Abnormal Psych Final Exam Review

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Freud? d. Freud tended to pathologize people, viewing most behaviors—no matter how small—as evidence of underlying psychosexual conflicts. b. Freud developed his theories based on case studies, resulting in significant issues of generalizability. a. Freud refused to change his beliefs during his career, defending his topographic model of the mind to the end. c. Many of Freud's ideas such a repression, dream analysis, and psychosexual stages have very little scientific support.

WRONG b. Freud developed his theories based on case studies, resulting in significant issues of generalizability.

According to the recorded lecture, the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM): fails to account for social factors that impact mental illness. uses personal experiences and feelings as the main criteria for diagnosis. incorporates a continuum perspective on disorders. is theoretically-based on the behavioral perspective.

WRONG ANSWER fails to account for social factors that impact mental illness.

WRONG In addition to antisocial personality disorder, what other disorder did the psychiatrist who interviewed Richard Kuklinski in the Iceman documentary diagnose him with? Paranoid Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

WRONG Borderline Personality Disorder

A man is experiencing violent seizures about twice a day. To address the issue, he has holes drilled into his head. This treatment is most in line with ____. b. the sociocultural perspective c. the social oppression perspective a. the modern biological perspective d. the demonological perspective

WRONG b. the sociocultural perspective

****Which disorders are likely linked to images in the media? a. Bulimia b. Anorexia d. Anorexia, bulimia, and muscle dysmorphia c. Anorexia and bulimia

WRONG c. Anorexia and bulimia

****The DSM-5 and ICD-10 are structured in a manner that most reflects which of the following perspectives? b. Behavioral d. Psychodynamic c. Medical a. Sociocultural

WRONG d. Psychodynamic

A strength of the perspective is that it is clinically rich and has ample case studies to describe its ideas. However, some will argue that it is culturally biased and has sexist views about women. b. behavioral d. sociocultural c. multicultural a. Psychodynamic

WRONG d. sociocultural

If Dr. Leimeyer's therapy focuses on clients' interpersonal role transitions, interpersonal role disputes, grief, and interpersonal sensitivity, he is probably using _________ . c. dynamic interpersonal therapy d. Beck's cognitive triangle a. interpersonal therapy b. problem-solving therapy

a. interpersonal therapy

Classic psychoanalysis conceptualizes anorexia as caused by conflicts of the _____ stage. a. oral b. anal d. genital c. phallic

a. oral

According to the film, Dying To Be Thin, which of the following is NOT true? GABA and Acetylcholine play the most prominent roles to the development of anorexia. Females between 15-24 years old are at greatest risk of developing an eating disorder. Individuals with anorexia appear to worry about consequences of behavior and are considered to be "harm avoiders." Eating disorders are considered one of the deadliest psychiatric conditions.

GABA and Acetylcholine play the most prominent roles to the development of anorexia.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in __________. a. stress, immunity, mood regulation, and the production of cortisol b. keeping the status quo of body temperature and body weight c. breathing, heart rate, appetite, blood pressure, and pupil dilation d. memory, emotion, and the secretion of neurotransmitters

a. stress, immunity, mood regulation, and the production of cortisol

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in __________. d. memory, emotion, and the secretion of neurotransmitters b. keeping the status quo of body temperature and body weight c. breathing, heart rate, appetite, blood pressure, and pupil dilation a. stress, immunity, mood regulation, and the production of cortisol

a. stress, immunity, mood regulation, and the production of cortisol

Which perspective would assume that many mental disorders are diseases of the brain? d. Psychodynamic c. Sociocultural b. Biological a. Cognitive

b. Biological

How might a family's expressed emotion and accommodation impact a person who is being treated for anxiety? c. Expressed emotion would be helpful, but accommodation would be harmful. b. Both would interfere with the person's treatment. a. Both would be helpful for the person's treatment. d. Accommodation would be helpful, but expressed emotion would be harmful.

b. Both would interfere with the person's treatment.

Which of the following is NOT true of dissociation? a. Most definitions involve compartmentalization of emotion. b. Its primary symptom is bodily complaints such as nausea and headaches. d. Some people report memory gaps when dealing with emotionally charged issues. c. It can be broken down into derealization and depersonalization.

b. Its primary symptom is bodily complaints such as nausea and headaches.

The commitment to treatment statement is sometimes used an alternative to using: d. Suicide prevention counseling a. Method restriction c. Public education programs b. No-suicide contracts

b. No-suicide contracts

Which of the following statements about analogue experiments is TRUE? c. Analogue experiments are conducted in the real world, while digital experiments are done in virtual reality and using computer models. b. One common type of analogue research uses animals as a proxy for humans. d. Analogue studies typically have good external validity, but often have poor internal validity. a. Analogue experiments are almost never used in psychopathology research.

b. One common type of analogue research uses animals as a proxy for humans.

Why do the DSM and ICD use descriptive psychopathology? a. It has been proved more effective in treatment than underlying etiology. c. The DSM and ICD do not use descriptive psychopathology. d. Psychologists created the DSM and ICD, not medical doctors, therefore it makes more sense to use descriptive psychopathology over etiological explanations. b. We do not know the underlying etiology of DSM and ICD disorders.

b. We do not know the underlying etiology of DSM and ICD disorders.

Rubina wakes up one day, distressed, because she suddenly became blind overnight even though she doesn't have any known medical illness. She is rushed to the emergency room, but medical tests suggest that her eyes are fine—she actually can see but experiences blindness anyhow. Her doctors suggest that her blindness could be _____. d. depersonalization/derealization disorder a. an iatrogenic condition b. a symptom of conversion disorder c. the result of Munchausen's syndrome

b. a symptom of conversion disorder

A distressing thought, image, or urge that persists in someone's mind would be called ______. a. anxiety d. a specific phobia c. a compulsion b. an obsession

b. an obsession

The ABCDE model a. is critical in understanding how clients self-actualize in response to core conditions. b. emphasizes the importance of rational thinking in overcoming psychopathology. c. was developed by Aaron Beck. d. focuses on the childhood mastery of the "ABCs" in understanding reading disabilities.

b. emphasizes the importance of rational thinking in overcoming psychopathology.

Biofeedback would be most effective at treating _______. d. medically-unexplained blindness a. amnesia b. headaches c. dissociation

b. headaches

Why is the amphetamine psychosis important for the dopamine hypothesis? c. Amphetamines increase dopamine in the brain. a. Amphetamines can reduce psychosis. b. Amphetamines can produce psychosis. d. Amphetamines decrease dopamine in the brain.

c. Amphetamines increase dopamine in the brain.

Joshua has always been a picky eater. Now an adult, Joshua has struggled to meet minimum nutritional requirements throughout his life; at times, he has even needed to be hospitalized with a feeding tube. Recently, Joshua was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Joshua is most likely to be diagnosed with: a. Feeding disorder d. Bulimia c. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder b. Anorexia nervosa

c. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Which statement is true about no-suicide contracts? d. Although it is the most widely used technique for suicide prevention, there is little evidence to support its effectiveness. c. They're controversial; some professionals strongly support their use and others are very much against them. a. Professionals generally do not use them anymore. b. There is decent evidence to suggest that they can help reduce suicidal behavior.

c. They're controversial; some professionals strongly support their use and others are very much against them.

Who displays difficulties with theory of mind? b. Borris, who thinks he sees ghosts and has a strong belief in the supernatural. a. Saul, who is has trouble with critical reasoning skills. c. Varya who has trouble reading and understanding other people's emotions. d. Klara, who is too attached to her mother and can't seem to make any friends.

c. Varya who has trouble reading and understanding other people's emotions.

Conversion is tied to activity in the _____, while malingering and factitious symptoms are associated with _____. d. anterior prefrontal cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex b. posterior cingulate cortex; anterior cingulate cortex c. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; anterior prefrontal cortex a. anterior cingulate cortex; posterior cingulate cortex

c. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; anterior prefrontal cortex

Sexual fantasies related to someone else's pain/suffering is called _______, whereas sexual fantasies related to one's own pain/suffering is called _________. b. fetishism; exhibitionism a. exhibitionism; fetishism c. sadism; masochism d. masochism; sadism

c. sadism; masochism

Sexual fantasies related to someone else's pain/suffering is called _______, whereas sexual fantasies related to one's own pain/suffering is called _________. c. sadism; masochism b. fetishism; exhibitionism d. masochism; sadism a. exhibitionism; fetishism

c. sadism; masochism

The fight or flight response is controlled by the __________. b. medial prefrontal cortex a. hypothalamus c. sympathetic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system

c. sympathetic nervous system

Margo would like to buy a t-shirt from the Psychology Department gift shop. Because she adores humanistic psychology, she immediately grabs the one that says: a. "Blame the System: My Family Made Me This Way." d. "Free to be Me: My Behavior is My Choice." b. "Classically Conditioned to be Awesome." c. "Forget the Superego! I'm All Id Today!"

d. "Free to be Me: My Behavior is My Choice."

"I've never heard of acute stress disorder," said the school headmaster. "Is it an actual disorder?" he asks. You reply: d. "It depends; it's a mental disorder in the DSM-5, but while the ICD-11 lists 'acute stress reaction,' it does not consider it a mental disorder." a. "No; although people sometimes use 'acute stress disorder' to describe extreme life stress, it's not an actual disorder or something formally recognized by psychologists." b. "Yes; in fact, most students at your school would probably meet criteria for this disorder during the week of final exams."

d. "It depends; it's a mental disorder in the DSM-5, but while the ICD-11 lists 'acute stress reaction,' it does not consider it a mental disorder."

Short-term psychotherapy, rather than drugs, is considered the best intervention for: a. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) c. Acute stress disorder d. Adjustment disorder b. General adaptation syndrome

d. Adjustment disorder

What symptom is about losing pleasure for things that used to be enjoyable? a. Alogia b. Avolition d. Anhedonia c. Catatonia

d. Anhedonia

Which is TRUE regarding the use of prescription drugs for treating eating problems? c. Antidepressants and benzodiazepines are typically used to treat eating problems. b. Benzodiazepines are typically used to treat eating problems. a. Drugs are rarely used to treat eating problems. d. Antidepressants and antipsychotics are typically used to treat eating problems.

d. Antidepressants and antipsychotics are typically used to treat eating problems.

According to lecture, which of the following statements is true? a. Fear is an unpleasant, diffuse, vague sense of apprehension, whereas anxiety is an emotional response to a known or definite threat. b. Although individuals with hoarding disorder accumulate many items over time, they rarely have difficulty discarding or parting with these possessions. c. Individuals with specific phobias tend to underestimate the danger in their feared situations and rarely recognize their reactions as disproportionate to the feared situation. d. Anxiety may be due to one of the primary anxiety disorders or secondary to substance abuse, a medical condition, another psychiatric condition, or psychosocial stressors.

d. Anxiety may be due to one of the primary anxiety disorders or secondary to substance abuse, a medical condition, another psychiatric condition, or psychosocial stressors.

This disorder has symptoms that are usually (but not always) considered milder than the symptoms of major depressive disorder. A person with this disorder may experience changes in sleep and appetite, low energy, feelings of hopeless, decreased self-esteem, and problems concentrating. The symptoms are considered chronic/ongoing and must last at least two years before a diagnosis can be made. b. Cyclothymic disorder d. Persistent depressive disorder/dysthymia c. Bipolar affective disorder a. Bipolar II disorder

d. Persistent depressive disorder/dysthymia

Which statement makes the STRONGEST claim of cultural universalism? b. Most people like ice cream. c. Some people like ice cream and others do not. d. Throughout history and across the world, people always have and always will love ice cream. a. Everyone likes ice cream.

d. Throughout history and across the world, people always have and always will love ice cream.

What do dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, and conversion disorder all have in common? According to psychodynamic theorists, each results from: c. A weak ego a. Poor defense mechanisms b. Inadequate parenting d. Trauma

d. Trauma

The treatment that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) received at the OCD Institute, in the video, is most accurately characterized as: existential therapy psychodynamic therapy family therapy exposure plus response prevention therapy

exposure plus response prevention therapy

The treatment that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) received at the OCD Institute, in the video, is most accurately characterized as: exposure plus response prevention therapy family therapy existential therapy psychodynamic therapy

exposure plus response prevention therapy

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (​EMDR) therapy is used for adjustment disorders, but not PTSD. no longer relies on bilateral stimulation. is controversial because exactly why it works isn't clear. has not been found to be effective in research studies.

is controversial because exactly why it works isn't clear.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (​EMDR) therapy no longer relies on bilateral stimulation. has not been found to be effective in research studies. is used for adjustment disorders, but not PTSD. is controversial because exactly why it works isn't clear.

is controversial because exactly why it works isn't clear.

According to the video, The New Asylums, the majority of the seriously mentally ill individuals who end up in prison, have committed which of the following types of crimes: misdemeanor crimes such as disorderly conduct and trespassing felony crimes involving violent assault homicide drug use/possession

misdemeanor crimes such as disorderly conduct and trespassing

Scenario 1: Maria believes that the government is monitoring her cell phone using nanotechnology. Scenario 2: Fred is one of only three people in his town who knows how to juggle. The criterion of abnormality ______ of best applies in first scenario, whereas the criterion of abnormality _______ of best applies in second scenario.

misperception of reality statistical deviance

According to the recorded lecture, _____________ refers to the predominant and sustained emotion as well as the person's subjective description of feeling, whereas ________________ refers to the moment-to-moment experience of emotions as well as more objectively observable manifestations of the feeling states. affect; mood mood; affect melancholia; dysthymia dysthymia; melancholia

mood; affect

According to the recorded lecture, _____________ refers to the predominant and sustained emotion as well as the person's subjective description of feeling, whereas ________________ refers to the moment-to-moment experience of emotions as well as more objectively observable manifestations of the feeling states. dysthymia; melancholia affect; mood mood; affect melancholia; dysthymia

mood; affect

Hallucinations and delusions are considered ______ and represent additions to the personality, whereas avolition and anhedonia are considered _______ and represent things detracted from the personality.

positive symptoms negative symptoms

Dr. Smith and her associates developed a new therapy for anxiety. In their research, they had participants who met the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 received no treatment whereas Group 2 received the newly developed treatment for GAD. In this example, Dr. Smith and her associates most likely used a _____ design. quasi-experiment reversal randomized control trial analogue experiment

randomized control trial

When it precedes punishment or reinforcement, negative means _____, while positive means _____. an increase in the likelihood of future behavior; a decrease in the likelihood of future behavior removing a stimulus; adding a stimulus a decrease in the likelihood of future behavior; an increase in the likelihood of future behavior adding a stimulus; removing a stimulus

removing a stimulus; adding a stimulus

The video shown in the recorded lecture of the woman with the snake demonstrated: the critical role of the patient confronting the upsetting situation. highlighted how brain chemistry and structures play a role in emotions, such as fear. how unconscious conflicts and defense mechanisms can interfere with functioning. the importance of early life attachment has on later fears.

the critical role of the patient confronting the upsetting situation.

The video shown in the recorded lecture of the woman with the snake demonstrated: the critical role of the patient confronting the upsetting situation. highlighted how brain chemistry and structures play a role in emotions, such as fear. the importance of early life attachment has on later fears. how unconscious conflicts and defense mechanisms can interfere with functioning.

the critical role of the patient confronting the upsetting situation.

Alexis is a sick child who makes frequent visits to the hospital to get her shots. One day she and her mother drive past the hospital and Alexis begins to cry. She repeatedly says, "Mommy, I don't want to see the doctor." In this example, the conditioned stimulus would be _____. the parking lot the shot the nurse the hospital

the hospital

*****Dr. Martinez is a therapist who supports the sociocognitive model. What else can you guess about her? d. She disagrees with the posttraumatic model of explaining dissociation. c. She understands that dissociative experiences can be deeply meaningful and even beneficial for people in certain cultures. b. She advocates that therapists should never question the truth of their clients' claims. a. She views child abuse as the root cause of many disorders.

***WRONG*** a. She views child abuse as the root cause of many disorders.

*****"What becomes problematic for people with generalized anxiety disorder," explained Dr. DeSoucis, "is their tendency to worry about their worrying." Dr. DeSoucis is explaining anxiety using the _________ model. c. emotional dysregulation d. intolerance of uncertainty a. avoidance b. metacognitive

***WRONG**** d. intolerance of uncertainty

*****Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) has been the subject of much controversy over the years, with skeptics noting several potential concerns. Which of the following was not presented in the course materials? Consistent research evidence suggests that DID is the result of individuals routinely malingering and that DID should be removed from future versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DID (formerly Multiple Personality Disorder) was diagnosed infrequently in the U.S. until the late 1970s when rates quickly went into the thousands. Some therapy approaches, self-help materials, and dramatic historical cases suggest that DID or false memories of abuse may have been unintentionally encouraged, in some cases. The disorder appears to have received a lot of media attention potentially contributing to some misdiagnosis of the disorder.

***WRONG***The disorder appears to have received a lot of media attention potentially contributing to some misdiagnosis of the disorder.

Ricardo doesn't like leaving his home. He fears being in public places because he thinks he may embarrass himself or have an anxious or panicked reaction when in public. His symptoms appear consistent with: Generalized anxiety disorder Agoraphobia Trichotillomania Separation anxiety disorder

Agoraphobia

According to lecture, which of the following statements about substance use disorders (SUD) is true? The DSM-5 has retained the abuse-dependence distinction. Craving or a strong desire or urge to use a substance was removed from the criteria for a SUD in the DSM-5. The criterion of recurrent legal problems was retained in the DSM-5 because research showed that its prevalence was higher than the average prevalence of the other SUDs criteria. An advantageous change with the DSM-5 SUDs criteria is the apparent ability to capture "diagnostic orphans."

An advantageous change with the DSM-5 SUDs criteria is the apparent ability to capture "diagnostic orphans."

As discussed in lecture, individuals experiencing dissociative disorders may report a persistent feeling of being detached from their own self (or aspects of their mental processes or experiences) or their surroundings on a recurrent basis. _____ involves temporarily losing the sense of one's own self (or own reality) and may also entail hypoemotionality. Although somewhat similar, _______ involves the temporary altered sense of realness of external world or surroundings..

Answer 1:Depersonalization Answer 2:derealization

_____ are more likely to attempt suicide, but _____ are more likely to succeed in killing themselves.

Answer 1:Women Answer 2:Men

Because of the overlap in anxiety disorders and trauma or stress-related disorders, the lectures highlighted two predominate aspects of (mal)adaptive emotions when trying to understand the nature of these conditions. One aspect involves _____ which is an unpleasant, diffuse, vague sense of apprehension often a response to an imprecise or unknown threat. This emotion often may lead to avoidance behaviors. Another aspect involves ______ which is an emotional response to a known or definite threat and involves an arousal surge. This emotion often may lead to escape behaviors. Answer 1:anxiety Answer 2:fear

Answer 1:anxiety Answer 2:fear

According to lecture, binge episodes are an important aspect of some eating disorders. In fact, recurrent binge episodes are a key element in the criteria for the disorders of ____ and _____.

Answer 1:bulimia nervosa Answer 2:Binge-eating disorder

According to lecture, binge episodes are an important aspect of some eating disorders. In fact, recurrent binge episodes are a key element in the criteria for the disorders of _____ and ______.

Answer 1:bulimia nervosa Answer 2:binge-eating disorder

Feeling sad is to ____as hitting someone is to ____ .

Answer 1:internalizing Answer 2:externalizing

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, thoughts are central to _____ , while actions are to central to _______.

Answer 1:obsessions Answer 2:compulsions

The DSM-5 defines ______ as disturbances in a person's ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure, whereas as _______ involve sexual impulses, fantasies, and behaviors directed toward unusual (and sometimes socially taboo) objects or situations.

Answer 1:sexual dysfunction Answer 2:paraphilia

According to lecture, which of the following statements is true? Individuals with specific phobias tend to underestimate the danger in their feared situations and rarely recognize their reactions as disproportionate to the feared situation. Although individuals with hoarding disorder accumulate many items over time, they rarely have difficulty discarding or parting with these possessions. Anxiety may be due to one of the primary anxiety disorders or secondary to substance abuse, a medical condition, another psychiatric condition, or psychosocial stressors. Fear is an unpleasant, diffuse, vague sense of apprehension, whereas anxiety is an emotional response to a known or definite threat.

Anxiety may be due to one of the primary anxiety disorders or secondary to substance abuse, a medical condition, another psychiatric condition, or psychosocial stressors.

A child who is an extremely picky eater and fails to take in sufficient nutrients is likely to be diagnosed with: Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa Rumination disorder Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Which is one way that bipolar I disorder is different than bipolar II? Bipolar I is more common in women. Bipolar I is diagnosed when there has been a full-blown manic episode. Bipolar I is diagnosed after a shorter period of time than bipolar II. Bipolar II is more treatable with medication.

Bipolar I is diagnosed when there has been a full-blown manic episode

Which is one way that bipolar I disorder is different than bipolar II? Bipolar I is more common in women. Bipolar I is diagnosed when there has been a full-blown manic episode. Bipolar I is diagnosed after a shorter period of time than bipolar II. Bipolar II is more treatable with medication.

Bipolar I is diagnosed when there has been a full-blown manic episode.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) has been the subject of much controversy over the years, with skeptics noting several potential concerns. Which of the following was not presented in the course materials? Consistent research evidence suggests that DID is the result of individuals malingering and that DID should be removed from future versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The disorder appears to have received a lot of media attention potentially contributing to some misdiagnosis of the disorder. DID (formerly Multiple Personality Disorder) was diagnosed infrequently in the U.S. until the late 1970s when rates quickly went into the thousands. Some therapy approaches, self-help materials, and dramatic historical cases suggest that DID or false memories of abuse may have been unintentionally encouraged, in some cases.

Consistent research evidence suggests that DID is the result of individuals malingering and that DID should be removed from future versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

A person with exhibitionism is asked to imagine getting arrested for exposing himself in public. He is undergoing what therapy? Olfactory aversive therapy Pelvic floor rehabiliation Covert sensitization Masturbatory inhibition

Covert sensitization

How is a diagnosis of delusional disorder different from a diagnosis of schizophrenia? Delusional disorder is diagnosed when a person experiences erotomanic, jealous or somatic delusions; schizophrenia is diagnosed when a person experiences persecutory or grandiose delusions. Delusional disorder is used when a person's thinking is "borderline" delusional. That is, one's thinking seems bizarre or unusual rather than strictly delusional. Delusional disorder is diagnosed when psychotic symptoms have a shorter duration than schizophrenic symptoms (i.e. only last a few days). Delusional disorder is diagnosed when psychotic symptoms are limited to delusions.

Delusional disorder is diagnosed when psychotic symptoms are limited to delusions.

How is a diagnosis of delusional disorder different from a diagnosis of schizophrenia? Delusional disorder is diagnosed when psychotic symptoms have a shorter duration than schizophrenic symptoms (i.e. only last a few days). Delusional disorder is diagnosed when a person experiences erotomanic, jealous or somatic delusions; schizophrenia is diagnosed when a person experiences persecutory or grandiose delusions. Delusional disorder is used when a person's thinking is "borderline" delusional. That is, one's thinking seems bizarre or unusual rather than strictly delusional. Delusional disorder is diagnosed when psychotic symptoms are limited to delusions.

Delusional disorder is diagnosed when psychotic symptoms are limited to delusions.

As discussed in lecture, individuals experiencing dissociative disorders may report a persistent feeling of being detached from their own self (or aspects of their mental processes or experiences) or their surroundings on a recurrent basis. _____ involves temporarily losing the sense of one's own self (or own reality) and may also entail hypoemotionality. Although somewhat similar, _______ involves the temporary altered sense of realness of external world or surroundings..

Depersonalization derealization

"After surviving the accident, the world seemed fundamentally different. Even food didn't taste the same." This is an example of what? Derealization Amnesia Compartmentalization Depersonalization

Derealization

Which of these is a symptom of inattention rather than hyperactivity-impulsivity? Difficulty listening Fidgeting Excessive talking Interrupting

Difficulty listening

What does the "D" stand for in the ABCD model? Disillusioned Dispense Dispute Disruptive

Dispute

After being in a physically abusive relationship for a long time, Justine picks up, moves across the country, and suddenly is "Sarah." Oddly, she cannot recall her previous life as Justine. The best diagnosis for her would be: Dissociative amnesia Munchausen's syndrome Dissociative fugue Briquet's syndrome

Dissociative fugue

After being in a physically abusive relationship for a long time, Justine picks up, moves across the country, and suddenly is "Sarah." Oddly, she cannot recall her previous life as Justine. The best diagnosis for her would be: Dissociative fugue Munchausen's syndrome Dissociative amnesia Briquet's syndrome

Dissociative fugue

A 15-year boy has a history of episodic violent behavior that is out of proportion to the precipitant. During a typical episode, which will escalate rapidly, he will become extremely angry, punching holes in walls or destroying furniture in the home. There seems to be no specific purpose or gain associated with the outbursts, and within 30 minutes he is calm and "back to himself," a state that is not associated with any predominant mood disturbance. What diagnosis best fits this clinical picture? Intermittent explosive disorder. Autism spectrum disorder. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Conduct disorder.

Intermittent explosive disorder.

The notion of an addictive personality: Is becoming more popular among clinical researchers. Is minimally supported by research evidence. Holds that antisocial traits are negatively correlated with addiction. Ties addictive behaviors to narcissistic tendencies.

Is minimally supported by research evidence.

According to the lecture, which of the following statements about personality disorders within the DSM-5 is false? Several of the personality disorders appear to suffer from heterogeneity with their criteria. Cluster B personality disorders are characterized as primarily dramatic or erratic in nature. It is rare for individuals diagnosed with a personality disorder to be diagnosed with another personality disorder. Research suggests there is problematic diagnostic instability with personality disorders over time.

It is rare for individuals diagnosed with a personality disorder to be diagnosed with another personality disorder.

According to the lecture on personality disorders and the Five Factor Model, individuals with borderline personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder can be characterized as expressing an extremely elevated and maladaptive level of which trait? Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Neuroticism

Neuroticism

If you heard that your neighbor was "psychologically abnormal," does that mean that this person is also "mentally ill?" Yes, but this is only true in countries that have recognized mental illnesses. No; abnormality is not the same thing as having a mental illness. Yes; psychologists use those terms interchangeably. Yes, but this is only true within the English language.

No; abnormality is not the same thing as having a mental illness.

If you heard that your neighbor was "psychologically abnormal," does that mean that this person is also "mentally ill?" Yes; psychologists use those terms interchangeably. Yes, but this is only true within the English language. Yes, but this is only true in countries that have recognized mental illnesses. No; abnormality is not the same thing as having a mental illness.

No; abnormality is not the same thing as having a mental illness.

Which of the following statements is true of the humanistic theories? Self-help groups and peer counseling programs have found humanistic theories to be less effective than the cognitive approach. Some therapists believe that client-centered therapy may be appropriate for people who are moderately distressed but not for those who are seriously distressed. The emphasis given to pathology and external forces in humanistic therapies makes the approach very pessimistic. Several researchers have been able to replicate the findings of humanistic therapies through scientific testing.

Some therapists believe that client-centered therapy may be appropriate for people who are moderately distressed but not for those who are seriously distressed.

Boman is an ethical, well-behaved, and well-adjusted 4-year-old boy who happens to be very smart. In fact, he was declared a world genius when his intelligence was tested and found to be ten times higher than the smartest child his age. Is Boman abnormal? No, because being a genius is valued by society and not considered harmful or dysfunctional. No, because he is well-adjusted and, therefore, we assume that he is not suffering emotionally. No. Given that he is ethical and well-behaved, we can assume that he does not harm himself or others. Statistically speaking, yes.

Statistically speaking, yes.

During a first session, Dr. Jones asks his client, Sally, a series of predetermined questions. Dr. Jones is conducting which of the following? Unstructured interview Structured interview Diagnostic interview Mental Status Exam

Structured interview

A 3-year-old boy has rather severe temper tantrums that have occurred at least weekly for a 6-week period. Although the tantrums can sometimes be associated with defiant behavior, they often result from a change in routine, fatigue, or hunger, and he rarely does anything destructive. He is generally well behaved in nursery school and during periods between tantrums. Which of the following conclusions best fit this child's presentation? The boy's symptoms more likely represent internalizing than externalizing problems. The boy's symptoms more likely represent conduct disorder than oppositional defiant disorder. The boy meets criteria for oppositional defiant disorder because of the presence of tantrums and defiant behavior. The boy does not meet criteria for oppositional defiant disorder.

The boy does not meet criteria for oppositional defiant disorder.

Which of these statements about 12-step programs is FALSE? Making amends for past wrongs is one of the steps. Attendees are urged to accept the role of a higher power. They are run entirely by non-professionals. They are supported by extensive research.

They are supported by extensive research.

What do all sexual disorders have in common? They are grouped under paraphilias in the DSM. They require the client to be distressed and/or to have acted upon the sexual urges. They involve orgasmic dysfunction. They are universally agreed upon to be dysfunctional.

They require the client to be distressed and/or to have acted upon the sexual urges.

What do all sexual disorders have in common? They cannot be diagnosed without marked distress in the client. They require the client to be distressed and/or to have acted upon the sexual urges. They are universally agreed upon to be dysfunctional. They are grouped under paraphilias in the DSM.

They require the client to be distressed and/or to have acted upon the sexual urges.

The trainee told his supervisor that his client "client barely talks during session and only answers my questions with one or two-word responses." His supervisor responded that the client was experiencing: a. Alogia d. Anhedonia c. Echolalia b. Avolition

a. Alogia

Many of Hippocrates' ideas about abnormality reflect an early version of the _________ perspective. d. objective/universal/legal b. sociocultural c. demonological a. Biological

a. Biological

Which would be an example of bodily humor? c. A tumor a. Blood b. Laughter d. An evil spirit

a. Blood

After finishing 6 pieces of toast with butter, Sally prepares a batch of brownies, while eating 3 large bowls of ice cream. She then eats 2 bags of cookies, the full batch of baked brownies, and 5 slices of pizza. After eating, she feels so guilty and ashamed about the calories she consumed, that she decides to make herself vomit. Sally engages in this type of behavior at least four times a week. However, because she is highly secretive about her problems and maintains a normal body weight, no one in her family seems to be aware of her struggles. Sally appears to meet criteria for: b. Binge-eating disorder c. Anorexia, restricting type a. Bulimia d. Anorexia, binge-eating/purging type

a. Bulimia

The fact that, in some cultures, eating live beetles is considered a "treat," while in other cultures the same behavior may be considered "gross" supports which perspective(s)? d. Cultural universalism and culture-bound syndromes b. Cultural universalism a. Cultural relativism c. Cultural relativism and cultural universalism

a. Cultural relativism

Which of the following is CORRECT? d. Derealization and disassociation are examples of depersonalization. c. Depersonalization and disassociation are examples of derealization. a. Depersonalization and derealization are examples of disassociation. b. Disassociation and amnesia are examples of depersonalization.

a. Depersonalization and derealization are examples of disassociation.

What is the definition of comorbidity? c. Diagnosing a disorder that co-occurs with depression. a. Diagnosing multiple disorders at the same time. b. Diagnosing two fatal disorders at the same time. d. Diagnosing a disorder that has killed several people simultaneously.

a. Diagnosing multiple disorders at the same time.

Which disorder would describe someone who compulsively scratches her scabs, picks at her skin, and has lots of lesions on her arms and legs? a. Excoriation d. Body dysmorphic disorder c. Trichotillomania b. Agoraphobia

a. Excoriation

Brain volume in people diagnosed with autism is often: d. Decreased in children, adolescents, and adults. a. Increased in young children but decreased in adolescents and adults. b. Decreased in young children but increased in adolescents and adults. c. Increased in children, adolescents, and adults.

a. Increased in young children but decreased in adolescents and adults.

Which of the follow is TRUE about the New View approach to sexual dysfunction? c. It calls on mental health professionals to serve as advocates for transgender persons wishing to make changes to their bodies. b. It argues that the DSM should conceptualize sexual disorders as medical problems. d. It adds a humanistic component to the treatment of sex offenders by arguing that a person's risk of re-offending shouldn't be the only focus of an intervention. a. It considers how gender differences and discrimination impact sexual problems.

a. It considers how gender differences and discrimination impact sexual problems.

Which of the following constitutes displacement? a. Jessica is mad at her boss, so she goes home and kicks her cat. d. Josh starts dressing and acting like his professor, whom he admires greatly. c. Bryan's aggressive urges are channeled into boxing, where he is congratulated for his accomplishments. b. Erika insists that her colleague dislikes her, even though it is she who dislikes her colleague.

a. Jessica is mad at her boss, so she goes home and kicks her cat.

Which best describes the diathesis-stress model of psychosomatic illness? d. Psychosomatic illnesses cause psychological stress, which, in turn, worsens psychosomatic symptoms. a. Predisposition plus stress predict one's risk for a disorder. c. Stress in combination with worry about stress increases one's risk of developing a disorder. b. Psychosomatic illness reflects a much-needed escape from psychological stress.

a. Predisposition plus stress predict one's risk for a disorder.

George, a recovering exhibitionist, is in a therapy program in which he uses self-monitoring, situational competency tests, and self-efficacy ratings to help him keep from reoffending. George is most likely in what kind of program? a. Relapse prevention (RP) b. Risk-need-responsivity (RNR) c. Good lives model (GLM) d. Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

a. Relapse prevention (RP)

Salvador has just been diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder. What type of drug is he most likely to be prescribed? b. Benzodiazepines a. SSRI antidepressants d. Barbiturates c. Atypical antipsychotics

a. SSRI antidepressants

What is the historical-cultural view of abnormality? d. The view that regardless of context, people display and experience mental illness in the same way. a. The view that certain thoughts, emotions, or behaviors might be deemed pathological in one context, but not in another. c. The view that regardless of context, certain thoughts, emotions, or behaviors will be deemed pathological. b. The view that some people may display or experience mental illness in one context, but not in another.

a. The view that certain thoughts, emotions, or behaviors might be deemed pathological in one context, but not in another.

Diagnostic validity is concerned with: c. The rate with which diagnoses are made in different segments of the population. b. The internal consistency of the diagnosis. a. Whether a measure accurately measures what it is supposed to. d. The severity of the diagnosis.

a. Whether a measure accurately measures what it is supposed to.

Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed in those who have experienced_____, while bipolar II disorder is diagnosed in those who have experienced_____. b. both hypomanic and depressive episodes; a full manic episode c. three or more manic episodes; less than three manic episodes a. a full manic episode; both hypomanic and depressive episodes d. less than three manic episodes; three or more manic episodes

a. a full manic episode; both hypomanic and depressive episodes

She had been taking antipsychotic drugs for many years, but no one seemed to notice her muscle tremors, fidgeting, and muscle rigidity. These symptoms worsened over time. When her doctor noticed lip smacking, repeated eye blinking, and other repetitive, involuntary movements, he told her the tragic news "these muscle problems are permanent. They won't go away because ________." b. your brain ventricles have become enlarged c. you are experiencing extrapyramidal side effects d. there is irreversible damage to your temporal cortex a. you have developed tardive dyskinesia

a. you have developed tardive dyskinesia

Consider the following case discussed in lecture: After a routine chest x-ray, a 53-year-old man with a history of heavy cigarette use is told that he has a suspicious lesion in his lung. A bronchoscopy confirms the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. The man delays scheduling a follow-up appointment with the oncologist for more than 2 weeks, describes feeling as if "all of this is not real," is having nightly dreams of seeing his own tombstone, and is experiencing intrusive flashbacks to the moment when he heard the physician saying, "The tests strongly suggest that you have cancer of the lung." He is tearful and is convinced he will die. He also feels intense guilt that his smoking caused the cancer and expresses the thought that he "deserves" to have cancer. The most appropriate DSM-5 diagnosis for this scenario would be: acute stress disorder because it is in response to a clearly defined stressful event. PTSD because it meets the criteria for a traumatic event and the necessary duration of symptoms. adjustment disorder because it lacks an event that is considered a traumatic event. gross stress reaction because he is experiencing extreme emotional stress.

adjustment disorder because it lacks an event that is considered a traumatic event.

The _______ person wants to socially engage but fears rejection, but the individual exploits others and lacks empathy. schizotypal; schizoid antisocial; avoidant avoidant; antisocial schizoid; schizotypal

avoidant; antisocial

Antipsychotic drugs are most likely to be prescribed to children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder because: d. Antipsychotics are the best way to increase brain volume. b. Antipsychotics can reduce aggressive behavior. a. Excess dopamine is an established biomarker for diagnosing autism. c. Hallucinations and delusions are central elements of autism.

b. Antipsychotics can reduce aggressive behavior.

Contingency Management (CM) emerges from which perspective? b. Cognitive-behavioral a. Family systems c. Social work d. Substance abuse management

b. Cognitive-behavioral

What is one of the most controversial examples of dimensional diagnosis? b. Combining autism and Asperger's disorder into autism spectrum disorder. d. Dividing substance use disorder into separate substance abuse and substance dependence dimensions. c. Distinguishing mild, moderate, and severe versions of various disorders. a. Broadening the scope of antisocial personality disorder.

b. Combining autism and Asperger's disorder into autism spectrum disorder.

It's about a psychological conflict being transformed into a physical one. c. Bodily distress disorder a. Factitious disorder b. Conversion disorder d. Somatic symptom disorder

b. Conversion disorder

This neurotransmitter is related to pleasure. It is also the neurotransmitter most strongly associated with sexual behavior: b. Dopamine d. Noradrenaline c. Serotonin a. Testosterone

b. Dopamine

Because it considers a stress reaction to a trauma to be expected instead of disordered: b. ICD-11 has a diagnosis called "acute stress reaction." d. ICD-11 has removed "prolonged grief" as a disorder. c. DSM-5 has added a diagnosis called "complex PTSD." a. DSM-5 has removed stress-related disorders from its manual.

b. ICD-11 has a diagnosis called "acute stress reaction."

"Here's the key to working with your client," said the supervisor. "Don't let her spend too much time simply describing her eating problems. Instead, you must focus on how her eating problems relate to her dysfunctional relational patterns." c. Emotion-focused therapy b. Interpersonal therapy e. Enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy a. What approach is the supervisor using? d. Acceptance and commitment therapy

b. Interpersonal therapy

According to the psychodynamic perspective, what are the origins of personality disorders? d. Overwhelming stress in the absence of poor ego defenses c. Self-hatred and/or a lack of self-acceptance a. Fear of rejection b. Problems with caregivers in early life

b. Problems with caregivers in early life

Which of the following is TRUE about control groups? b. They do not receive the treatment, but instead serve as a basis of comparison for our treatment group(s). c. They are useful in experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational designs. d. They are rarely used in abnormal psychology research. a. They constitute the group or groups in our experiment that we have the most influence over.

b. They do not receive the treatment, but instead serve as a basis of comparison for our treatment group(s).

Josh is wondering whether tobacco smokers are more likely to experiment with other drugs compared to non-smokers. To answer his question, he distributes an anonymous survey to 200 people and asks them how often they use tobacco and other drugs. He finds that those who use tobacco are more likely to also try other drugs. Which of the following best describes Josh's data? a. Qualitative data b. Treatment-as-usual data c. Correlational data d. Experimental data

c. Correlational data

Which is FALSE about competency to stand trial? d. Standardized criteria for competency have been agreed in most legal jurisdictions. b. It is not always clear when competency is an issue. a. It has been criticized for being improperly used to treat people against their will. c. Defense attorneys may be reluctant to have their clients declared incompetent because it could result in a lengthy hospital stay before trial.

c. Defense attorneys may be reluctant to have their clients declared incompetent because it could result in a lengthy hospital stay before trial.

When it comes to depression, comorbidity involves which of the following? a. Depressed patients feel their disorder is so severe that it may cause them to die. d. Depressed patients have a morbid attitude about themselves and the world. c. Depressed patients often meet the criteria for more than one mood disorder. b. Depressed patients are diagnosed with more than one depressive disorder depending on which medications alleviate symptoms.

c. Depressed patients often meet the criteria for more than one mood disorder.

A person with alexithymia has difficulty: a. Understanding social cues d. Processing painful memories c. Expressing emotions verbally b. Interpreting body language

c. Expressing emotions verbally

Lucy, a biologically born female, prefers male haircuts, men's jewelry, and men's clothing. Which of the following correctly describes Lucy? a. Lucy is intersex. b. Lucy is bisexual. c. Lucy is gender non-conforming. d. Lucy is cisgender.

c. Lucy is gender non-conforming.

Which is true about the rate of anxiety disorders? b. They tend to be a somewhat more common in males than in females. a. They are equally common among males and females. d. They are often twice as common in females as they are in males. c. They tend to be somewhat more common in females than in males.

d. They are often twice as common in females as they are in males.

Dislocation studies have found that: c. People who move from a country that has a low rate of eating disorders to a country with a high rate of eating disorders are more likely to develop an eating disorder. b. Eating disorders are more common among females from low socioeconomic backgrounds. a. Eating disorders are more common among females from upper-class backgrounds. d. People who move from a country that has a low rate of eating disorders to a country with a high rate of eating disorders are not any more likely than others to develop an eating disorder.

c. People who move from a country that has a low rate of eating disorders to a country with a high rate of eating disorders are more likely to develop an eating disorder.

Which best describes the diathesis-stress model of suicide? b. Thinking about suicide reflects a person's wish to escape from psychological stress. c. Preexisting vulnerability and stress work together to predict one's risk for suicide. d. Depression produces psychological stress, which, in turn, worsens one's depression and increases a person's risk for suicide. a. One's reaction to stress and ability to cope with stress are predicted by genes

c. Preexisting vulnerability and stress work together to predict one's risk for suicide.

Which is NOT true about somatic symptom disorder? d. Somatic symptoms are associated with increased limbic and frontal lobe activity. a. Antidepressants are the most common drugs prescribed for it. c. Somatic symptoms are suspected of being tied to excess serotonin. b. Serotonin-related genes are being studied as possible candidate genes.

c. Somatic symptoms are suspected of being tied to excess serotonin.

The DSM-5 and ICD-11 have been criticized for all of the following EXCEPT which? d. Hypersexual disorder and compulsive sexual behavior disorder are questionable additions. c. They still include ego-dystonic homosexuality. b. Gender dysphoria/incongruence should be removed. a. They pathologize normal sexual variations.

d. Hypersexual disorder and compulsive sexual behavior disorder are questionable additions.

In a hypomanic episode: b. Individuals experience the thoughts associated with mania, like grandiosity, but not the behaviors, such as shopping sprees or drug abuse. a. Mania rapidly alternates with depression. c. Individuals exhibit the behaviors associated with mania, like shopping sprees and drug abuse, but not the thoughts, like grandiosity. d. Individuals experience manic symptoms for a relatively short period of time.

d. Individuals experience manic symptoms for a relatively short period of time.

An advantage to using a sociocultural approach to understanding mood problems is that: a. It could help us better advocate for the use of drug therapy to correct the problems of economic inequality. b. It allows us to conceptualize problems as residing inside the person without blaming their families or their socioeconomic class for their struggles. c. It de-stigmatizes mood problems by viewing people as "psychologically broken" instead of "sick" or "diseased." d. It could help us see how social oppression harms people and why social reform is necessary.

d. It could help us see how social oppression harms people and why social reform is necessary.

Which of the following is FALSE about the history of diagnosing ongoing trauma-related stress? d. It has been known as PTSD for well over a hundred years. c. It was at one time referred to as "shell shock." b. It was believed to be the result of a weak nervous system. a. It was most thoroughly described in soldiers.

d. It has been known as PTSD for well over a hundred years.

Which of the following statements about HiTOP is FALSE? d. It relies heavily on diagnostic categories. b. It sees many mental disorders as comorbid. c. Its spectra are derived by analyzing scientific data. a. It contains six spectra dimensions.

d. It relies heavily on diagnostic categories.

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? c. Flattened affect b. Asociality d. Persecutory delusions a. Anhedonia

d. Persecutory delusions

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the research on using psychological therapies for treating addiction? c. With regard to gambling addictions, most treatments appear ineffective, although the research on psychodynamic therapies seems promising. b. Regardless of the approach, most psychological therapies appear either moderately or highly effective for treating alcohol abuse. d. Psychological approaches to substance addiction are difficult to evaluate because the existing literature is minimal and differences between treatments aren't always found. a. Humanistic approaches have received the most research support and are typically considered the most effective treatments.

d. Psychological approaches to substance addiction are difficult to evaluate because the existing literature is minimal and differences between treatments aren't always found.

Essentially, this method is about teaching people how to identify and cope with the high-risk situations that could tempt them to use drugs. c. Social skills training d. Relapse prevention a. Contingency management b. Motivational interviewing

d. Relapse prevention

Which statement about autism is FALSE? c. If a woman's immune system is compromised while she is pregnant, her child may be at greater risk of developing autism. a. Maternal viruses during pregnancy have been linked to autism. d. Researchers have consistently found a correlation between vaccines and autism. b. There may be a relationship between autoimmune diseases and autism.

d. Researchers have consistently found a correlation between vaccines and autism.

Otto, who is unable to have an erection despite being attracted to his spouse, has started seeing a sex therapist. Which technique is the therapist most likely to recommend for his erectile difficulties? b. Masturbatory satiation d. Sensate focus a. Squeeze technique c. Stop-start method

d. Sensate focus

Otto, who is unable to have an erection despite being attracted to his spouse, has started seeing a sex therapist. Which technique is the therapist most likely to recommend for his erectile difficulties? c. Stop-start method d. Sensate focus b. Masturbatory satiation a. Squeeze technique

d. Sensate focus

Which is NOT part of the DSM-5 definition of mental disorder? c. Disruption of social or occupational functioning. b. Dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. d. Social deviance, rebellion, conflict, or violation of social norms. a. Clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

d. Social deviance, rebellion, conflict, or violation of social norms.

Inflammation in the immune system is liked with: d. Stress, trauma, and personality disorders c. Personality disorders a. Stress b. Stress and trauma

d. Stress, trauma, and personality disorders

The viral theory of schizophrenia: a. Links family dysfunction to bodily inflammation. b. Provides an evolutionary explanation for schizophrenia. c. Holds that people with schizophrenia have contracted a virus. d. Suggests that mothers were exposed to a virus while pregnant.

d. Suggests that mothers were exposed to a virus while pregnant.

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive explanation for anxiety? a. The avoidance model of worry c. The emotional dysregulation model d. The accommodation and expressed emotion model b. The intolerance of uncertainty model

d. The accommodation and expressed emotion model

SSRIs are sometimes prescribed to treat paraphilic behavior. Overall, are these drugs effective in treating paraphilias? c. Somewhat; research suggests that these drugs are moderately effective for treating masochism and frotteurism, but only minimally effective for treating other paraphilias. a. Yes; research generally suggests that these drugs are moderately to highly effective. b. Somewhat; research suggests that these drugs are moderately effective for women, but only minimally effective for men. d. We don't know; there has been some research in this area, but these studies have too many shortcomings.

d. We don't know; there has been some research in this area, but these studies have too many shortcomings.

Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with depression. Which of the following is NOT a reason commonly given for this phenomenon? d. Women are the weaker sex and therefore more biologically vulnerable to depression. b. Women are socialized to display vulnerable emotions, therefore they are more likely to seek help. a. There is gender bias in diagnosis. c. Deeply rooted cultural assumptions direct women to silence or suppress certain thoughts to survive in a male-centered world.

d. Women are the weaker sex and therefore more biologically vulnerable to depression.

When it comes to comparing different types of psychotherapy for treating symptoms of eating problems, is there evidence that any of them are effective? d. Yes; there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and psychodynamic therapies for treating eating issues. a. No; overall, there is minimal research to support the effectiveness of any type of psychotherapy. b. Yes; there is a fair amount of evidence supporting the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy for treating eating issues. c. Yes; emotion-focused therapy has the largest and most compelling evidence for successful treatment of anorexia, while narrative therapy has the most compelling evidence for treating bulimia and binge eating.

d. Yes; there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and psychodynamic therapies for treating eating issues.

Boris drank quite a lot at his friend's party. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a sleeping pill along with an extra dose of his anti-anxiety medication. If his heart stops beating during the night, it would probably be the result of _______. c. severe withdrawal a. cross tolerance d. a synergistic effect b. delirium tremens

d. a synergistic effect

According to the behavioral perspective, anxiety is the result of ____________. a. profound fears c. repressed emotions b. illogical thinking d. environmental conditioning

d. environmental conditioning

In a meta-analysis, the results of each study are transformed into a statistic that is common across all studies. This is called the _____. placebo effect effect size common statistics statistical strategy

effect size

The mysterious medical illness with the New York teenagers was largely characterized by Drs. Steven Novella (Skeptical Inquirer article in Canvas site) and Drew Pensky (CNN News interview in Canvas site) as being a: result from vaccinations that the youths received. example of dissociative identity disorder and its increased prevalence among youth. example of conversion disorders expressed by several of the youth. case where mental disorders are over-emphasized and over-diagnosed in youth.

example of conversion disorders expressed by several of the youth.

The Diathesis-Stress Model helps explain how various factors interact with each other to result in different diagnostic outcomes. In this model the diathesis is a(n) ______________ and the stress may vary from low to extreme. automatic thought positive punishment risk factor traumatic event

risk factor

According to lecture, controlled research examining Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) has revealed that: 75% or more of trauma-exposed individuals typically go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder CISD is an empirically supported treatment that demonstrated large effects in subsequent meta-analyses those individuals high in distress symptoms who received CISD continued to have elevated symptoms compared to those who did not receive CISD. children and women respond better with CISD because they are more willing to "process" their trauma experiences

those individuals high in distress symptoms who received CISD continued to have elevated symptoms compared to those who did not receive CISD.

According to lecture, controlled research examining Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) has revealed that: those individuals high in distress symptoms who received CISD continued to have elevated symptoms compared to those who did not receive CISD. children and women respond better with CISD because they are more willing to "process" their trauma experiences 75% or more of trauma-exposed individuals typically go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder CISD is an empirically supported treatment that demonstrated large effects in subsequent meta-analyses

those individuals high in distress symptoms who received CISD continued to have elevated symptoms compared to those who did not receive CISD.

At first, Pascal only needed one sleeping pill to help him fall asleep at night. Two months later, he found that the pill was no longer working, so he started taking two pills each night. Six months later, he found that he needed to take three pills in order to fall asleep. This is an example of _______.

tolerance

The psychodynamic perspective views abnormality as being influenced by: learning and reinforcement. unconscious processes. cognitive distortions. cultural influences and economic inequalities.

unconscious processes.

N'Naghten is to _______ as Durham is to _______. understanding wrongfulness; having a mental disorder having a mental disorder; understanding wrongfulness being able to control behavior; irresistible impulse irresistible impulse; being able to control behavior

understanding wrongfulness; having a mental disorder