Abnormal Psychology Chapter 3
Telepsychology (telemental health) can be conducted using smartphone applications.
True
When several or all family members are involved in treatment, but one person has been designated as "the patient," the best description of this is ___________ therapy.
family
__________ therapy is a treatment modality that is specific to psychiatric hospitals and is based on the premise that the environment is a major component of the treatment.
Milieu
The __________ diagnosis is the disorder most closely aligned with the main reason an individual is seeking help.
Principal or principle
The term _____ is preferred when describing a person seeking psychological interventions through therapy because this term implies a collaborative relationship.
Client
Which of the following are doctoral degrees in psychology?
Correct: -PsyD -PhD Incorrect: -MD (An MD is a medical doctorate) -PharmD (A PharmD is a doctoral degree in pharmacy)
Which of the following have medical degrees and are able to administer medical treatments?
Correct: -Psychiatrists Incorrect: -School counselors -Social workers -Psychologists
Dr. Abelson is a clinician, has a doctoral degree (a PhD or PsyD), and is trained in diagnosis and therapy. She is most likely a
Correct: -Psychologist Incorrect: -Nurse Clinician -Social Worker -Psychiatrist (Psychiatrists have a medical degree such as an MD or DO and are trained in medicine (and can prescribe medication), whereas a psychologist usually possesses a PhD or PsyD and is trained in diagnosis and therapy exclusively)
What is the most important aspect of the clinician's role in the therapeutic process?
Correct: -the quality of the clinical relationship Incorrect: -the techniques the clinician uses -offering affordable clinical services -providing psychological testing
Which of the following are the most common client obstacles to seeking psychotherapy?
Correct: -thinking there is something wrong with them because they need help -having increased anxiety because they need to seek help -having to disclose embarrassing information Incorrect: -having to talk about medical, legal, or financial matters
True or false: It is always acceptable to refer to someone as "a schizophrenic" if that person has a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
False (Referring to a person in this way equates the person with the disorder.)
Dr. Gilmore demonstrates awareness of and skill in addressing culturally relevant factors when dealing with clients from different cultural backgrounds. Dr. Gilmore is demonstrating the principle of _________ __________ _________
multiculturally competent care
__________ refers to the time when an individual's symptoms no longer interfere with their behavior and are below the diagnostic threshold.
Remission
Once a clinician makes a formal diagnosis, it is necessary to develop a _____________ formulation, or an analysis of the client's development and the factors that might have influenced their current psychological status.
case
The immediate goal of treating clients in a _______ situation is to ensure that the symptoms are managed, particularly if the clients are a risk to themselves or others.
crisis
A _________ formulation includes a clinician's assessment of the client's degree of identification with the culture of origin, the associated beliefs about psychological disorders, and ways in which particular events are interpreted.
cultural
A ____________ treatment program is designed for formerly hospitalized people who still need a structured program.
day
The ______________ psychologist is trained to work with children and teenagers who require further assessment or behavioral interventions in their educational setting.
school
The fact that psychological disorders vary from one society to another supports the claim of the __________ perspective that cultural factors play a role in influencing the expression of abnormal behavior.
sociocultural
Delivering psychological services over the phone or through videoconferencing is known as
telepsychology
The diagnostic phase is typically followed up with a _________ __________ , the outline for how therapy should take place.
treatment plan
Aiguo has been in psychiatric treatment, both inpatient and outpatient, for schizophrenia. The medication regime he has been on has been very helpful, and he no longer suffers from the hallucinations and delusions he experienced when the disorder was at his worst. Aiguo still is in outpatient therapy to help him improve his life skills and stay motivated to continue with his medication. Which best describes Aiguo's stage of functioning?
Correct: -Aiguo's symptoms are in remission. Incorrect: -Aiguo is cured of his schizophrenia. -Aiguo no longer requires treatment. (While he no longer presently meets the full criteria for schizophrenia, his functioning is best understood as remission.) -Aiguo's treatment was effective. (Aiguo's symptoms have resolved, but this period is known as remission because mental health disorders are conceptualized as falling to subclinical levels.)
______ concepts of distress are the ways that individuals in specific cultural groups experience, understand, and communicate their suffering, behavioral problems, or troubling thoughts and emotions.
Correct: -Cultural Incorrect: -Emotional -Biopsychosocial -Behavioral
To provide consistent diagnoses for all people with specific symptoms, clinicians use
Correct: -a diagnostic manual Incorrect: -a symptom checklist -clinical intuition -the client's self-diagnosis
Felix and Misaki and their twin boys have come to psychotherapy because one of the boys, Kenta, is misbehaving. This is most likely an example of which of the following?
Correct: -family therapy Incorrect: -couples therapy -milieu therapy -individual therapy
Dr. Wasson has a degree in medicine and has received specialized advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders. What kind of clinician is Dr. Wasson?
Correct: -psychiatrist Incorrect: -social worker -marriage and family therapist -clinical psychologist (Psychiatrists have a medical degree (an MD or DO) and then advanced training in the treatment of psychological disorders. Psychologists do not have medical training, nor are they physicians.)
The primary diagnostic manual used in the United States and Canada is:
Correct: -the DSM Incorrect: -their clients' self-diagnoses. -the APA handbook. -the Internet.
The advantage of a new diagnosis must outweigh the harm of categorizing a(n) Blank______ person as having a "disorder."
Correct: -"normal" Incorrect: -unhealthy -"abnormal" -dysfunctional
The DSM-5 is divided into Blank______ chapters.
Correct: -22 Incorrect: -15 -34 -10
The most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is the:
Correct: -DSM-5 Incorrect: -DSM-IIIR -DSM-III -DSM-4
Dr. Robinson ruled out delusional disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, and substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder before settling on a diagnosis of schizophrenia for her patient Rosemary. Dr. Robinson conducted a Blank______ diagnosis.
Correct: -Differential Incorrect: -comorbid -relative -primary
The three main categories of cultural concepts of distress include each of the following except for which?
Correct: -Gender-based syndrome Incorrect: -cultural syndromes -explanations -idioms of distress
Q codes are found in the Blank______.
Correct: -ICD-11 Incorrect: -PDR -DSM-5 -DSM-IV
Specialized Blank______ treatment centers work well for those clients who need intensive supervision but not actual hospital care.
Correct: -Inpatient Incorrect: -nursing -palliative -nursing (Specialized inpatient treatment centers provide intensive supervision but not actual hospital care)
One practical reason for the use of diagnostic manuals is that they allow reimbursement from
Correct: -Insurance companies Incorrect: -clinics. -hospitals. -private people.
What are some of the frustrations that therapists experience in the course of working with clients?
Correct: -Insurance may not pay for a treatment that the therapist is confident would help. -Clients seem overwhelmed with the effort needed for change. -Clients may not be willing to follow through on their expressed desire to change. Incorrect: -Clients may be too eager and the therapist cannot trust the honesty behind their willingness to change.
Which of the following are true of milieu therapy?
Correct: -It is based on the idea that the environment is a major component of treatment. -It is specific to psychiatric hospitals. Incorrect: -Its central assumption is that there should be one person designated as the "patient."
For a diagnostic manual to be valid, it should be:
Correct: -It should be based on prior testing. -It should differentiate between people who have a particular diagnosis and those who do not. Incorrect: -It should be open to interpretation by different clinicians.
Which of the following are best suited to a day treatment program?
Correct: -Joy was recently released from a psychiatric hospital and needs daily structure. -Rhidhi needs a structured program during the day. Incorrect: -David is incapable of self-care and at risk for harming himself or others. -Camille needs intense supervision in order to successfully deal with her addictions.
Why is it best not to refer to clients or patients by the same of their disorder?
Correct: -No two individual with a given disorder are exactly the same. -People are more than the sum of their disorders. -It is disrespectful to the client or patient.
Antonia experiences anxiety when she goes into social settings. Her mother was concerned this was becoming a problem and recommended that she see a therapist. After a thorough assessment of her symptoms, Antonia's therapist determined that she has social phobia. This is best understood as the
Correct: -Principal diagnosis Incorrect: -Primary concern -Case conceptualization -Presenting problems (Molly's presenting problem consisted of her symptoms; however, her principal diagnosis is the way that these symptoms are best classified in the DSM-V)
Which type of doctoral degree in psychology focuses more on practice than on research?
Correct: -PsyD Incorrect: -Master's -MD (An MD is not a psychology degree) -PhD (The PhD is more of a research degree, while the PsyD focuses more on practice)
In most states, the clinician with the medical degree is the only one who can prescribe medication. This clinician is which of the following?
Correct: -Psychiatrist Incorrect: -Marriage and family therapist -Psychologist -Social worker
Why do many of the DSM-5 diagnoses have a medical diagnosis embedded within them?
Correct: -Psychological and biological diseases often relate to each other. Incorrect: -The American Medical Association required that medical diagnoses be included. -The insurance companies required that medical diagnoses be included. -Biological diseases are considered more important than psychological diseases.
A psychologist examines a diagnostic manual and wonders about its Blank______ because when clients display a sad mood, the manual leads one clinician to diagnose a depressive or mood disorder and another clinician to diagnose an anxiety disorder from the same set of symptoms.
Correct: -Reliability Incorrect: -Standardization -Multiaxial system -Validity (Realiability indicates the degree of diagnostic agreement among clinicians)
The DSM-5 has a Blank______ that includes diagnoses not quite well-established enough to be part of the main diagnostic system.
Correct: -Section 3 Incorrect: -separate manual -separate diagnostic system -Section 4
______ are aimed at alleviating the client's symptoms by addressing problematic behavior, thinking, or emotions.
Correct: -Short-term goals Incorrect: -Therapist goals -Behavioral interventions -Medication interventions
______ are aimed at alleviating the client's symptoms by addressing problematic behavior, thinking, or emotions.
Correct: -Short-term goals Incorrect: -Behavioral interventions -Therapist goals -Medication interventions
During the diagnostic process, the clinician must carefully attend to which of the following?
Correct: -The client's emotional expression. -The client's behavior. Incorrect: -The client's insurance information -The client's financial information
Which of the following are true of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)?
Correct: -The tenth edition is in current use. -It is the World Health Organization's classification system. -Most mental health professionals outside of the United States use this. Incorrect: -It is published by the American Psychiatric Association. -It utilizes the DSM-5 classification system.
The diagnoses in a diagnostic manual must represent real and distinct clinical phenomena. This requirement is called Blank______.
Correct: -Validity Incorrect: -Reliability -Clinical utility -Standardization
How long does the diagnostic process usually take?
Correct: -a few hours to a few months Incorrect: -a few years -just a few minutes -it is never completed
Each of the following is an example of a long-term treatment goal except for which?
Correct: -alleviating immediate symptoms Incorrect: -achieving overall recovery -taking a client off medication -help a client gain understanding into the causes of a problem
A native of an African country presents to a clinician saying that her family believes she is possessed by evil spirits. This is an example of how
Correct: -beliefs about mental illness vary from culture to culture. Incorrect: -individuals sometimes seek treatment for an imaginary disorder. -differential diagnosis is often a very difficult endeavor.
Tyler's clinician has made a diagnosis and must now create a picture of how the disorder may have evolved and what factors might influence his psychological status. Which of the following is the best description of this process?
Correct: -case formulation Incorrect: -axis V description -behavioral analysis -differential diagnosis
Mitesh is a 19-year-old, male, college student experiencing depressive symptoms related to a recent breakup with his high school partner. His primary symptoms include sadness, insomnia, and loss of interest in his studies. He is not presenting with any high-risk behavior. What would be the most appropriate setting for him to receive services?
Correct: -college counseling center Incorrect: -college career guidance center (While Mark is experiencing a loss of interest in his studies, his symptoms are related to the recent breakup, and the most appropriate first step for services would be in the counseling center at his college.) -rehabilitation center (A rehabilitation center would be far too restrictive an environment and not required for what is most likely a short-term, situational condition.) -inpatient psychiatric hospital (An inpatient psychiatric hospital would be far too restrictive an environment and not required for what is most likely a short-term, situational condition.)
In Blank______ therapy, both partners in a relationship meet with a psychotherapist.
Correct: -couples Incorrect: -milieu -individual -group (Group therapy Involves many clients with similar issues.)
Ahmad and Melanie, a married couple, have decided to seek psychotherapy because they have been arguing a lot lately. They will most likely seek which of the following?
Correct: -couples psychotherapy Incorrect: -individual psychotherapy -milieu psychotherapy -group psychotherapy
When we talk about the clinician's need to account for the client's cultural background in making diagnoses, we are talking about
Correct: -cultural formulation Incorrect: -neuropsychological assessment. -comorbidity. -differential diagnosis.
Mental health services that are provided in the workplace are called
Correct: -employee assistance programs Incorrect: -worker compensation programs. -workplace counseling systems. -employer mandated programs.
Which of the following are short-term treatment goals?
Correct: -examining the nature of the symptoms -stabilizing a client's medications -establishing a working relationship Incorrect: -helping a client understand the causes of symptoms
Which may negatively impact treatment success?
Correct: -financial constraints -lack of cooperation of other people in the client's life -client relocation
Which of the following would NOT be a question on the WHODAS? "In the past 30 days how much difficulty did you have in Blank______?"
Correct: -finding a new job Incorrect: -getting dressed -washing your whole body -moving around inside your house
Grace is involved in therapy where a number of people meet to discuss their common problems, receive feedback, develop trust, and improve their interpersonal skills. In which modality of therapy is Grace involved?
Correct: -group Incorrect: -milieu -family -individual
The therapy modality that Jeff's clinician recommends for him involves him meeting with a therapist on a one-to-one basis. This is known as which of the following?
Correct: -individual psychotherapy Incorrect: -milieu psychotherapy -group psychotherapy -family psychotherapy
The term Blank______ refers to the form in which one offers psychotherapy. This is a crucial component of the treatment plan.
Correct: -modality Incorrect: -assessment -validity -prognosis
The treatment modality that a clinician uses
Correct: -must be chosen based on the most appropriate theoretical perspective. Incorrect: -doesn't actually matter. -should be the one that the client chooses. -needs to be one that the clinician feels most comfortable with.
Which of the following are professionals involved in clinical work who do not usually have doctoral degrees?
Correct: -nurse clinicians -social workers -marriage and family therapists Incorrect: -clinical psychologists
Which of the following mental health professionals typically hold a master's degree as their highest degree?
Correct: -nurse clinicians -social workers -school psychologists Incorrect: -counseling psychologists
Faith's clinician has a specific treatment site in mind for her because she is at risk of harming herself and seems incapable of self-care. Which of the following treatment sites is Faith's clinician thinking about?
Correct: -psychiatric hospital Incorrect: -day treatment program -halfway house -outpatient treatment
A treatment site that provides medical intervention for clients who are a danger to themselves or to others and are incapable of self-care is a(n)
Correct: -psychiatric hospital Incorrect: -day treatment program. -outpatient facility. -halfway house.
Clients receiving outpatient services will
Correct: -receive more limited care than they would in a hospital. Incorrect: -receive more comprehensive care than they would in a hospital. -receive more expensive care than they would in a hospital. -receive more extensive care than they would in a hospital.
A treatment site that provides supportive services and round-the-clock monitoring but not actual hospital care is a(n)
Correct: -specialized inpatient treatment center. Incorrect: -psychiatric hospital -outpatient treatment facility -halfway house or day treatment program (A treatment site that provides supportive services and round-the-clock monitoring but not actual hospital care is a specialized inpatient treatment center)
The diagnostic manual most widely used outside the United States is
Correct: -the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) manual. Incorrect: -the Spearman Classification of Psychiatric Disorders. -the DSM-IV-TR. -the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association.
To rate a client's overall social, occupational, and psychological functioning, a clinician would most likely use
Correct: -the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS). Incorrect: -a complex matrix of psychosocial diagnostic instruments. -a government database containing the client's mental-health records from kindergarten onward. -Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR (The DSM-IV is not in use anymore. The WHODAS in any event would be most appropriate to rate social, occupational, and psychological functioning).
Each of these are important components of the role of the client in the psychotherapy process except for which?
Correct: -the client's own background and training in psychology Incorrect: -the client's ability to become more comfortable discussing symptoms with the therapist -the client's attitude toward the therapy -the client's attitude toward the therapist
Clinicians use all relevant information to arrive at a label that best captures the client's disorder. This is called
Correct: -the diagnostic process Incorrect: -the client-centered approach. -labeling. -the cognitive approach.
Evidence-based practice in psychology involves choosing the best theoretical intervention to use in psychotherapy. These principles are the result of
Correct: -the integration of research findings and clinical experience Incorrect: -asking clients what works best. -using whatever theoretical assumptions were present when the clinician received their training. -using techniques that the clinician is comfortable with.
When making a recommendation to a treatment facility, which factors are most important to consider?
Correct: -the nature of the services that the client will be able to receive -the cost and insurance coverage -whether the environment offers enough control for the client's level of risk Incorrect: -the types of amenities offered to residents
Each of the following is part of the treatment plan except for which?
Correct: -the payment method Incorrect: -the treatment goals -the treatment site -the modality of treatment
What is the role of the client in psychotherapy?
Correct: -to describe personal reactions as treatment progresses -to describe and identify the nature of the disorder -to initiate and follow through on changes as they emerge over time Incorrect: -to develop a treatment plan
The immediate goal of treating clients in crisis should be
Correct: -to manage their symptoms Incorrect: -to take a family history. -to do a treatment plan. -to do psychological testing.
Clinicians should understand their clients' cultural background not just for diagnostic purposes, but also
Correct: -to see how their culture might offer support. Incorrect: -for possible genetic information. -to understand their biological risk factors. -to determine if they will be good therapy candidates.
The purpose of Q codes in the ICD is
Correct: -to specify factors influencing the individual's health status or reason for contacting health services. Incorrect: -to help the psychologist cross-reference factors common to many clients. -to flag the most unstable clients for particular attention. -to quantify the level of family dysfunction contributing to the client's emotional turmoil.
The hope for future diagnostic manuals is that they will be based on Blank______ rather than symptoms alone.
Correct: -underlying causes Incorrect: -behaviors -biological factors -psychological factors
Marja comes from a society where a common religion is highly valued. When she presented for therapeutic services, her therapist took this into account and wondered if her religious beliefs could be used to justify her treatment goals. This is an example of
Correct: -using people's cultural background to help them cope with stressful events. Incorrect: -using the concept of differential diagnosis to help drive treatment goals. -how comorbidity often complicates diagnostic situations.
The therapeutic relationship requires each of the following of the client except
Correct: -willingness to continue working with the therapist even if it is not helping or things are getting worse. Incorrect: -willingness to break old patterns. -willingness to endure some pain and embarrassment. -willingness to work with the therapist in establishing a relationship.
________ diagnosis involves the ruling out of alternative diagnoses.
Differential
__________-based practice in psychology integrates the best available research findings and clinical experience in the context of the background of the client in deciding on a theoretical approach to psychotherapy.
Evidence
Under the principle of multiculturally competent care, clinicians should not work with individuals from cultural backgrounds that differ from their own.
False
True or false: Only one treatment modality should be used with each client.
False (Clinicians recommend one or more modalities depending on the nature of the client's symptoms and whether or not other people in the client's life should be involved)
True or false: The DSM-5 uses a multiaxial system to characterize individuals in a multidimensional way.
False (The DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR used the multiaxial system to characterize the multiple dimensions of an individual's clinical presentation)
True or false: The DSM-5 uses a multiaxial system.
False (The DSM-IV used a multiaxial system, but it was abandoned with the publication of the DSM-5)
True or false: Therapy cannot begin until the diagnostic process is complete.
False (The client and clinician need not wait until the diagnostic process is complete to begin doing therapeutic work, particularly if the client is in crisis)
__________ therapy provides a modality in which clients who face similar issues can openly share their difficulty with others and receive feedback.
Group
__________ psychotherapy involves treatment on a one-to-one basis with a therapist.
Individual
_______-term goals include more fundamental and deeply rooted alterations in the client's psychological health.
Long
Diagnostic manuals are also important because without a standardized diagnosis, a client may not be able to receive insurance benefits.
True
In order to be valid, a diagnostic manual must provide empirical that it can differentiate between people who have a diagnosis and those who do not.
True
True or false: Section 3 in DSM-5 includes diagnoses not considered well established enough to be part of the main system.
True
A halfway house provides a place where clients who have been discharged from psychiatric hospitals but are not quite prepared for independent living can develop the skills they need for independent living.
True (A halfway house provides a place where clients who have been discharged from psychiatric hospitals but are not quite prepared for independent living can develop the skills they need for independent living)
Often, a clinician's own theoretical orientation forms the basis for the clinician's treatment decisions.
True (Often, a clinician's own theoretical orientation forms the basis for the clinician's treatment decisions.)
The most common treatment site is a private therapist's outpatient clinic or office.
True (The most common treatment site is a private therapist's outpatient clinic or office)
The ___________ process uses a systematic approach to classify clients' disorders.
diagnosis or diagnostic
