Abnormal Psych Unit 2

How many symptom groups are there in PTSD?

4

what percentage of people diagnosed with PTSD may suffer from another disorder as well?

92%

When referred for psychological treatment, which ethnic group is likely to have more severe symptoms of OCD?

African Americans

Which of the following is accurate regarding OCD?

Among children, more boys than girls have the disorder.

Which of the following OCRDs has the greatest overlap with OCD?

BDD

Why do biological theories of anxiety disorders consider serotonin to be important?

Biochemical challenges that alter serotonin levels are related to increases or decreases in feelings of anxiety. Serotonin is lower in the CSF of people with anxiety disorders. People who are prescribed SSRIs, which increase serotonin, report that their feelings of anxiety decrease.

Though appearing normal to everyone else, James believes that his right arm is ugly and that other people find him repulsive because of it. He likely has which of the following?

Body dysmorphic disorder

Dr. Warren is working with his new client on how to change the client's incorrect perception about his normal symptoms of stress. Dr. Warren is most likely using which approach?

CBT

Clyde and Sarah just watched their teammate fail at an important athletic competition. Clyde then succeeded at the competition, and Sarah failed. Based on this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

Clyde had succeeded earlier in the same competition.

Robert goes to a therapist and reports feeling like his body is separate from his mind, resulting in intense confusion and disorientation. This likely represents which of the following?

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

In a therapy session, Samantha switches from one name to another, taking on different personalities. This likely represents which of the following?

Dissociative identity disorder

If a patient complains about a pain in the arm due to depression and wants to be given a painkiller prescription, what should a doctor do first?

Do a physical examination to look for medical problems.

For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children's health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing

GAD

The inability to discard possessions due to distress from losing them reflects which of the following most closely?

Hoarding disorder

Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is not true?

Most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood.

Jason owes a lot of money and steals almost every day in the hope of getting enough to pay his debt. He may be diagnosed with _________

None of these

After being in a car accident, Karen had a lot of feelings of shame and regret. This is most likely a symptom of which of the following?

PTSD

Which of the following are likely to be comorbid with OCD?

Panic disorder GAD social anxiety

Anxiety is generally conceptualized as involving each of the following except?

Past-oriented

Which of the following is true regarding pyromania?

Requires feelings of tension or arousal.

Randall had the sudden thought "I'm going to be attacked any moment!" This is an example of:

Subjective distress

Karen pulls her hair in response to the recurring thought that all hairs on her scalp that are short and stubbly need to be removed. She can't stand it if she feels a hair with this quality and doesn't remove it. Although she does not receive any pleasure from doing this activity, she has never attempted to stop. She most likely would be diagnosed with which of the following?

TTM

Which of the following criteria determine if phobia should be applied to a specific fear?

The fear causes significant emotional distress for the person and/or impairs the person's ability to function

Carol loves setting fires. She reports that she feels tension right before the fire and does not do it for any other purpose than to relieve the tension. She has depression and anxiety, and a substance use disorder. Which of the following represents what is unusual about the above description?

The gender of the person

Which of the following is not considered a criterion for a diagnosis of pyromania?

The need to set fires every day

Which of the following is true regarding OCD and TTM?

They both involve repeating behaviors.

Which of the following is true regarding anxiety disorders?

They occur more often in women than men.

Jennifer has a bedtime routine that she has to follow in exactly the same order every night. Her family participates in this routine, and she gets upset if things happen in a different order. Jennifer is most likely which of the following?

a child

The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that

a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited

Somatic symptom disorder is most common in

adults

Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is a main symptom of

agoraphobia

Which of the following is not one of the four groups of specific phobias?

agoraphobia

which of the following terms is related to the "fear of the marketplace" and is related to fear/anxiety that occurs with exposure to enclosed or open places, being in a crown, or being outside of the home

agoraphobia

Patients suffering from conversion disorder have symptoms that consist primarily of

altered motor or sensory dysfunction

From a psychodynamic perspective, which of the following is not a causal or maintenance factor of factitious disorder?

an intense need to evoke strong reactions in others

Ryan had the thought that "if I don't wash my hands three times, my family will die." This might be an example of ____

an obsession

One of the difficulties in making a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder is that it is difficult to distinguish it from comorbid or coexisting conditions such as

anxiety and/or depressive disorders

Julie has been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. This means she is suffering from a condition in which her physical symptoms

are accompanied by abnormal or excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors

Dr. Smith is interested in studying the cultural variations in psychological disorders. He might be most interested in which of the following?

ataque de nervios

Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with

avoidance

Julie has been diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder. This means she is suffering from a condition in which her physical symptoms

cannot be explained by a medical disorder

Although PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because

children engage in traumatic play

Derealization or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from one's body or one's surroundings), fear of losing control or going crazy, and fear of dying are

cognitive symptoms of panic attack

While trichotillamania and OCD have many features in common, one difference is that

compulsion are a response to anxiety but hair pulling occurs in a reaction to a wide range of emotions

The criticism that it has become "too easy" to diagnose PTSD reflect which of the following?

conceptual bracket creep

Carey suddenly felt numb and paralyzed in his arm. His medical doctor could not find anything wrong. Carey may have which of the following?

conversion disorder

A client goes to see a therapist with the following complaints: She feels detachment from her body and is experiencing herself as strange or unreal. In some situations she feels as if she were watching herself. The therapist says she is experiencing

depersonalization

One of the reasons it can be very difficult to detect malingering in psychological disorders is

diagnosis usually depends on self-report

All of the following have been suggested as related to DID except for ____?

disorientation

A man who owns a hardware store in a New England town mysteriously disappears. Years later, the man is discovered in California. His name is changed, he has remarried, and he now has a different occupation. He claims that he has no memory of his past life. The man may be suffering from

dissociative fugue

Jerry woke up one day to find himself in a new city with no memory of his former identity. This likely represents which of the following?

dissociative fugue

Glove anesthesia is considered a classic conversion disorder. This is because glove anesthesia

does not follow known neurological patterns

Clive has PTSD. Whenever he hears a car horn, he feels an incredible sense of panic. This scenario describes which of the following?

exaggerated startle response

Erin used to pick at mosquito bites. when her parents divorces she began picking and causing sores. now she finds that she engages in this behavior when she is nervous or upset. this is...

excoriation

Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack would fall under what type?

expected

The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is

exposure

A patient is referred to a neurologist for isolated memory loss; the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia is made. The most likely etiology in this patient is

extreme emotional trauma

Dr. Harold's has just contacted child protective services because he believes a child he just assessed is being influenced to fake a disorder by someone else. This likely concerns which of the following?

factitious disorder

Dr. Smith noticed that his new patient Carol has a record at ten other hospitals in nearby states for the same health concern. This might be indicative of which of the following?

factitious disorder

John covered himself in hot towels and then presented to a hospital claiming that he has a fever. He is likely demonstrating which of the following?

factitious disorder

a disorder diagnosed when an individual presents as ill or injured by producing the symptoms in themselves or others

factitious disorder

An 18-month-old infant in the pediatric ICU has been experiencing episodes of difficulty breathing and rapid heart rate with no apparent cause. All tests are negative. These symptoms occur only when the mother is with the child. The most likely cause of the infant's symptoms is

factitious disorder imposed on another

Environmental factors often associated with somatic symptom and related disorders include

family conflict/violence

people with illness anxiety disorder

have a dysfunctional mind set that leads them to worry excessively about their health

Susan is always going to her doctor asking to be examined for cancer or heart disease even though she doesn't have any symptoms. Her physician says she has illness anxiety disorder. People with this disorder

have a dysfunctional mind-set that leads them to worry excessively about their health

Which of the following cognitive factors have been associated with somatic symptom and related disorders?

inaccurate beliefs heightened sensory and perceptual sensitivity somatic amplification

which of the following is not included in the three elements or components of anxiety? physical symptoms increase in bodily sensations negative cognitions escape/avoidant behaviors

increase in bodily sensations

Glove anesthesia is considered a classic conversion disorder because

it does not follow know neurological patterns

A patient with somatic symptom disorder would NOT have which of the following?

la belle indifference

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic attack?

lasts over an hour

Jason wants to get out of going to work and shows up to the hospital claiming to be sick. He is likely demonstrating which of the following?

malingering

Robert gets checked out at doctor who gives him an MRI and says there is no sign of a problem. Robert insists that he has a brain tumor and that his place of employment should compensate him. He likely has which of the following?

malingering

Children may not experience the same sense of worry as adults due to a lack of ___________

metacognition

By completing rituals, people with OCD believe they can neutralize the threat of something bad. this behavior is maintained through?

negative reinforcement

Derek is terrified of airplanes. One day, while driving to work, he saw an airplane and immediately turned his car around and went home. This caused him to feel great relief. Derek had just demonstrated which of the following?

negative reinforcement

Which of the following is not associated with increased anxiety?

occipital lobe

The sociocultural model postulates that DID develops when individuals use cues from

other people who display multiple identities therapists the media

A discrete period of intense fear and physical arousal is called ___________

panic attack

One of the most important things to consider in detecting malingering is which of the following?

personal gain

In comparison to normal worries, those with GAD often experience...

pervasive and distressing worries, worries that are unlikely, headaches and stomachaches

feelings of being detached from one's body, going crazy, a fear of dying or of ones surroundings, and/or a fear of losing control are the

physiological symptoms of a panic attack

Heart palpitations (pounding heart or accelerated heart rate), sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness are

physiological symptoms of panic attack

The three elements of anxiety and fear are

physiology, cognition, and behavior

David is seeing a doctor about his anxiety, and the doctor constantly asks David for details about his childhood relationship with his parents. This doctor is likely using which treatment orientation?

psychodynamic

Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called

re-experiencing

the first challenge in treating people with somatic symptom and related disorders is that they are often

reluctant to consult a psychologist

Patients with factitious disorders have which of the following characteristics?

self-administered injuries

Parents go to a clinical psychologist asking about their child who seems to worry all the time about being hurt. He refuses to go to school and won't sleep alone. On the way to school, he often develops stomachaches or headaches. The clinical psychologist suggests that the child be evaluated for

separation anxiety disorder

Sharron has combat-related PTSD. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

she has another anxiety disorder as well

Craig is so nervous at parties that he feels he could have a panic attack at any moment. He likely suffers from _________

social anxiety disorder

Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have

social anxiety disorder

which disorder is the third most common in the US and is one of the earliest appearing disorders in childhood?

social phobia

Ryan had a small rash on his hand and thought "this means I have a brain tumor and will die in one week." He may likely have which of the following?

somatic symptom disorder

Joshua is terrified of going to the doctor to receive his necessary immunizations. He most likely has which disorder?

specific phobia

One form of treatment that has been found to be very helpful for people with somatic complaints is

symptom-focused cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

Some experts argue that dissociative identity disorder (DID) is an iatrogenic disease, which means that it is caused by

the experience of therapy itself

Which of the following is accurate regarding anxiety disorders?

they are associated with decreased serotonin levels

John and Derek are 6-month-old infants. When Derek does not get a toy he wants, he screams loudly, while John remains passive and calm. This difference in behavior reflects which of the following?

trait anxiety

A patient who is successfully recovering from gall bladder surgery and is reluctant to engage in any physical activities even when approved by a physician may be suffering from

transient hypochondriasis

Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive

worry