Abnormal Psychology Exam 2

You may choose more than one correct answer for this question. Which of the following are examples that accurately depict DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for panic disorder? - Louise consumed a drug, which caused the following reactions: increased heart rate, dizziness, shaking, and derealization - Greg has a family history of heart disease. He went to the emergency room one night, and was told he had a panic attack, but otherwise looked healthy. He worried about the effects on his heart for about a week afterwards. - For the past 3 months, Ruiz has been insistent on always carrying Xanax with him, for fear of having a panic attack - Donte begins to avoid situations, because he cannot predict when and where his panic attacks will happen

- For the past 3 months, Ruiz has been insistent on always carrying Xanax with him, for fear of having a panic attack - Donte begins to avoid situations, because he cannot predict when and where his panic attacks will happen

This is a question that allows for one or more answers. Please select the correct answers. According to your text and lecture, what are the key differences between Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? - Acute stress disorder can "evolve into" PTSD over time - A PTSD diagnosis requires the experience of trauma, whereas acute stress disorder involves an extreme reaction to otherwise common stressors (e.g., unemployment) - Acute stress disorder is diagnosed between 3-30 days after a traumatic event, whereas PTSD can only be diagnosed 1 month following the index trauma - PTSD is more specific about requiring symptoms from different diagnostic categories, whereas acute stress disorder only requires 9+ symptons, regardless of category

Acute stress disorder can "evolve into" PTSD over time Acute stress disorder is diagnosed between 3-30 days after a traumatic event, whereas PTSD can only be diagnosed 1 month following the index trauma PTSD is more specific about requiring symptoms from different diagnostic categories, whereas acute stress disorder only requires 9+ symptons, regardless of category

For six years, Inez has avoided elevators out of extreme fear that once an elevator closes, she will either not be able to escape, or she will have a panic attack and other riders will think she is crazy. Based on the details of this presenting problem, for which disorder will a psychologist most likely conduct a diagnostic assessment? - Social anxiety disorder - Generalized anxiety disorder - Agoraphobia - Acute stress disorder

Agoraphobia

This is a question that allows for one or more answers. Please select the correct answers. Which of the following are characteristics that can contribute to the seriousness of a stressor Chronicity Timing Severity of the stressor Predictability and controllability

All of the above

This is a question that allows for one or more answers. Please select the correct answers. Which of the following are the major symptom clusters of PTSD? - Avoidance - Negative alterations in cognitions and mood - Arousal and reactivity - Reexperiencing/Intrusion

All of the above

You may choose more than one answer for this question. As addressed throughout your textbook chapter and in lecture, select all of the following that are commonly shared (or "transdiagnostic") features across anxiety disorders. - Perceived lack of control/helplessness - Low tolerance of uncertainty - Distorted beliefs and thinking patterns - Avoidance of the feared stimuli

All of the above

This is a question that allows for one or more answers. Please select the correct answers. According to the text and lecture, which of the following are criteria for Adjustment Disorder? - Diagnosis can include "qualifiers", such as "with depressed mood" or "with anxious mood" or "with conduct problems" - A short-term reaction to trauma that lasts for no more than 2 weeks - Must start within 3 months of the start of the trigger, and dissipate once the trigger is resolved/done - Experiencing notable distress and impairment in reaction to an otherwise normal stressor

Diagnosis can include "qualifiers", such as "with depressed mood" or "with anxious mood" or "with conduct problems" Must start within 3 months of the start of the trigger, and dissipate once the trigger is resolved/done Experiencing notable distress and impairment in reaction to an otherwise normal stressor

Which of the following types of memory is typically the only type of memory affected by dissociative amnesic reactions? - Procedural and/or implicit memory - Semantic memory - Episodic and/or autobiographical memory - Short-term memory

Episodic and/or autobiographical memory

What do current experts believe is the core feature of generalized anxiety disorder? - Perfectionism - Excessive worrying - Defense mechanisms - Genetic heritability

Excessive worrying

What of the following are among the most common obsessive thoughts in people with OCD? - Being the victim of crime and having a panic attack in public - Fear of contamination and fear of harming others - Worry about humiliating oneself in public - Desire to get intoxicated on drugs and alcohol

Fear of contamination and fear of harming others

Which of the following is FALSE about panic attacks. - If someone has their first panic attack, they can be 100% certain that they have a psychological disorder. - According to the DSM-5, four or more panic symptoms must occur at once to be considered a panic attack - Panic attacks are like "false alarms" produced by the body's fight/flight response - Panic attacks peak within minutes

If someone has their first panic attack, they can be 100% certain that they have a psychological disorder.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding resilience? - One positive correlate of resilience is age - One positive correlate of resilience is having more economic resources - If you experience a truamatic event, you are more than likely to develop PTSD - Resilience is the most common reaction to loss or trauma

If you experience a truamatic event, you are more than likely to develop PTSD

Which of the following examples is most likely indicative of social anxiety disorder? - Alisha, who starts sweating when presenting to her classmates - Joey, who rejects a promotion at his job, because it requires leading meetings and public speaking - Cleo, who feels embarrassed after tripping and falling in front of someone she thinks is attractive - Jose, who has been described by his family members as "shy"

Joey, who rejects a promotion at his job, because it requires leading meetings and public speaking

Which of the following is currently the most controversial approach to preventing and/or treating PTSD, according to trauma researchers and practitioners? - Cognitive behavioral therapies - Antidepressants - Psychological debriefing - Telephone crisis hotlines

Psychological debriefing

Which of the following body parts is the most frequent target of concern for people with body dysmorphic disorder? - Buttocks - Breasts/chest/nipples - Skin - Stomach

Skin

The anxiety disorders with the highest lifetime prevalence rates include which of the following? - Panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder - Specific phobia and social anxiety disorder - Agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder - Panic disorder and social anxiety disorder

Specific phobia and social anxiety disorder

Which of the following about prevalence rates of PTSD is correct? - The U.S. lifetime prevalence rate for PTSD is about 6.8% - Higher rates of PTSD have been found among men, compared to women - Military personnel deployed to Iraq have PTSD rates as the general U.S. population - PTSD is rarely comorbid with other mental health disorders

The U.S. lifetime prevalence rate for PTSD is about 6.8%

What do all of the compulsions seen in OCD have in common? - They are engaged in as means of alleviating tension. - There is little desire to engage in the compulsion. - They all take 15 to 20 minutes to perform. - All involve counting.

They are engaged in as means of alleviating tension.

Which of the following is FALSE about benzodiazepine medications (e.g., Xanax; Klonopin) - They should be used infrequently and over a short amount of time - They may paradoxically make anxiety disorders worse by serving as an avoidance strategy over time - Physiological and psychological dependence is highly likely with long-term use - They are the most effective medication for curing anxiety disorders.

They are the most effective medication for curing anxiety disorders.

Which of the following trauma characteristics is associated with greater risk for PTSD? - Witnessing a traumatic event happen to someone else - Hearing about a traumatic event happening to a loved one - Truamatic events intentionally perpetrated by other people - Traumatic events caused by uncontrollable weather patterns (e.g., tornados, hurricanes)

Truamatic events intentionally perpetrated by other people

Fill in the blank with the correct answer from below. The emotion anxiety is characterized by __________. - self-preoccupation - concern about the future - the activation of the "fight or flight" response - negative thoughts, but not a change in physiological arousal

concern about the future

In __________, one's sense of the reality of the outside world is lost. - derealization - a fugue - depersonalization - implicit memories

derealization

An important goal of psychotherapy for persons with DID is to ________ - assist the patient in admitting to past childhood trauma. - help the patient eliminate sources of secondary gain that may develop as a result of having alters. - enable the patient to release alters and mourn their passing. - integrate the patient's personalities into one identity that is better able to cope with current stressors.

integrate the patient's personalities into one identity that is better able to cope with current stressors.

For the DSM-5 diagnostic category of Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders, experiencing acute stress/trauma is a __________________________ for a diagnosis, but not ________________________ for a diagnosis. - necessary criteron; sufficient on its own - sufficent criterion on its own; always needed

necessary criteron; sufficient on its own

With the general public, the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is often confused with the diagnosis of __________ as a result of the use of the phrase ______________. - paranoid personality disorder; "deranged personality" - schizophrenia; "split personality" - borderline personality disorder; "split personality" - schizophrenia; "cracked personality"

schizophrenia; "split personality"

Jamal is has had splitting headaches for months--starting around the time of his job promotion. He is concerned that the headaches will ruin his work performance and his marriage, and he has stopped exercising for fear of cuing a headache. He has seen six general and specialist physicians about the pain, but there has been no evidence of physical causes from their assessments. One physician refers Jamal to a psychologist, mostly likely to be assessed for __________________. - illness anxiety disorder - somatic symptom disorder - conversion disorder - factitious disorder

somatic symptom disorder

Thought-action fusion is ________ - the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it. - a psychotic symptom that helps distinguish between anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders. - the reason why trying to suppress unwanted thoughts often causes an increase in those thoughts. - support for the preparedness theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it.

Jennifer has a very unusual problem. She feels compelled to pull out her own hair, both the hair on her head as well as hair in different parts of her body. This has led to embarrassing bald spots, skin irritations, and occasional bleeding in the past. Jennifer is now in treatment for ____________. - trichotillomania - obsessive-compulsive disorder - excoriation disorder - body dysmorphic disorder

trichotillomania

Lisa has a specific phobia. Whenever she encounters the feared situation/object, her heart rate initially increases, like with most specific phobias. However, her blood pressure will then suddenly plummet--sometimes causing her to faint. This unique physiological response is associated with which of the following types of specific phobia? - Situational phobias - Animal phobias - Blood-injection-injury phobias - Natural environment phobias

Blood-injection-injury phobias