Abnormal Psychology Chapter 3, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 3 - quiz, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 3 - Assignment
A symptom ------- is used when clinicians or researchers want a quick way to determine a person's symptoms
questionnaire
The setting of the threshold between what is considered normal and abnormal along the continuum is a
subjective judgment
What is the purpose of the validity scales in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?
to determine whether the person taking the inventory is responding honestly
Clinicians use brain ------ to search for differences in brain activity or structure between people with a psychological disorder and people with no disorder.
imaging or scans
Thomas Szasz argued that
the entire system of diagnosing mental illness is corrupt and should be abandoned.
In a mental status exam, when a clinician takes note of how coherently and quickly a client speaks, the clinician is primarily assessing the client's
thought processes
----- observation refers to clinicians looking at a person's specific behaviors and what precedes and follows these behaviors.
Behavioral
When diagnostic criteria define where normality ends and psychopathology begins, this is called what kind of a diagnostic system?
Categorical
What are some of the problems with children describing their emotions and behaviors?
Children may show distress only in nonverbal behaviors. Children cannot describe their feelings as well as adults can. Children may talk about physical aches and pains rather than emotional pain when distressed.
How do clinicians typically begin their psychological assessment?
Clinical Interview
Initial interviews where most of the information for an assessment is gathered is also known as
Clinical Interview
One of the new diagnostic features of the DSM-5-TR is that it
adds a continuum or dimensional perspective.
If Marjorie scored similar results on both forms of a test, the test would demonstrate high
alternate forms reliability.
Clinical interviews are a face-to-face conversation that gathers information about the client's behavior,
attitudes, emotions, and life history
The DSM-I and the DSM-II were
based on psychoanalytic theory
A clinician asks a couple to engage in discussion about an area of disagreement to observe their interaction. What is this called?
behavioral observation
A clinician who is assessing a child in elementary school might request information from all of the following people except the
child's neighbor
A test is considered to have predictive validity when it
reliably represents how a person will think, feel, or behave in the future.
There is evidence that Black Americans are overdiagnosed as having symptoms of
schizophrenia.
The concept of validity of a psychological test refers to which of the following ideas?
A test measures what it was designed to measure.
Which of the following distinguish later editions of the DSM from the earlier editions?
The criteria for most disorders require that the symptoms interfere with occupational and social functioning. Later editions specify how long a person must show symptoms in order to be given the diagnosis. There is an emphasis on the the length of symptoms and severity.
Which of the following were improvements from older editions that were made in the DSM-III and DSM-IV?
The criteria reflected the fact that not all symptoms of a disorder need to be present in every individual. The criteria for disorders were specific and concrete.
Which of the following were criticisms of the DSM-I and the DSM-II?
The criteria were heavily influenced by psychoanalytic theory. The reliability was low. The criteria were vague descriptions.
Which of the following brain-imaging techniques is considered the most effective?
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
A quick way to assess a person's symptoms is to issue a(n)
symptom questionnaire.
--- ---- is an option for mental health professionals to use open-ended questions.
Unstructured Interview
What are the five categories, in order, in mental status exam?
1. individual's appearance 2. individual's thought processes 3. individual's mood and affect 4. Individual's intellectual functioning 5. individual's overall awareness to their surroundings
Mental status exam is when the clinician asks a variety of questions that relate to -- categories
5
Which of the following are features of behavioral assessment?
Actions are recorded. Antecedents and consequences are noted.
Which of the following is used by clinician who wants images of structural damage to the brain?
CT scan
Who will assess the sensorium of the individual?
Clinician
Which of the following statements is true about the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
Clinicians are interested in the content and style of subjects' responses.
Which of the following is an enhanced X-ray procedure?
Computerized tomography (CT)
She took the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. She got an IQ of 125 in both tests. Both tests have what type of validity?
Concurrent
validity is the extent to which a test yields the same results as other, established measures of the same behavior, thoughts. or feelings.
Concurrent
If a test assesses all important aspects of a phenomenon, the test is said to have ________validity.
Content
In the Rorschach Inkblot Test, examiners are interested in what aspects of the respondents' answers?
Content and Style
Which of the following perspectives did the DSM-5 attempt to incorporate?
Continuum or dimensional perspective on mental disorders
Test- ---- reliability describes how consistent the results of a test are over time.
test-retest
The most recent version of the manual used to diagnose disorders in the United States is the
DSM-5-TR
Which type of test measures electrical activity along the scalp?
EEG
One of the first classification systems for psychological symptoms was developed by
Hippocrates
If mental retardation is suspected, which measure is best used to assess its severity?
Intelligence Test
Which of the following was the main problem with the earlier editions of the DSM?
Low reliability of the diagnoses
What is a limitation of using CT technology?
It exposes patients to X-rays.
Which of the following is a problem with the continuum perspective of diagnosis as introduced in the DSM-5?
It is easier for clinicians to think in terms of categories than continuums.
Neuropsychological tests are useful when a clinician suspects what type of impairment in a person?
Neurological
Paper-Pencil ---- tests may be useful in detecting specific cognitive deficits.
Neuropsychological
Who potentially have the most complete information related to a child's psychological and emotional functioning?
Parents
Parents and/or caregivers are often used as a resource when assessing children. Which of the following statements are problematic about this practice?
Parents and/or caregivers are not always accurate in their assessment of their children's functioning. Parents' and/or caregivers perceptions of their children's well-being can be influenced by their own symptoms and perceptions. Parent and child may disagree on what the problem is. The parents and/or caregivers may be the source of a child's psychological problems.
Which of the following is not true of child psychopathology?
Parents' perceptions of their children's well-being are rarely influenced by their own symptoms of psychopathology and their expectations for their children.
A clinician was interested in assessing someone's coping skills, social resources, and vulnerabilities. Which assessment method would do the best job addressing these issues?
Personality Interview
Shannon has been asked to complete a self-report test that is designed to assess her thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. This is most likely which type of test?
Personality Inventory
Which of the following is a technique in which a psychologist asks a client questions about ambiguous figures?
Projective Test
Some critics have referred to Rorschach test as a ------- which lacks scientific reliability and ------
Pseudoscience ...... Validity
------ tests are used to detect changes in the brain and nervous system that reflect emotional and psychological changes. These tests are alternative methods to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), positron-emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Psychophysiological
------- tests are used to detect changes in the brain and nervous systems that reflect emotional and psychological changes.
Psychophysiological
------ of diagnoses can impede progress in research and treatment as researchers focus on understanding the causes of and treatments for the diagnosis rather than on the biological, psychological, and social problems that underlie the disorder.
Reification
Which of the following is the tendency to see a diagnosis as real and true, rather than a set of judgments about how symptoms tend to go together?
Reifying diagnoses
------ of a test indicates the consistency of the scores it produces.
Reliability
A client takes an MMPI-2 test in January and then takes the same test again in March. The scores each time are quite similar. This illustrates what assessment concept?
Reliability
One of the greatest challenges to obtaining valid information from an individual can be which of the following?
Resistance to provide information
The projective test that involves an examiner asking a respondent to discuss various cards containing symmetrical inkblots is known as the ------
Rorschach Inkblot test
Which of the following statements about a syndrome are true?
Several symptoms make up a syndrome. People differ in which of the symptoms of a syndrome they experience more strongly. Not everyone experiences the same symptoms of a syndrome for a particular disorder.
Marissa is a clinician-in-training who is administering intelligence tests. The supervisor reminds Marissa that it is crucial to follow the exact instructions in the administration and scoring of the test each time it is administered. To what important concept is the supervisor referring?
Standardization
One important way to improve both validity and reliability is to ------ the administration and interpretation of tests.
Standardize
In order to quickly assess a person's symptoms, a clinician or researcher may want to use which of the following?
Symptom questionnaire
Which of the following is true regarding evaluating individuals when there is a cultural difference between the assessor and the person being assessed?
Symptoms may be both underdiagnosed and overdiagnosed as a result of misunderstandings.
A set of symptoms that tend to occur together is known as a
Syndrome
Which of the following statements about child psychopathology is not correct?
Teachers' assessments of children are always similar to the assessments of other adults, including parents and trained clinicians.
------ reliability refers to how consistent the results of a test are over time.
Test-retest
Marge was found to have about the same level of depression based on an assessment she completed in February and again in November. The test was likely a good example of what type of reliability?
Test-retest
What test or type of test asks patients to make up a story about what is happening in the pictures presented to them?
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Which of the following best describe the uses of intelligence tests?
They assist in determining future academic success. They help determine a person's intellectual strengths and weaknesses.
Which of the following did Szasz believe regarding the diagnosis of mental disorders?
They do not really exist. People who seem to be suffering from them are oppressed by society. Mental disorders are really alternative ways of behaving and looking at the world.
Which critic of psychiatry argued that biases inherent in determining mental illness render the entire system of diagnosis to be corrupt?
Thomas Szasz
Sensorium is the last category that assesses the clients general awareness of which of the following?
Time, Person, Place
Which of the following describes how brain imaging is used?
To search for differences in brain activity or structure between people with a psychological disorder and people with no disorder
The purpose of personality testing is which of the following?
To understand a person's thoughts, behaviors, and emotions
An assessment designed to understand symptoms along a continuum would ask which of the following questions?
To what extent or degree does this symptom occur?
Which term refers to the accuracy of a test in assessing what it is supposed to measure?
Validity
A frequent complaint with the DSM-IV-TR was that most people who were diagnosed with one disorder also met the criteria for another disorder. This overlap among disorders is known as
comorbidity.
Which of the following are concerns regarding the DSM-5 classification system?
What was the empirical justification for inclusion and exclusion of disorders? What is the social impact of some of the new diagnoses? Why was the process of developing the DSM-5 dismissive of alternative points of view?
When Jermain was answering a questionnaire, he noticed that all the questions concerned an unhappy mood, apathy, loss of appetite, and sleep. He concluded that the questionnaire was probably about depression. This questionnaire is said to have what kind of validity? Multiple choice question.
face
Cultural biases can arise when people are speaking the same language but have different cultural ----
background
What is one of the greatest challenges to assessing people's problems?
client resistance to providing information
Mark takes a test to measure his general level of anxiety. After taking the test, Mark realizes that the test contains questions only on the physical symptoms of anxiety and no questions on the cognitive symptoms, which are equally important aspects of the phenomenon of anxiety. In this case, the test appears to lack
content validity.
Which of the following is used to assess people's typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving?
current symptoms
A set of syndromes and the rules for determining whether an individual's symptoms are part of one of these syndromes constitute a(n)
diagnostic criterion
When electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns over brief periods are recorded in response to specific stimuli, these EEG patterns are referred to as
evoked potentials
A test is said to have ----- validity when, on face value, the items seem to measure what the test is intended to measure.
face
What was a problem with older versions of the DSM?
low reliability
Which of the following is used to assess people's typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving?
personality inventory
A test is said to have high ________ if it accurately measures how a person will think, act, or feel in the future.
predictive validity
The first edition of the DSM
provided vague diagnostic criteria for the listed mental disorders and was heavily influenced by psychoanalytic theory.
Assessment is inherently a process of ________ pieces of information about an individual.
psychoanalysis of
There is evidence that African Americans in the United States are overdiagnosed as having symptoms of
schizophrenia.
Tina is asked to keep track of how often she bites her nails. What is this type of tracking behavior called?
self-monitoring
The treatment plan used by mental health professionals should not
serve as a reminder of the client's failures and shortcomings.
The accuracy of a test in assessing what it is supposed to measure is called its
validity