoactive drugs are stimulants, depressants, opioids, and hallucinogens. The drugs that produce the most extreme alteration of consciousness are the hallucinogens. Hallucinogens are defined as psychoactive drugs that alter sensation and perception and that may create hallucinations. The hallucinogens are frequently known as "psychedelics." Drugs in this class include lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD or "acid"), mescaline, and phencyclidine (PCP), as well as a number of natural plants including cannabis (marijuana), peyote, and psilocybin (shrooms).

Hallucinogens leads to an increase in energy, a reduced appetite, an increased alertness and a boost in confidence. have a quieting effect and may be prescribed to treat both anxiety and insomnia. are an illegal psychoactive drug primarily used to achieve increased energy and pleasure. have been used for religious or healing rituals.

have been used for religious or healing rituals.

Which drug's main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep? hypnotic anxiolytic sedative opioids

hypnotic

Which disorder is associated with using household and industrial propellants like glues and fuels as recreational drugs for their intoxicating effect? hallucinogen persisting perception disorder phencyclidine use disorder (PCP) inhalant use disorder phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication

inhalant use disorder Correct! Using household and industrial propellants like glues and fuels as recreational drugs for their intoxicating effect is known as inhalant use disorder.

Stimulants include alcohol and marijuana. nicotine and cocaine. aspirin and codeine. LSD and methamphetamine.

nicotine and cocaine. Correct. Nicotine and cocaine are both classified as stimulants.

Opioids are used in medical settings primarily because of the pain-relieving properties. they have a low level of abuse. they can be injected intravenously. they are widely available in poppy plants.

of the pain-relieving properties. Correct! Opioids are used in medical settings primarily because of the pain-relieving properties.

Julie recently had shoulder surgery to repair a tear in her acromioclavicular joint. She recovered successfully, but grew to like the feelings of calmness and happiness that her prescription drugs induced. She didn't understand it was the increase in endorphins that were creating these feelings of pleasure. Sadly, the majority of Julie's time is now spent focusing on how she will obtain this drug. depressant stimulant opioid hallucinogen

opioid Correct! Opioids decrease pain and create feelings of pleasure.

A strong desire to use heroin, increased tolerance to heroin, difficulty fulfilling obligations, trouble reducing use, and withdrawal symptoms with discontinuation are all signs of a/an opioid use disorder. opioid withdrawal. stimulant use disorder. stimulant use withdrawal.

opioid use disorder. Correct! Heroin is a type of opioid, and these are all signs of the disorder, as indicated by meeting at least two of the eleven criteria identified in the DSM-5.

A strong desire to use heroin, increased tolerance to heroin, difficulty fulfilling obligations, trouble reducing use, and withdrawal symptoms with discontinuation are all signs of a/an stimulant use disorder. opioid use disorder. stimulant use withdrawal. opioid withdrawal.

opioid use disorder. Correct! Heroin is a type of opioid, and these are all signs of the disorder, as indicated by meeting at least two of the eleven criteria identified in the DSM-5.

Fentanyl and OxyContin are examples of prescription opioids being misused at alarming rates. MDMA stimulants. illegal drugs being sold over the internet. narcotic antagonists.

prescription opioids being misused at alarming rates.

In the United States, a majority of heroin users begin by using . cocaine. nicotine. prescription opioids. caffeine.

prescription opioids. Correct! In the United States, a majority of heroin users begin by using prescription opioids.

Which idea proposes that an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological ailments? expectancy theory personality theory self-medication hypothesis epigenetic inheritance

self-medication hypothesis Correct! Self-medication hypothesis is the idea that an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological ailments.

Cocaine, amphetamine, and MDMA are all central nervous ________ that agonize dopamine neurotransmission. transmitters stimulants depressants hallucinogens

stimulants

These drugs act as agonists of the dopamine neurotransmitter system and are often associated with rewards and cravings. hypnotics stimulants depressants alcohol

stimulants Correct! Stimulants act as agonists of the dopamine neurotransmitter system and are often associated with rewards and cravings.

The use of ________ causes rapid weight loss, cardiovascular effects such as an increase in heart rate; respirations and blood pressure; emotional or mental side effects such as paranoia, anxiety, and aggression; and a change in the survival pathway known as the reward/reinforcement pathway in our brains. depressants stimulants alcohol barbiturates

stimulants Correct! The use of stimulants in humans causes rapid weight loss, cardiovascular effects such as an increase in heart rate; respirations and blood pressure; emotional or mental side effects such as paranoia, anxiety, and aggression; and a change in the survival pathway known as the reward/reinforcement pathway in our brains.

The severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is based on the number of impairment in attention or memory episodes. the number of criteria met in the DSM-5. the number of health problems faced as a result of drinking. number of euphoric and lowered social inhibition episodes.

the number of criteria met in the DSM-5. Correct! The severity of AUD is based on the number of criteria met in the DSM-5.

Which of the following is a highly structured program where both staff and those in recovery influence attitudes and behaviors associated with drug use? therapeutic communities shorter-term residential treatment mutual help groups recovery housing

therapeutic communities

What is the goal of sedative drugs? decrease pain initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep reduce and treat anxiety to calm or relieve anxiety

to calm or relieve anxiety