Abnormal Test 3
What kind of correlation coefficient shows a weak or absent relationship between two variables? a) A correlation coefficient close to zero b) A correlation coefficient that doesn't prove a causal relationship between the variables c) A correlation coefficient close to minus one d) A correlation coefficient that is statistically significant
a) A correlation coefficient close to zero
Which of the following is an example of conversion disorder? a) A stressed out and homesick college student suddenly has repeated seizures without any neurological abnormality found in medical testing b) A man involuntarily urinates himself when a bear jumps out and scares him on his hike c) A student pretends to be sick and skips class d) A former skydiver faints every time he feels a breeze because of his past experiences with parachute malfunction
a) A stressed out and homesick college student suddenly has repeated seizures without any neurological abnormality found in medical testing
Which one of these is a psychodynamic approach to unipolar depression treatment? a) Address the underlying issues of loss and dependence b) Challenging automatic thoughts c) Reintroduce pleasurable activities d) Appropriately reinforce depressive and non-depressive behaviors
a) Address the underlying issues of loss and dependence
Someone experiencing dissociative amnesia would be MOST LIKELY to have problems with what memories? a) All events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time b) All events before and after the trauma c) Some but not all the events surrounding the trauma d) All events from the trauma onward
a) All events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time
Which of the following best differentiates people with bulimia from those with anorexia? a) Bulimics experience more difficulties controlling impulses b) Anorexics are less likely to have the need to "be perfect" c) Anorexics have more problems with gums and teeth due to vomiting d) Bulimics tend to be drastically more likely to have distorted body image
a) Bulimics experience more difficulties controlling impulses
Which of the following is characterized by repeatedly and deliberately presenting oneself as ill, impaired, or injured so that you can assume the sick role and receive care? a) Factitious disorder b) Conversion disorder c) Somatic symptom disorder d) Illness anxiety disorder
a) Factitious disorder
If a client were instructed to tape-record obsessive thoughts and listen to them for two hours each day, the client would be experiencing what therapy technique? a) Habituation training b) Free association c) Neutralization d) Response prevention
a) Habituation training
What is the behavioral explanation for somatic symptom disorder? a) Hysterical symptoms bring rewards to the sufferers b) Hysterical symptoms are forms of communication c) Sufferers convert underlying conflicts into physical symptoms d) Sufferers do not know other ways to express emotional turmoil
a) Hysterical symptoms bring rewards to the sufferers
Which of the following is true, regarding the biological view of unipolar depression? a) Low activities of norepinephrine and serotonin contribute to the cause of depression b) Dopamine, acetylcholine, and the endocrine system play no role in depression c) If the biological model is true, we can ignore the psychological models d) Activation of the immune system produces symptoms that are the opposite of depression
a) Low activities of norepinephrine and serotonin contribute to the cause of depression
Which of the following is the LEAST effective treatment for unipolar depression (in appropriate patients)? a) Psychodynamic psychotherapy b) Interpersonal psychotherapy c) Couples therapy d) SSRI antidepressants e) Cognitive-Behavioral therapy
a) Psychodynamic psychotherapy
What does treatment for illness anxiety disorder (aka hypochondriasis) resemble? a) Treatment for OCD b) PTSD treatment c) It resembles physiological treatment d) Treatment for personality disorders
a) Treatment for OCD
According to Durkheim, suicides by people who give up their lives so that another person may live would be classified as... a) altruistic suicides b) egotistic suicides c) imitative suicides d) anomic suicides
a) altruistic suicides
Callie is a junior in college. She went home for the first time in a few years. Upon seeing her, her parents became concerned about several things that they noticed about her. Callie is thinner than ever before, she has trouble sleeping at night, and she appears to be losing her hair. Every time her parents suggest going out to eat, or serve a meal at home, Callie lies to her parents and tells them she already ate, or that she isn't hungry. Callie is showing signs of... a) anorexia nervosa b) somatic disorders c) bulimia nervosa d) conversion disorder
a) anorexia nervosa
People who do not believe that death is the end but that death is a transition to a desired existence. a) death ignorer b) death initiator c) death darer d) death seeker
a) death ignorer
Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy for depression? a) it can reduce relapse better than medication alone b) it is actually faster than pharmacological therapies c) it is less effective than psychodynamic therapies d) none of the above
a) it can reduce relapse better than medication alone
Self-inflicted death with evidence (either explicit or implicit) that the person intended to die. a) suicide b) parasuicide c) aborted suicide attempt d) suicidal ideation e) suicidal intent
a) suicide
Why is it difficult to treat severe major depression with behavior therapy? a) the patient's lack of motivation makes it difficult to get him or her to produce pleasurable activities b) Behavioral therapy is generally not too effective c) Behavioral therapists do not often treat depression d) Behavioral Activation can trigger a "switch" into mania
a) the patient's lack of motivation makes it difficult to get him or her to produce pleasurable activities
People who experience obsessions show: a) thoughts that are intrusive and unwanted to them b) a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate c) typical levels of worry about real problems d) thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist
a) thoughts that are intrusive and unwanted to them
One medical problem frequently linked to bulimia nervosa is... a) tooth loss b) sodium deficiency c) hyper-mania d) hair loss
a) tooth loss
To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least: a) two weeks b) one month c) two months d) one year
a) two weeks
Peerasin does not like eating in front of other people because he is embarrassed about his ravenous eating. Last Thursday, he ate two whole rotisserie chickens, an entire large pizza, a bag of grapes, a can of miracle whip, and 2 sleeves of oreos. He ate until he felt sick and passed out. When he came to, he felt ashamed but did not try to do anything to get rid of the food or work off the calories. This is not the first time that he's eaten this much. Which diagnosis best describes Peerasin? a) Insufficient data to make an accurate diagnosis b) Binge eating disorder c) No diagnosis. It's a lifestyle choice d) Early onset of bulimia nervosa
b) Binge eating disorder
What disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain in a person who maintains normal weight? a) Anorexia nervosa b) Bulimia nervosa c) Obesity d) Obsession
b) Bulimia nervosa
Exaggerated assessment of threat represents what aspect of the stress response? a) Emotional response b) Cognitive response c) Physical response d) Spiritual response
b) Cognitive response
A patient experienced heart palpitation for the first time eight months ago. Since then, he has been worried about having a heart attack. He would visit a cardiologist monthly, although the results would come back as normal. He spends most of his time checking his heart rate and refuses to do anything to increase his heart rate. This is a classic example of... a) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder b) Illness anxiety disorder c) conversion disorder d) factitious disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
Which of these is NOT a symptom of unipolar depression? a) Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities most of the day nearly every day b) Increase in spontaneity c) Reduced ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness nearly everyday d) Poor sleep and appetite
b) Increase in spontaneity
Which of the following medications is classified as a mood stabilizer and is used to treat manic episodes and prevent the return of manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder? a) Antidepressants b) Lithium c) Atypical antipsychotics d) Anti-anxiety medication
b) Lithium
The Institutional Review board has a minimum set of requirements to ensure the protection of subjects, as well as justifying the value of research. Which of the following scenarios is consistent with these requirements? a) A researcher, who happens to be a professor at a local university, makes his students participate in his experiment b) Participants are required to sign an Informed Consent before the beginning of the experiment c) A researcher displays the names of the participants in his experiments on his research blog d) a researcher does not inform participants of the nature of their participation prior to starting the research
b) Participants are required to sign an Informed Consent before the beginning of the experiment
What type of group therapy does not have a therapist? a) Family therapy b) Self-help groups c) Couples therapy d) Culture-Sensitive Therapy
b) Self-help groups
Melanie has had several depressive episodes over many years and has been treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy with good results. Recently, she began showing symptoms of mania. What is our best conclusion about her diagnosis? a) She started out with unipolar depression; now she has both unipolar and bipolar depression b) She had has bipolar disorder all this time, but it took a while for her to show the mania c) She never was depressive or manic -- she is obviously a meth-head d) She is clearly more depressive than she is manic -- this fits best with unipolar depression
b) She had has bipolar disorder all this time, but it took a while for her to show the mania
If an anorexic woman has lanugo, what has happened? a) She has developed double vision b) She has grown fine silky/ "baby" hair on her body c) She has lost her body hair d) Her menstrual cycle has become irregular
b) She has grown fine silky/ "baby" hair on her body
Steven recently retired after years of being a renowned band director. Since his retirement, he's not been interested in any activity that he used to enjoy, he feels lost and purposeless, he lost some weight, and he stays up most nights pondering his existence. His friends says he lost his "light" and "vibrancy". This has been going on for several months. The best description for Steven would be... a) Steven is going through a hypomanic episode b) Steven is going through a depressive episode c) Steven should be diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder d) Insufficient data is provided
b) Steven is going through a depressive episode
The most common mental disorders in the United States are the... a) personality disorders b) anxiety disorders c) mood disorders d) sexual disorders
b) anxiety disorders
People who clearly intend to end their lives but believe that death already started. a) death ignorer b) death initiator c) death darer d) death seeker
b) death initiator
A friend confides in you that he has been having repeated, unprovoked panic attacks and that he has been in the emergency room on several occasions thinking he was having a heart attack. He has been sent to a therapist but no one can explain to him why he is having these attacks. Your best explanation is... a) his breathing is not blowing off enough carbon dioxide, so his body feels like he is drowning b) he has a faulty suffocation alarm in his brainstem that occasionally sends out a false message that he is not breathing well enough and is in serious danger c) his heart is not getting enough oxygen for a moment, so it sends out an emergency message for more blood d) his brain is not getting enough oxygen, so it causes more adrenalin to be secreted to increase blood flow to the brain
b) he has a faulty suffocation alarm in his brainstem that occasionally sends out a false message that he is not breathing well enough and is in serious danger
All of the following are symptoms of mania EXCEPT... a) increased level of energy and elevated mood b) increase in the ability to make sound judgement and planning c) hyper-inflated self-esteem and sense of well-being d) increase in impulsivity
b) increase in the ability to make sound judgement and planning
If binge eating is followed by a period of strenuous and excessive exercise to compensate for food intake, the diagnosis is probably: a) purging-type bulimia nervosa b) non-purging type bulimia nervosa c) eating disorder not otherwise specified d) Binge-eating disorder
b) non-purging type bulimia nervosa
An unsuccessful attempt to commit suicide. a) suicide b) parasuicide c) aborted suicide attempt d) suicidal ideation e) suicidal intent
b) parasuicide
Which gender is more likely to be affected by depression? a) men b) women c) both men and women equally d) inconclusive. the ratio fluctuates throughout the years
b) women
Which of the following is at the highest risk of suicide (all other factors being equal)? a) an elderly, never married, poor black woman b) a young, Hispanic, married, middle class male c) A late, middle aged, divorced, upper white class male d) a young, white, married, pregnant, upper class white woman
c) A late, middle aged, divorced, upper white class male
Lyla has become afraid of being overweight. She has recently reduced her food intake although she feels hungry all the time. As a result, her weight has dropped sharply below normal, but she still believes she is overweight. Which disorder best describes Lyla? a) Carpenter's Syndrome b) Bulimia nervosa c) Anorexia nervosa d) Carbohydrate deprivation
c) Anorexia nervosa
Which of the following is the most compelling model to explain the cause of bipolar disorder? a) Cognitive b) Psychodynamic c) Biological d) Sociocultural
c) Biological
Why is a special diet needed when a patient is taking MAO inhibitors? a) These drugs cause rapid weight gain that can be harmful to one's death b) MAO inhibitors can cause your pancreas to go into shock and get to get Rapid Endocrine-killing Toxins (REkT) c) MAO inhibitors prevent the breakdown of tyramine (a chemical in certain foods), causing a hypertensive crisis d) Certain foods can cause serotonin syndrome
c) MAO inhibitors prevent the breakdown of tyramine (a chemical in certain foods), causing a hypertensive crisis
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expected to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. He would most likely be diagnosed with... a) a specific phobia b) post traumatic stress disorder c) a social anxiety disorder d) generalized anxiety disorder
c) a social anxiety disorder
Potentially self-injurious behavior with evidence (either explicit or implicit) that the person intended to die but stopped the attempt before physical damage occurred. a) suicide b) parasuicide c) aborted suicide attempt d) suicidal ideation e) suicidal intent
c) aborted suicidal attempt
People who are ambivalent about their intent to die even during the attempt. a) death ignorer b) death initiator c) death darer d) death seeker
c) death darer
One of the side effects of ECT is... a) mania b) hallucinations c) memory loss d) paranoia
c) memory loss
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for suicide? a) Gender b) Age c) Race/culture d) Access to firearms e) Socioeconomic status
d) Access to firearms
All of the following is true about treatment for bipolar disorder EXCEPT: a) Antidepressants can make things worse b) Psychotherapy has little success as primary treatment c) Mood stabilizers first line treatments for bipolar disorder d) Adjunctive psychotherapy has little success in reducing hospitalization
d) Adjunctive psychotherapy has little success in reducing hospitalization
Which of the following problems is common in anorexia nervosa? a) Increased Heart Rate b) High Blood Pressure c) Elevated body temperature d) Amenorrhea
d) Amenorrhea
What is the main reason not to prescribe antidepressants to patients with bipolar disorder? a) Actually, you should prescribe antidepressants because that keeps depressive episodes at bay b) They will experience SSRI intoxication c) Antidepressants will cause hallucinations and paranoia d) Antidepressants can trigger rapid cycling pattern and "switch" into mania
d) Antidepressants can trigger rapid cycling pattern and "switch" into mania
What model states that people are the sum total of their behaviors? a) Cognitive model b) Psychodynamic Model c) Biological model d) Behavioral model
d) Behavioral model
Which of these is a cognitive explanation for unipolar depression? a) Over or under-dependent relationships leave patients feeling unsafe or insecure at a time of loss b) Depression is due to loss of rewards or increases in punishments c) Poor quality of social supports d) Negative interpretation of their experiences, themselves, and their futures
d) Negative interpretation of their experiences, themselves, and their futures
Which of the following acts more quickly in treating unipolar depression? a) Behavioral therapy b) Drug therapy c) Cognitive therapy d) Psychodynamic therapy
d) Psychodynamic therapy
The following are all diagnostic criteria for illness anxiety disorder EXCEPT... a) preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness b) absent or mild severity of somatic symptoms c) excessive health-related checking/monitoring behaviors d) after a period of 2 months, symptoms actually develop and increase in severity
d) after a period of 2 months, symptoms actually develop and increase in severity
People who clearly intend to end their lives. a) death ignorer b) death initiator c) death darer d) death seeker
d) death seeker
Sarah is her grandmother's caregiver. One day, she brings her grandmother into the emergency room with bruises and a broken arm claiming that she fell. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms intentionally to bring her grandmother to the doctor's attention. If this assessment is true, Sarah would be considered to have... a) malingering disorder b) a conversion disorder c) factitious disorder d) factitious disorder by proxy
d) factitious disorder by proxy
The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is to: a) resolve unresolved oral conflicts b) correct family coping problems c) correct maladaptive thought patterns d) help the person start to regain their lost weight
d) help the person start to regain their lost weight
A cognitive approach to therapy can help a client... a) expose their unconscious and discover their real motives for behavior b) deal with depression, anxiety, or mood swings by taking psychotropic medications c) discover the meaning of their life and learn how to live in the "now" d) recognize overly negative thoughts, errors in logic, and biased interpretations
d) recognize overly negative thoughts, errors in logic, and biased interpretations
For people with bulimia nervosa, binge episodes are typically followed by feelings of: a) satisfaction b) control c) anxiety and mania d) shame and guilt
d) shame and guilt
Thoughts of serving as the agent of one's own death. May vary in seriousness depending on the specificity of suicide plans and the degree of suicidal intent. a) suicide b) parasuicide c) aborted suicide attempt d) suicidal ideation e) suicidal intent
d) suicidal ideation
A client who is talking calmly and rationally all of a sudden begins whining and complaining like a spoiled child. If that client suffers from true dissociative identity disorder, the client most likely just experienced... a) mood lability b) host transfer c) mutual cognizance d) switching
d) switching
Which of the following is NOT a protective factor in suicide? a) Pregnancy b) Children in the home c) Sense of responsibility to the family d) Religiosity (but only in the devout) e) Being hurt by a close relative's suicide
e) Being hurt by a close relative's suicide
Interpersonal psychotherapy deals with all of the following EXCEPT... a) Interpersonal loss b) Interpersonal role dispute c) Interpersonal role transition d) Interpersonal deficits e) Interpersonal correspondence
e) Interpersonal correspondence
Which of the following is true of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? a) it is one of the most helpful treatments for depression, even in treatment resistant patients b) patients must stay awake and mobile during the treatment c) ECT acts more quickly than antidepressant medication d) All of the above are correct e) Only a and c are correct
e) Only a and c are correct
Ulcers that are affected by stress and anxiety can be classified as... a) somatic symptom disorders b) psychophysiological disorder c) psychological factors affecting other medical conditions (DSM-5) d) All of the above are correct e) Only b and c are correct
e) Only b and c are correct
What are some of the things that make second generation antidepressants better than MAOI or tricyclics? a) Second generation antidepressants can improve mood rapidly, within a day or two b) It is harder to overdose c) They do not pose dietary problems of MAO inhibitors or make you constipated d) All of the above are correct e) Only b and c are correct
e) Only b and c are correct
The Social Adjustment Rating Scale, developed by Holmes and Rahe,... a) lists stressful social life events that people may encounter b) assigns numbers to each life event reflecting the severity of the stressor c) asks subjects to indicate all events encountered in the past year d) predicts risk for medical illness e) all of the above are correct
e) all of the above are correct
What is the single most important factor in overcoming anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and trauma-related disorder? a) benzodiazepine medications b) SSRI antidepressants c) correction of cognitive distortions d) improved coping skills e) exposure to the feared stimulus
e) exposure to the feared stimulus
What is the single most important factor in overcoming anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and trauma-related disorders? a) benzodiazepine medications b) SSRI antidepressants c) correction of cognitive distortions d) improved coping skills e) exposure to the feared stimulus
e) exposure to the feared stimulus
Subjective expectation and desire for a self-destructive act to end in death. a) suicide b) parasuicide c) aborted suicide attempt d) suicidal ideation e) suicidal intent
e) suicidal intent
