Abnormal Psych: Eating and Sleeping Disorders

Individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa often have a distorted body image, known as a type of ________, meaning that they view themselves as overweight even though they are not. body mass index neuroendocrine dysregulation body dysmorphia metabolic rate

body dysmorphia Correct! Individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa often have a distorted body image, known as a type of body dysmorphia, meaning that they view themselves as overweight even though they are not.

A troubling characteristic for many individuals with anorexia nervosa is they see themselves as overweight even when they are not. This distorted body image is known as body mass index. body dysmorphia. neuroendocrine dysregulation. metabolic rate.

body dysmorphia.

The rates of this disorder increased during the 1980s and early 1990s and have remained stable since then. anorexia nervosa bulimia binge eating avoidant food intake disorder

bulimia

Purging food by inducing vomiting or through the use of laxatives are two common compensatory behaviors used by people suffering from which disorder? binge eating avoidant food intake disorder anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa

bulimia nervosa Correct! Purging food by inducing vomiting or through the use of laxatives are two common compensatory behaviors used by people suffering from bulimia nervosa.

Symptoms of this disorder include a chronically inflamed and sore throat, worn tooth enamel, severe dehydration from purging of fluids, and/or electrolyte imbalance. anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa binge eating avoidant food intake disorder

bulimia nervosa Correct! Symptoms of bulimia nervosa include a chronically inflamed and sore throat, worn tooth enamel, severe dehydration from purging of fluids, and/or electrolyte imbalance.

Prozac and vyvanse have been approved by the FDA to treat bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. psilocybin and ketamine. psychedelic and psychedelic-adjacent medicines. anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. Correct! Prozac and vyvanse have been approved by the FDA to treat bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.

This effective, family-oriented therapy for people suffering from anorexia or other eating disorders guides the family through their recovery and has three phases to help the person with anorexia recover: weight restoration, return of control to the adolescent, and then establishing a healthy identity. dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) Maudsley method medication cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

Maudsley method Correct! The Maudsley method is an effective, family-oriented therapy for people suffering from anorexia or other eating disorders guides the family through their recovery and has three phases to help the person with anorexia recover: weight restoration, return of control to the adolescent, and then establishing a healthy identity.

________ generally provide the most rapid symptomatic relief from some sleep disturbances. Mechanical devices to alleviate pressure Paradoxical intention Medications and somatic treatments Reframing how people think about sleep and the act of sleeping

Medications and somatic treatments

During which period of sleep does dreaming occur? stage two stage one. REM stage three

REM Correct! REM is the period of sleep in which dreaming occur

This disorder is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. In fact, this relationship is so robust that some view the presence of this disorder as a potential aid in the diagnosis and treatment of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. nightmare disorder somnambulism REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) restless leg syndrome

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) Correct! REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. In fact, this relationship is so robust that some view the presence of RBD as a potential aid in the diagnosis and treatment of a number of neurodegenerative diseases.

This disorder occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur. Individuals who suffer from this disorder have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams. restless leg syndrome somnambulism REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) nightmare disorder

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) Correct! REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur. Individuals who suffer from RBD have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams.

When the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur, clonazepam, an anti-anxiety medication with sedative properties, is most often used to treat restless leg syndrome. somnambulism. night terrors. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Correct! Clonazepam, an anti-anxiety medication with sedative properties, is most often used to treat RBD.

Michael hasn't been sleeping well for several years. His family is concerned because Michael often wakes in the middle of the night kicking and screaming. When his family tries to wake him, he remembers having vivid nightmares which may be impacting his ability to get a good night's sleep. An overnight sleep study may reveal Michael has obstructive sleep apnea. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). night terrors. somnambulism.

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Correct! Individuals who suffer from RBD have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams. These behaviors vary widely, but they can include kicking, punching, scratching, yelling, and behaving like an animal that has been frightened or attacked.

The major contributing factors to this sleep disorder include age, drug use, exercise, mental health, and bedtime routines. parasomnia insomnia insufficient sleep syndrome narcolepsy

insomnia Correct! The major contributing factors to insomnia include age, drug use, exercise, mental health, and bedtime routines.

Treatment for this disorder may include limiting use of stimulant drugs (such as caffeine), increasing the amount of physical exercise during the day, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, or prescribed sleep medications. insomnia hypersomnia somnambulism (sleepwalking) narcolepsy

insomnia Correct! Treatment for insomnia may include limiting use of stimulant drugs (such as caffeine), increasing the amount of physical exercise during the day, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, or prescribed sleep medications.

Jackson's family is becoming more and more concerned about his eating habits. Jackson is seven years old, but can't be left alone in his room because he has started eating away at his mattress. Jackson's Mom thought he would just outgrow this odd behavior, but now she is starting to see chunks of the mattress in the toilet when he goes to the bathroom. His Mom made an appointment to see a doctor because this has been going on for several months and she's worried the mattress buildup may start blocking his internal organs. Which eating disorder may Jackson have? BED pica rumination ARFID

pica Correct! Pica is a psychological disorder characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive.

This disorder is most commonly seen in pregnant women, small children, vitamin-deficient children, malnourished children, and people with intellectual disabilities. pica rumination binge eating avoidant/restrictive food intake

pica Correct! Pica is most commonly seen in pregnant women, small children, vitamin deficient children, malnourished children, and people with intellectual disabilities.

Sleep-wake cycles seem to be controlled by multiple brain areas acting in conjunction with one another. Which brain area is important for regulating rapid eye movement (REM) sleep? pineal gland hypothalamus pons pituitary gland

pons

Sleep-wake cycles seem to be controlled by multiple brain areas acting in conjunction with one another. Which brain area is important for regulating rapid eye movement (REM) sleep? pons pineal gland pituitary gland hypothalamus

pons Correct! Sleep-wake cycles seem to be controlled by multiple brain areas acting in conjunction with one another. The pons is important for regulating rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

The courses of treatment for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are different for adults and children. For adults, the most common form of therapy is CBT. For children, there is a four-stage, in-home treatment protocol with the following stages: review, relax, reward, and record. Record, review, relax, and reward. record, reward, relax, and review. relax, review, reward, and record.

record, reward, relax, and review.

This disorder is defined by episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops. The episodes can last 10-20 seconds or longer and often are associated with brief periods of arousal. narcolepsy hypersomnia sleep apnea sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

sleep apnea Correct! Sleep apnea is defined by episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops. The episodes can last 10-20 seconds or longer and often are associated with brief periods of arousal.

________ most often occurs during slow-wave sleep. Parasomnias Somnambulism Nightmare disorders Night terrors

Somnambulism

A person with hypersomnia experiences *falling asleep involuntarily and perhaps experience cataplexy and vivid, dream-like hallucinations. *a pathological state that is characterized by a lack of alertness during waking experiences in the day for at least three months. *muscle paralysis when the REM sleep phase does not occur. *unwanted, disruptive motor activity, or other experiences during sleep.

a pathological state that is characterized by a lack of alertness during waking experiences in the day for at least three months.

Contributing factors for insomnia include age, drug use, exercise, mental health, and bedtime routines. experiencing emotional arousal or stress. limited REM sleep. nightmares occurring REM sleep.

age, drug use, exercise, mental health, and bedtime routines.

Patients diagnosed with hypersomnolence disorder should avoid alcohol and caffeine. changes in behavior and diet. the stimulant modafinil. stimulants such as amphetamine and methylphenidate.

alcohol and caffeine. Correct! Patients diagnosed with hypersomnolence disorder should avoid alcohol and caffeine.

Which mental disorder has the highest mortality rate? anorexia nervosa post-traumatic stress disorder bipolar disorder major depressive disorder

anorexia nervosa Correct! Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder.

People with bulimia nervosa often suffer from ________, and are at an increased risk for substance abuse. cyclothymic disorder and bipolar disorder major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder anxiety and post-traumatic disorder anxiety and depression

anxiety and depression Correct! People with bulimia nervosa often suffer from anxiety and depression and are at an increased risk for substance abuse.

Although individuals with this disorder may experience physical gastrointestinal reactions to adverse foods such as retching, vomiting, or gagging, most will still maintain a healthy or typical body weight. bulimia binge eating anorexia nervosa avoidant/restrictive food intake

avoidant/restrictive food intake Correct! Although individuals with ARFID may experience physical gastrointestinal reactions to adverse foods such as retching, vomiting, or gagging, most will still maintain a healthy or typical body weight.

Individuals with this disorder have a significant disturbance in eating or feeding, associated with an apparent lack of interest in eating or food. binge eating bulimia avoidant/restrictive food intake anorexia nervosa

avoidant/restrictive food intake Correct! Individuals with ARFID have a significant disturbance in eating or feeding, associated with an apparent lack of interest in eating or food.

Building an association between the bedroom and sleep by limiting the type of activities allowed in the bedroom is an example of which type of approach to treating sleep disorders? behavioral approach biological approach cognitive approach psychodynamic approach

behavioral approach Correct! Building an association between the bedroom and sleep by limiting the type of activities allowed in the bedroom is an example of the behavioral approach to treating sleep disorders.

What is the main treatment of rumination disorder? nutritional support, psychological counseling, and behavioral modification medication systematic desensitization with in-home treatment behavioral therapy

behavioral therapy Correct! The main treatment of rumination disorder is behavioral therapy. Treatment may involve habitat reversal strategies, relaxation, diaphragmatic breathing, and biofeedback.

This eating disorder is the most prevalent because it affects the highest number of females and males. anorexia nervosa binge eating avoidant food intake disorder bulimia

binge eating

This disorder is not regularly followed by activities intended to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or enema misuse, or strenuous exercise. bulimia anorexia disorder binge eating avoidant food intake disorder

binge eating Correct! Binge eating episodes are not regularly followed by activities intended to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or enema misuse, or strenuous exercise.

Individuals with this eating disorder often have characteristics including obesity, depression, low-self esteem, stress, or boredom. avoidant food intake disorder anorexia nervosa bulimia binge eating

binge eating Correct! Individuals with BED often have obesity, depression, low-self esteem, stress, or boredom.

Which is the most prevalent eating disorder, affecting approximately 2.8% of females and 1% of males? anorexia nervosa binge eating disorder avoidant food intake disorder bulimia

binge eating disorder

When ________ drop(s), the pancreas and liver generate a number of chemical signals that induce hunger and thus initiates feeding behavior. blood glucose levels satiation body weight leptin

blood glucose levels Correct! When blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas and liver generate a number of chemical signals that induce hunger and thus initiates feeding behavior.

Nearly all people with narcolepsy who have ________ have extremely low levels of the naturally occurring chemical hypocretin, which promotes wakefulness and regulates REM sleep. cataplexy sight terrors REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) somnambulism

cataplexy

The ________ approach in treating sleep disorders focuses on reframing how people think about sleep and the act of sleeping to provoke change in their thoughts and sleeping habits. psychodynamic behavioral biological cognitive

cognitive Correct! The cognitive approach in treating sleep disorders focuses on reframing how people think about sleep and the act of sleeping to provoke change in their thoughts and sleeping habits.

This therapy is a relatively short-term, symptom-oriented therapy focusing on the beliefs, values, and cognitive processes aimed at modifying distorted beliefs and attitudes about eating disorders. cognitive-behavioral therapy dialectical behavior therapy sociocultural approaches biological treatments

cognitive-behavioral therapy

One of the most common treatments for sleep apnea involves continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. tracheostomy. lower jaw advancement. hyoid advancement.

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. Correct! One of the most common treatments for sleep apnea involves the use of a special device during sleep, a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.

Paradoxical intention might consist of having a first-degree relative with the same sleep disorder. having a person stay awake as long as they can to facilitate sleep. using melatonin to fall asleep faster. using CPAP or BiPAP breathing devices in order to stay asleep.

having a person stay awake as long as they can to facilitate sleep. Correct! Paradoxical intention is one technique that has a patient participate in their most feared behavior, such as staying awake.

A person with this disorder experiences a pathological state that is characterized by a lack of alertness during waking experiences in the day for at least three months. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) hypersomnia parasomnia narcolepsy

hypersomnia

This sleep disorder may originate from another sleep disorder, dysfunction of the nervous system, drug or alcohol abuse, other physical problems, or other medical conditions. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) insomnia hypersomnia parasomnia

hypersomnia

If an adult patient has lost 15% of their set point body weight, it is recommended that they participate in inpatient treatment or a highly structured outpatient program. nutritional support. media exposure. alternating meal times.

inpatient treatment or a highly structured outpatient program.

People with this disorder have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep for at least three nights a week for a one-month period. narcolepsy insomnia insufficient sleep syndrome parasomnia

insomnia Correct! People with insomnia have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep for at least three nights a week for a one-month period.

Once patients gain enough weight to benefit from psychotherapy and behavioral interventions, the goal of treatment shifts from medical stabilization and gaining weight to learning how to recognize their distorted thinking about food. increasing exercise routines. a review of obstetric complications. genetic testing.

learning how to recognize their distorted thinking about food. Correct! Once patients gain enough weight to benefit from psychotherapy and behavioral interventions, the goal of treatment shifts from medical stabilization and gaining weight to learning how to recognize their distorted thinking about food.

Although there is tremendous individual variability, a person's ________ is the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time. set point theory satiation blood glucose level metabolic rate

metabolic rate Correct! Although there is tremendous individual variability, a person's metabolic rate is the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time.

People with high rates of ________ are able to burn off calories more easily than those with lower rates. metabolism blood glucose levels body mass index satiation

metabolism

According to the DSM-5, which deficiencies are occasionally associated with pica? vitamin A mineral organic B12

mineral Correct! According to the DSM-5, mineral deficiencies are occasionally associated with pica.

Although the cause of this disorder is not completely understood, current research suggests it may be the result of a combination of factors working together to cause a lack of hypocretin, including autoimmune disorders, family history, and brain injuries. somnambulism insomnia REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) narcolepsy

narcolepsy

Not everyone with ________ can consistently maintain a fully normal state of alertness using currently available medications. Drug therapy should accompany various lifestyle changes, which include taking short naps; maintaining a regular sleep schedule; avoiding caffeine or alcohol before bed; exercising daily; and avoiding large, heavy meals right before bedtime. sleep apnea night terrors insomnia narcolepsy

narcolepsy Correct! A few of the lifestyle changes recommended for narcolepsy include taking short naps; maintaining a regular sleep schedule; avoiding caffeine or alcohol before bed; exercising daily; and avoiding large, heavy meals right before bedtime.

Although there is no cure for this disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy can be controlled in most individuals with medications. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) narcolepsy night terrors restless leg syndrome

narcolepsy Correct! Although there is no cure for this disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy can be controlled in most individuals with medications.

Although individuals suffering from this sleep disorder appear to be awake, they generally have no memories of the events that occurred, and attempts to console them are ineffective. hypersomnolence disorder night terrors narcolepsy nightmare disorder

night terrors Correct! Although individuals suffering from night terrors appear to be awake, they generally have no memories of the events that occurred, and attempts to console them are ineffective.

An adult with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 is considered obese. overweight. underweight. morbidly obese.

overweight Correct! An adult with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight.

This term is Latin for magpie and the types of cravings for someone with this disorder may include sharp objects, dust, vomit, or clay. pica avoidant/restrictive food intake rumination binge eating

pica

This disorder is characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive, such as ice, soap, hair, paper, metal, soil, stones, glass, or chalk. bulimia rumination pica anorexia nervosa

pica Correct! Pica is a psychological disorder characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive, such as ice, soap, hair, paper, metal, soil, stones, glass, or chalk.

This approach on eating disorders focuses on understanding the unconscious forces and motives that influence the disorder. psychodynamic view cognitive behavioral therapy biological behavioral view

psychodynamic view Correct! The psychodynamic view on eating disorders focuses on understanding the unconscious forces and motives that influence the disorder.

Anorexia nervosa has many contributing factors, is a multifaceted mental health illness, and is more likely to occur during late adulthood. puberty. childhood. obstetrical complications.

puberty. Correct! Anorexia nervosa has many contributing factors, is a multifaceted mental health illness, and is more likely to occur during puberty.

Signs and symptoms of this disorder, which may occur following a viral illness, include the backward flow of recently eaten food from the stomach to the mouth and typically occurs immediately to 15 to 30 minutes after eating. rumination avoidant/restrictive food intake binge eating bulimia

rumination

This disorder may occur following a viral illness, emotional stress, or physical injury. It is theorized that while the initial stressor improves, an altered sensation in the abdomen persists. avoidant/restrictive food intake bulimia anorexia nervosa rumination

rumination

This eating disorder is characterized by having the contents of the stomach regurgitated, and either re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out and is not attributed to other gastrointestinal or medical issues. rumination anorexia nervosa bulimia avoidant/restrictive food intake

rumination

Which neurotransmitter, known for being involved in depression, has an inhibitory effect on eating behavior? dopamine serotonin neuropeptide Y ghrelin

serotonin

Robert finds he is less effective at work and has trouble focusing on tasks assigned by his supervisor. He shares with his wife that he is feeling more and more tired and just doesn't understand what is going on with his body. Robert's wife says, "Now that you say that, I've noticed you've been snoring more often than usual." What may Robert be experiencing? sleep apnea REM sleep behavior disorder narcolepsy parasomnia

sleep apnea Correct! Sleep apnea is defined by episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops and may experience increased levels of fatigue. Many individuals diagnosed with sleep apnea first seek treatment because their sleeping partners indicate that they snore loudly and/or stop breathing for extended periods of time while sleeping.

Somnambulism most often occurs during slow wave sleep. the REM stages of sleep. NREM phase of sleep. either REM or NREM phases of sleep.

slow wave sleep.

During periods of this sleep disorder, sleepers often have their eyes open, but they are not responsive to attempts to communicate with them. night terrors somnambulism nightmare disorder narcolepsy

somnambulism

This stage of NREM sleep is a transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep, the period during which we drift off to sleep. stage one stage two stage three stage four known as REM

stage one

This stage of sleep is also referred to as slow wave sleep. stage two stage one stage three stage four

stage three

Recommendations to place infants on their backs when put down to sleep and that cribs should not contain any items that pose suffocation threats are to prevent sleep apnea. central sleep apnea. obstructive sleep apnea. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Correct! Recommendations to place infants on their backs when put down to sleep and that cribs should not contain any items that pose suffocation threats are to prevent SIDS.

This effective family therapy occurs in three phases to help patients and their families in recovery from an eating disorder. Maudsley method dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) medication

Maudsley method