Academic QR regionals

The company named for this product was incorporated in 1892 after Asa Griggs Candler purchased its rights from the product's creator, Atlanta pharmacist John Stith Pemberton. Created in 1886, the product's name was chosen by Pemberton's bookkeeper who penned it in the iconic, flowing script that became the product's trademark. Name this American soft drink.

coca-cola

In ancient times, this monument was covered by canvas awnings called the vela, and sat atop a hypogeum [hip-uh-JEE-um]. Its exterior façade still includes most of the four levels and 240 arches it originally sported. Identify this site of prisoner executions, animal hunts, and gladiatorial combat in ancient Rome.

colosseum

Based on a true story, this musical takes place in Gander, Newfoundland and features real-life characters. The songs "Blankets and Bedding" and "Lead Us Out of the Night" recount the townspeople's efforts to house and comfort the seven thousand passengers stranded on the small Canadian island. Which 2017 musical revolves around the grounding of 38 planes during the terrorist attacks on September 11?

come from away

Referred to as "a final settlement" by President Millard Fillmore, this series of political agreements led to the formation of the territories of Utah and New Mexico, abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and admitted California to the Un Give the name for these agreements brokered by Senator Henry Clay.

compromise of 1850

Beer's law states that the absorbance is proportional to this quantity times path length. This quantity is directly proportional to the vapor pressure according to Henry's Law. This quantity times volume equals a constant according to the dilution equation. Molality and molarity are measures of what quantity, characterizing the amount of substance per unit volume of solution?

concentration

The first of this series of laws was passed on August 6, 1861, with the second passed on July 17, 1862. The laws provided emancipation to slaves in Union-occupied Southern states. Give the name of these acts signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln, viewed as a major precursor to the Emancipation Proclamation.

confiscation (acts)

Because tradition claims this sage was born on the 27th day of the eighth lunar month, September 28th is an official holiday in some parts of Asia. He advocated for universal education that could produce exemplary citizens, and supported humanistic governmental policies. Identify this philosopher, whose sayings are collected in the Analects.

confucius

Multiple answers required. Since 1922, these two political parties have represented either the governing party or the Official Opposition in their country, having succeeding their earlier forerunners, the Tory Party and the Liberal Party. As of July 2020, the two parties are led by Keir Starmer and Boris Johnson, respectively. Identify the two major political parties of the United Kingdom.

conservative and labor parties

He suggested that groups can either be classified as primary or secondary in his 1909 work, Social Organization. Name this American sociologist whose earlier work, Human Nature and the Social Order, introduced the concept of the "looking glass self."

cooley

The source of this pathogen is yet undetermined, but may have involved cross-species transmission from pangolins or bats. The virus known as SARS shares much of its scientific name with the virus that causes it. Identify this respiratory disease, which has been a global pandemic throughout most of 2020.

covid-19

The smectic and neutropic phases occur in liquid systems analogized to these systems. Bragg's law governs the diffraction of X-rays caused by these systems which are characterized by their long range order. Identify these highly periodic solids which are characterized by their repeating lattice structure.

crystals

In the second phase of this movement, artists incorporated traditionally non-art materials like newspapers into their work. The first iteration rejected perspective, letting background and foreground blend, and depicting subjects from multiple angles simultaneously. What was this early twentieth-century art style led by Léger [ley-ZHEY], Braque [BROCK], and Picasso?

cubism

Originating in the early 20th century, this art movement inspired later styles such as Futurism and Constructivism, and it included two different forms: synthetic and analytical. Famous artists in this movement include Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes [glez], and paintings best depicting this style include Houses at L'Estaque, Violin and Candlestick, and Guernica [g-WHERE-nik-UH]. What is this art movement in which subject matter is depicted in an abstract, geometric manner, pioneered by Georges Braque [brock] and Pablo Picasso?

cubism

One member of this family earned the moniker "Hamlet on the Hudson" while serving as Governor of his state from 1983 to 1994. In 2011, the family returned to the same office, when that politician's son was elected to his own first term as governor. Give the name of this family which includes CNN analyst Chris, and New York Governors Mario and Andrew.

cuomo

Examples of this theatrical component include legs, borders, travelers, and grand valances. British theaters are required to have a fire one, while scrim is a special type that can appear opaque or translucent under different lighting conditions. The grand drape is an example of what portion of a theater?

curtain

A branch of medical science sometimes imprecisely referred to by this name was founded by George Nicholas Papanicolaou. That pathology-focused variety of this science can be used to diagnose cancer and other forms of disease. Give this term for the study of cellular biology.

cytology

According to crystal field theory. these entities will split into T2G and EG classes in octahedral [ahk-tuh-HEE-drul] complexes, and these entities are responsible for the formation of delta bonds. There are five different types of these entities, and they have an azimuthal [az-uh-MUTH-ul] quantum number of two. 4s orbitals are surprisingly lower energy than these orbitals with n=3, and these orbitals can hold up to 10 electrons. Transition metals contain an unfilled type of what atomic orbital which falls between p and f?

d orbitals

This novella's narrator, Frederick Forsyth Winterbourne, is an American expatriate who meets the naïve title character. That young woman contracts malaria and dies after walking with Giovanelli at the Colosseum in Rome. Identify this Henry James work.

daisy miller

Name, not abbreviation, required. In amplifiers, the gain is often measured in terms of this unit. This unit is defined by the base-ten logarithm of the input power, and its name refers to the fact that it is one tenth the size of a now rarely used unit. Name this unit used to quantify the loudness of a sound, which is symbolized dB.

decibel

They were originally called "reducers" by August Thienemann and are also known as detritivores. These organisms include many bacteria and mushrooms. What is this term for organisms that rely upon breaking down nutrients in other organisms to get their energy?

decomposers

This artist completed his group portrait The Bellelli Family after numerous trips to Italy. He undertook a similar process of careful sketching to prepare for his painting A Cotton Office in New Orleans. Who depicted a group of ballerinas warming up in Foyer de la Danse [FWAH-yay duh luh DAHNS]?

degas

In ancient times, this Greek city was the site of the Nemean, Isthmian, Pythian, and Olympic games. It is still home to the ruins of a tholos, theater, and the Temple of Apollo. Name this city on Mount Parnassus, where a well-known oracle once made predictions.

delphi

The largest of these ecosystems takes up much of Antarctica. That continent tends to get less than ten inches of precipitation per year. What is this arid biome, examples of which include the Atacama and Sahara?

desert

This plot device occurs toward the end of Sophocles' play Philoctetes [fil-luck-TEE-teez]. It happens when a person appears or event transpires that unexpectedly solves a seemingly hopeless situation. Identify this favorite device of ancient Greek and Roman writers, whose name translates as "god from the machine."

deus ex machina

Their name literally means "cut in half." They are studied in phycology and are thought to produce as much as 50% of the world's oxygen production and make up as much as 50% of the ocean's biomass. Identify these algae that have been found extensively in fossil deposits.

diatoms

Characters in this opera include witches, sailors, and the handmaid Belinda. It is based on Book Four of an epic poem by Virgil. Give the title of this English-language opera by Baroque composer Henry Purcell [PUR-suhl].

dido and aeneas

This process and convection are governed by the same laws, leading some to refer to the heat equation after this phenomenon. The "flux" of this form of passive transport can be derived using Fick's Law. In what process do molecules move across the cell membrane from areas of higher to lower concentration?

diffusion

In a televised address on December 13, 2000, the vice-president of the United States said of this Supreme Court decision, "While I strongly disagree with the court's decision, I accept it." What Supreme Court case, decided one day earlier, awarded Florida's 25 electoral votes, and thus the presidency, to the vice-president's Republican challenger in the 2000 presidential election?

bush v gore

This musical genre shares its name with a sea nymph in Homer's Odyssey. The music was influenced by jazz, and features improvisational lyrics about current political or social issues. Identify this genre of Caribbean folk songs, which originated in Trinidad.

calypso

The gene p53 is highly related to the progression of these diseases. It is often a result of out of control cell proliferation. Identify this broad class of disease, often involving metastasized tumors.

cancer

In the Composite Order, this part of a column contains both volutes [vuh-LOOTZ] and carved acanthus [uh-KAN-thus] leaves. Give the word for the uppermost section of a column.

capital

Name, not symbol, required. Grignard [green-YARD] reagents are used to form bonds between two atoms of this element which are bonded in coupling reactions. The bond order between two atoms of this element can classify a substance as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. Identify this element, the most important element in organic chemistry, which appears bonded to hydrogen in compounds like methane.

carbon

The Grand Prismatic Spring at Yellowstone gains its distinctive colors due to the balance of these and chlorophyll in microorganisms. They can provide a source of Vitamin A in human and other animal diets, and give carrots their distinctive color. Identify this group of plant pigments, typically reds, oranges, and browns.

carotenoids

This man divided his poem "The Hunting of the Snark" into eight fits, including "The Beaver's Lesson" and "The Banker's Fate." In his two fantasy novels, a young girl climbs through a mirror and travels down a rabbit hole to reach magical lands. Give the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson.

carroll

Traditionally said to have been established by Phoenicians in 814 BC, this great Classical city was founded along the coast of modern day Tunisia. Roman tradition held that the city was founded by the Tyrian princess, Dido. What city of antiquity was ultimately destroyed following their loss to Rome in the Punic Wars?

carthage

At this meeting, held over eleven days in January 1943, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed to demand an "unconditional surrender" from the Axis powers. What was this important World War Two meeting, so named for the city in Morocco in which it was held?

casablanca conference

This play concludes with one character determined to make a lie she told "come true", the lie being that she is pregnant, in order to secure inheritance for her family. Gooper and Mae are also hoping to inherit the family fortune in this play, since it is revealed that the patriarch of the family is dying from cancer, while another one of the main characters is struggling to accept the suicide of his friend, Skipper. Identify this three-act play written by Tennessee Williams which focuses on the family of Big Daddy Pollitt, specifically his son and daughter-in-law, Brick and Maggie

cat on a hot tin roof

The saddleback variety of these animals have false face mimicry and have strong venomous stings. This term refers to the larval stages of animals from the order Lepidoptera. What are these animals that will eventually become moths or butterflies?

caterpillar(s)

Be specific. This man was the first Roman prose historian to write in his native language. His only complete work to survive to the present day is an agricultural treatise called "On the Cultivation of the Field." Identify this statesman and soldier remembered for uttering, "Carthage must be destroyed."

cato the elder

Lesser-known members of this literary group include Edmund Waller, Thomas Carew [kuh-ROO], and Sir John Suckling. Richard Lovelace, poet of "To Lucasta, Going to the Wars," and Robert Herrick also belonged to this group, which overlapped significantly with the Tribe of Ben. Identify this association named for their loyalty to King Charles the First.

cavalier poets

This instrument's nineteenth-century masters included Karl Davidov, who is the namesake of one of these instruments made by Stradivarius later played by Jacqueline du Pre [doo-PRAY], who recorded Edward Elgar's E minor concerto for it. This instrument is the lowest voice in a string quartet. Name this instrument, the Davidov Stradivarius version of which is played by Yo-Yo Ma.

cello

Name, not abbreviation, required. The wave numbers in infrared spectroscopy [speck-TROS-kuh-pee] are expressed in terms of the inverse of this unit. A spectral line that results from a hyperfine transition in hydrogen is named for 21 of these units. Most calibrations of spectrophotometry [speck-troh-fuh-tah-MUH-tree] for lab experiments use cuvettes whose length is on the order of this unit. Name this unit which is named for being one one-hundredth of a meter.

centimeter

The name of this beverage derives from Turkish, Russian, Persian, Hindi, and Urdu, which all ultimately come from the Chinese word for "tea." What kind of drink consists of tea made with milk, cardamom, other spices, and a sweetener?

chai

Full accepted name please. He was a former commandant at a military academy and led Chinese forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Named Commander in Chief of the National Revolutionary Army after the death of Sun Yat-Sen, he led the Northern Expedition to unify China and to reclaim territory under the control of warlords. Who is this Chinese leader who was defeated by Communist forces under Mao Zedong and who retreated to Taiwan with the rest of the Nationalist government

chaing kai-shek

It is created by burning wood in the absence of oxygen, and it is an impure form of graphite. It is often used for sketching and for creating a painting's underdrawing. Which artistic medium produces black lines that are easily smudged?

charcoal

Researchers have tried to use this type of reaction to reduce symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and heart disease. However, the FDA has approved it only for treating poisoning by such metals as lead, mercury, and arsenic. In nature the porphyrin [WR-fuh-rin] rings in hemoglobin and chlorophyll are involved in this reaction. In what reaction do organic compounds create multiple, separate coordinate bonds with a single metal ion?

chelation

Two-word answer required. The behavior of chemicals in this situation is modeled by the law of mass action. Le Châtelier's [luh SHAHT-ul-yays] principle identifies how systems in this situation respond to changes in environment. Identify this situation symbolized with double arrows in chemical equations in which the reactant and product concentrations do not change.

chemical equilibrium

Their method of locomotion relies upon many appendages, in contrast to protozoans like the dinoflagellates. They are part of the paraphyletic grouping of protists. What are these microorganisms named for their small appendages used for mobility?

ciliates

To prepare for this religious festival, the floors of homes are decorated with rangoli patterns, and the Hindu goddess of prosperity, Lakshmi, is offered puja, or worship. Many people observe this holiday to commemorate the return of King Rama and his bride, Sita, to Ayodhya after their exile, and they celebrate by sharing sweets called mithai [me-TIE] and lighting fireworks and clay lamps called diyas. What is this important holiday celebrated in Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism that consists of the festival of lights?

diwali

This Latin root means "teach." Name this root, which appears in "document," "indoctrinate," and "doctor."

doc

This novel's title character rechristens Aldonza Lorenzo with the more romantic name Dulcinea del Toboso [dool-see-NAY-ah del toh-BOH-soh]. Alonso Quijano [kee-HA-noh] dons an old suit of armor, and uses his overactive imagination to transform windmills into giants to battle. Name this picaresque novel about Sancho Panza's deluded friend, written by Miguel de Cervantes.

don quixote

Signed into law by President Bill Clinton, this U.S. policy went into effect on October 1, 1993 and stood for more than 18 years, before it was repealed during the Barack Obama administration, officially ending on September 20, 2011. Give the name of the controversial policy that prevented U.S. service members from discussing, or being questioned about, their sexual orientation.

don't ask don't tell

This neurotransmitter is thought to relate to the personality trait of Extraversion and to cognitive ability. It is more associated with anticipatory, rather than consummatory reward, in contrast with endogenous opioids. What is this neurotransmitter involved in motivation and reward?

dopamine

Taking place over the course of 25 years, this play features the character Boolie, a Jewish man living in Atlanta who cares for his aging mother, a retired schoolteacher. After she crashes her car, an African-American chauffeur is hired to assist her, the two growing close over time, and when she is eventually placed in a nursing home, she tells him that he is her best friend. Identify this play by Alfred Uhry that was adapted into an Academy Award winning film, starring Morgan Freeman as Hoke Colburn and Jessica Tandy as the title character.

driving miss daisy

This phylum was associated with a now invalid division of the animal kingdom known as the Radiata [ray-dee-AH-tuh]. Organisms in this phylum were used by the Greeks and Romans as food and for medicinal purposes. During the Middle Ages they were objects of superstition. Name this phylum that includes sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sea stars characterized by a hard, spiny skin.

echinodermata (echinoderms)

These systems go through processes such as disturbance and succession, and include a community along with nonliving components in a given area. Give this term for the collective biotic and abiotic components of a specific environment.

ecosystems

One work in this medieval genre summarizes Odin's wisdom and tells how a giant steals Thor's hammer. Another explains literary devices used in skalds [SKAHLDZ], and recounts the Norse belief in Ragnarok [RAG-nuh-rock], the gods' doom. Name these elder and younger, or poetic and prose, works compiled by Icelandic writer Snorri Sturluson [STUR-luh-suhn].

edda(s)

The voltage across an inductor is proportional to the time derivative of this quantity. The magnetic force between two wires is proportional to the product of two values of this quantity. The power radiated by a resistor is given by the square of this quantity times resistance. Identify this quantity measured in amperes which describes the speed at which charge flows through a circuit.

electric current

This force is mediated through the photon and governed by QED. Give the term for this fundamental force, responsible for the production of both electricity and magnets.

electromagnetic force

Alvar Cawén [CAW-when] was a Finnish leader of this artistic movement, and the German artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner also contributed to this movement with his creation of the Die Brücke [de-BROOK] group. The Blue Rider group of artists, including August Macke [MOCK-uh] and Franz Marc, was fundamental to the establishment of this movement. Perhaps its most famous artist created a piece featuring orange and blue curved lines with a panicked central figure. Identify this art movement which includes the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, characterized by its emotionally charged images and colorful distortion.

expressionism

Examples of volcanoes of this type include Mount Kulal, Kohala, and Edinburgh Castle. Many inactive volcanoes are actually dormant rather than being accurately described as this. Give this term for volcanoes that are no longer active, which can also be used to refer to species that are no longer alive on Earth.

extinct

Robert Mulliken defined this quantity using the mean of the electron affinity and first ionization energy. The polarity of a bond is given by the difference in this quantity for the constituent atoms. This quantity trends highest toward the top-right of the periodic table, and fluorine has the highest value for it. Identify this quantity which describes how likely an atom is to attract electrons.

electronegativity

One layer of this structure known as the glycocalyx is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion and recognition. It is made up of various polysaccharides and both selectins and integrins play an important role in this structure. Identify this term for the structural elements connecting cells to one another.

extracellular(matrix)

Be specific. The musical key's equivalent is D minor. One flat is the key signature of what scale?

f major

Modern world leaders to hold this title, meaning "commander" or "prince", include Sabah Al-Sabah [suh-BAH al suh-BAH] of Kuwait, and Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani [tuh-MEEM bin huh-MAHD al TAH-NEE] of Qatar [kuh-tahr]. What is this Islamic military title that has been adopted by the rulers of several central Asian states or countries such as Bukhara and Afghanistan?

emir

This ballet was commissioned by the American Ballet Theatre and premiered in 1948, and its composer, Morton Gould, worked closely with its choreographer to create an unexpected ending that does not abide by history. Although it does not show any violence on stage, this ballet depicts the main character's anger towards her father and stepmother, leading to their axe murders. Identify this ballet created by Agnes de Mille that recounts the story of Lizzie Borden.

fall river legend

In the Baroque Era, this type of composition often preceded a fugue. It has no set form, allowing the composer's imagination free rein. What type of composition shares its name with a 1940 Disney film in which Mickey plays the Sorcerer's Apprentice?

fantasia

This 20th century art movement emphasized bright, unnatural colors and broad brushstrokes. It was founded by Andre Derain, and famous works from this period include "Woman with a Hat" and "Charing Cross Bridge." Which movement, French for "Wild Beasts," was headed by Henri Matisse?

fauvism

This type of didactic theater evolved from pre-Expressionist and Expressionist theater in early 20th-century Germany. It used episodic scenes and various so-called "distancing" effects to engage the audience intellectually, but not emotionally. What was this style associated with Bertolt Brecht [BEAR-tawlt BREKT]?

epic (theater)

This native of Samos founded The Garden, a school he situated halfway between the Stoa and the Academy. His eponymous paradox questions whether a world containing evil could exist if a benevolent, omniscient, and omnipotent deity also exists. Give the name of this ancient Greek thinker, who taught that happiness derives from the absence of mental disturbance and physical pain.

epicurus

This 2013 Pulitzer prize-winning drama centers around a dinner party involving a Muslim, a Jew, an African American, and a WASP. In it, lawyer Amir Kapoor defends an imam accused of terrorism, leading to questions of religious faith and prejudice. Which play, by Ayad Akhtar, explores Muslim-American identity after 9/11?

disgraced

The name for this period of American history was coined by the Columbian Centinel on July 12, 1817 following a visit to Boston by President James Monroe. Give the name for the period from 1815 to 1825, a name that reflected the positive, unified mood felt by Americans in the wake of the War of 1812.

era of good feelings

On March 10, 1919 the Supreme Court held this law, passed on June 15, 1917, to be constitutional. The court also held in that case that the punishment sentenced to frequent presidential candidate Eugene Debs for violating the law should be upheld. Give the name of this law which was passed, in large part, to prevent interference with American military recruitment efforts during the early stages of World War One.

espionage act

Peyton Randolph served as the first president and presiding officer of this meeting, held from September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia. What was this meeting of colonial delegates, responsible for the Petition to the King, which called for a repeal of the Intolerable Acts?

first continental congress

The basal body of this structure is surrounded by rings denoted L, P, and MS, in some bacteria. Its primary components are made up of microtubules in a "9 plus 2" arrangement. What locomotive organelle commonly found in bacteria and primitive eukaryotes [yoo-KAR-ee-oats], as well as animal gametes, is a whip-like structure?

flagellum

The Hollywood style of this set component is rigid and made from either plywood or luan. The Broadway type requires muslin or canvas to be stretched over a thin wooden frame. What is the name for this portable piece of scenery?

flat

Multiple answers required. These two dancers began their partnership when one of them left the Kirov Ballet in St. Petersburg to join the Royal Ballet in London, and they first achieved fame together in Giselle. Together, they performed Les Sylphides and classics such as The Sleeping Beauty and Swan Lake, and in 1963, they danced in a ballet created specifically for them by Sir Frederick Ashton. Identify this English ballerina and Russian dancer and choreographer duo, best known for their performance as the title characters in Marguerite and Armand.

fonteyn and nureyev

These amoeboid organisms are known for their combination of an external shell and ectoplasm. What are these hole boring protists?

foram(s)

This man directed the Best Documentary Academy Award winners December 7th: The Movie and The Battle of Midway. He won a further four Oscars for directing The Informer, How Green Was My Valley, The Quiet Man, and The Grapes of Wrath. Identify this director of many John Wayne westerns, including The Searchers and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.

ford

Perhaps the most famous example of this illusionistic painting technique occurs in Mantegna's [mahn-TE-nyahz] The Lamentation over the Dead Christ. It uses the rules of perspective--specifically, linear perspective--to distort or reduce the parts of an object that aren't parallel to the picture plane. Give the word for this technique of replicating three-dimensional volume in a two-dimensional artwork.

foreshortening

This type of painting predominated from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries, but fell out of favor after oil paint's invention. Fra Angelico's The Annunciation, Giotto's Lamentation, and Michelangelo's The Last Judgment are all examples. In what type of wall or ceiling painting does water-based pigment fuse with wet plaster?

fresco

Identify the following sentence's verb tense: On the 26th, I will have been training for six months.

future perfect progressive

Founded by an Iowa-born statistician in 1958, this organization has expanded into business and marketing research since being acquired by Selection Research, Incorporated in 1988. Give the name of the organization that remains best known for its public opinion polls concerning economic and political matters, notably major American elections.

gallup (organization)

Scholars disagree on whether this series of satirical works encompasses four or five novels. In one of those books, Panurge [pan-URJ] accompanies his friend to the Oracle of the Holy Bottle in Cathay. What is the collective title of this humanist work about father-and-son giants, by Rabelais [rab-uh-LEY]?

gargantua and pantagruel

This psychological term derives from the title of a 1938 British stage play by Patrick Hamilton in which the character Bella Manningham is slowly convinced by her husband that she is going insane. What term refers to this form of psychological manipulation in which a victim's ability to separate truth and fiction is gradually impaired by a deceiver?

gaslighting

In 2016, both this architect and Maya Lin received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. This man, who played himself on a Simpsons episode in which he wadded up a piece of paper to design a concert hall, was forced to redesign and scuff an actual Los Angeles concert hall after it heated up the surrounding area to dangerous levels. Name this architect of Disney Hall, who also built Prague's Dancing House.

gehry

Believed to be some 2,200 years old, it rises 275 feet above the grounds of the Giant Forest within Sequoia National Park. Give the name of this massive tree, often referred to as the largest living thing on Earth.

general sherman (tree)

One figure in this book of the Bible asks the question, "Am I my brother's keeper?" Another figure in this book, who becomes the Pharaoh's dream interpreter after being sold into slavery, is the favorite son of a man who impersonated his brother Esau to gain Isaac's blessing. The stories of Cain and Abel, Joseph, and Jacob all appear in what book that itself begins "In the beginning"?

genesis

This word can follow "partheno-" [PAR-thuh-noh] in the name of a process by which an egg develops without fertilization. It derives from the Greek for "origin" or "source." What is this word, which is also the name of the first book in the Bible?

genesis

The constellation Camelopardalis shares it name with the scientific species name of this mammal, which is not a camel. The closest living relative of this African artiodactyl is the okapi. What are these animals with an average adult height of 16 feet, making them the tallest animals on land?

giraffe

Broadly speaking, these anatomical structures are groups of cells that secrete substances. Exocrine ones secrete products by way of ducts, onto bodily surfaces. What are these bodily structures, which include the organs of the endocrine system

gland(s)

This color has wavelengths of 495 to 570 nanometers and is a primary color sensed by human cones, in addition to blue and red. This term has been used to describe a certain "New Deal" proposed by legislators such as Alexandria Ocasio Cortez. What is this term used to describe a variety of sustainability efforts, which also refers to the color of chlorophyll and of many plants?

green

In the Middle Ages, it was sung unaccompanied. They are used today to supplement parts of the Mass, and examples include The Agnus Dei, The Gloria and The Kyrie. Name the plainsongs of the Roman Catholic church that rose to prominence with the reign of Pope Gregory the first.

gregorian chant

An invasion of this country, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, began on October 25, 1983. The invasion, prompted by the execution of the nation's Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, was led by the United States, supported by a coalition of nearby Caribbean islands. Name the island nation whose capital is St. George's.

grenada

As particles that are not fundamental, they are composite particles made up of quarks. The world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator is named for these. Give the term for this type of particle, contrasted with leptons and gauge bosons.

hadron

In a case involving this business, the Supreme Court declared that Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was constitutional. The owner of the business claimed that the act violated his right to due process and subjected him to involuntary servitude. The owner of what hotel in Georgia also claimed the act was an invalid Congressional use of its power to regulate interstate commerce?

heart of atlanta

This novella's characters include the Chief Accountant, the General Manager, and the Brickmaker. In it, Marlow encounters Kurtz, whose dying words are, "The horror! The horror!" What is this Joseph Conrad novella?

heart of darkness

Superchargers and turbochargers can be used to increase the power of these systems. Sadi Carnot [sah-DEE car-NOH] names a theoretical example of these entities which maximizes their efficiency. Adiabatic [ay-die-uh-BAT-ick] steps occur between phases of constant pressure heating and constant volume cooling in one of these systems named f Identify these thermodynamic systems which convert heat into mechanical work, exemplified by the internal combustion type of these systems used in cars.

heat engines

Despite having already passed the termination shock, the Voyager probes have not yet passed the bow shock, which marks the outer boundary of this zone. It refers to a bubble-like region made by the sun, which is characterized by the presence of plasma generated by the sun. Give this term for the area of the solar system under the sun's direct influence, which ends at the interstellar medium.

heliosphere

Without this kind of verb, progressive and perfect tenses aren't possible. Examples include "could," "might," "does," and "have"--all forms of "be." What kind of verb aids an action verb?

helping

Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it binds much more readily to this protein than its intended substrate. A point mutation from glutamine [GLOO-tuh-meen] to valine in this protein causes sickle cell anemia. This protein consists of four porphyrin [PAWR-fuh-rin] rings surrounding an iron atom. Red blood cells get their color from what protein that carries oxygen through the body?

hemoglobin

In this location, Danish warriors drink, listen to bards' songs, and receive gifts from Hrothgar [ROTH-gar]. Noise from it angers Grendel, who attacks its inhabitants until a Geatish hero intervenes. Name this mead hall from Beowulf.

heorot

The modern-day resort town of Ercolano is built upon the lava stream that covered this ancient city in 79AD. Name this city which was destroyed by Mount Vesuvius, along with nearby Pompeii.

herculaneum

Its namesake was awarded the 2010 Sakurai Prize and the journey to its discovery involved the creation of the Large Hadron Collider. Unlike the Z and W varieties, this particle is a fundamental scalar rather than a gauge. What is this so called god particle, which is thought to give matter mass?

higgs boson

This four word phrase was used as the title of a book published in 2002 by Ann Coulter, and a 2019 release by author Frank O. Bowman the Third, each covering the impeachment trials of Presidents Bill Clinton and Donald Trump respectively. What phrase, mentioned in Section 4, Article Two of the U.S. Constitution, provides two reasons a president or vice president can be removed from office?

high crimes and misdemeanors

Known by this current name since 1976, this South Asian city was capital of France's Cochinchina [KOH-chin-CHAHY-nuh] protectorate from 1862 to 1954, and then until 1975, served as the capital of South Vietnam. Give the name of the Vietnamese city once known as Saigon [sahy-GON].

ho chi minh city (hcmc)

This holiday falls on a full moon, or purnima [poor-NEE-muh], during the month of Phalguna [fall-GOON-uh], and in some regions, it can be celebrated by breaking a pot of buttermilk. It honors a legend in which a prince, Prahlad [pra-ha-LAD], miraculously survived a burning pyre, though it also celebrates Krishna's pranks on Radha in which he would cover him in various dyes. What is this Hindu "festival of colors" that signifies the arrival of spring?

holi

This taxon is believed to have split from Australopithecus, which had, itself, previously split with the genus Pan. Examples of these that now have DNA seemingly integrated into the modern human genome include the Neanderthals and Denisovans. Give this genus that includes humans and our closest, now extinct, ancestors.

homo

For an isotropic material this statement is written in terms of the bulk and shear moduli and a tensor named for Cauchy [koh-SHEE]. The stress is given by Young's modulus times the strain according to one form of this statement. Name this law which states that the force delivered by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement.

hooke's law

The Greek root "hippo" is part of the words "hippocampus" and "hippopotamus." In English, it translates as the name of what animal?

horse

In a certain mythology, the goddess Laka presides over this dance form. It may be traditional--kahiko [ka-HEE-koh]--or contemporary--'auana [AH-oo-AH-nah]--and today is more entertainment than sacred ritual. Give the name of this Hawaiian dance.

hula

This compound is currently the most popular chemical used to pickle steel. This compound mixes with nitric acid in a solution that can notably dissolve gold called aqua regia. Name this acid, the primary component of stomach acid, with formula HCl.

hydrochloric acid

Alpha helices [HEL-uh-seez] and beta pleated sheets obtain their shapes due to these phenomena. These phenomena form between adenine [AD-uh-neen] and thymine [THIGH-meen] and between cysteine [SIS-teen] and guanine [GWAH-neen] to create DNA's double helix shape. The low vapor pressure and high boiling points of water and ammonia can be explained by what class of strong intermolecular forces, named for the lightest element?

hydrogen bonds

This region of the brain aids in the regulation of body temperature, determines wakefulness and sleep, and regulates the feeling of thirst. Controlling many functions of the autonomic nervous system, this region of the brain also produces many neurotransmitters like dopamine. What region of the brain lies below the thalamus and controls most of the functions of the pituitary gland

hypothalamus

This metrical foot appears multiple times in the Christopher Marlowe poetic line, "Come live with me and be my love." Which foot consists of two syllables--a short one followed by a long one?

iamb

Followers of this movement left France in 1848 for the United States, where they purchased the settlement of Nauvoo from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, establishing there their first permanent colony. Members aimed to build a socialistic utopian society based on shared responsibilities in their community. What was this movement founded by its leader, Etienne Cabet [ey-TYEN ka-be]?

icarian(s/ism)

Davis Guggenheim directed this Best Documentary Oscar winner, which also won Melissa Etheridge the Best Original Song award. It consists of a former vice president's multimedia presentation warning listeners about the disastrous consequences of global warming. Give the title of this documentary starring Al Gore.

(An) Inconvenient truth

An acclaimed diplomat, this British politician played an important role in the creation of the Suez Canal when French funding began to fade. He also wrote novels like Coningsby, Endymion, and Vivian Grey. Who was this only two-time British Prime Minister, that was preceded by William Gladstone once, and succeeded by him twice?

(Benjamin) disraeli

This poet celebrated his native state in "Joliet" and "Illinois Farmer," two poems in his Pulitzerwinning volume Cornhuskers. Works first published in Smoke and Steel; The People, Yes; and Good Morning, America were re-issued in the Pulitzer-winning Complete Poems. Who wrote the lines, "Hog Butcher for the World, / Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat..."?

(Carl) Sandburg

His best-known theory was likened to a "universal acid" by Daniel Dennett, in a book about his "Dangerous Idea." His work published in 1859 has the alternative title The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Identify the scientist who wrote On the Origin of Species, and developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

(Charles) Darwin

This poet, whose work was translated into English by Langston Hughes, revealed maternal tendencies in Tenderness and Destruction. Besides serving as a teacher, professor, and diplomat, this author published Desolation and Sonnets of Death, inspired by her fiance's suicide. Who was the first Latin American woman to earn the Nobel Prize in Literature?

(Gabriela) mistral

Genes involved in this phenomenon are quantified using the LOD [lodd] score method of estimating distances. The existence of this genetic phenomenon, discovered by Punnett and Bateson, disproves Mendel's law of independent assortment. Identify this tendency of alleles that are physically near each other on a chromosome to be inherited together.

(Genetic) Linkage

A branch of the Plantagenets [plan-TAJ-uh-nits], this royal house provided three kings of England, all with the same name. The first ousted Richard the Second, taking the throne as Henry the Fourth. What royal house ultimately lost the Wars of the Roses?

(House of) Lancaster or Lancastrians

He is the only Nobel Laureate in Literature who wrote primarily in Yiddish. He collected his short stories in Gimpel the Fool and The Spinoza of Market Street, and published Satan in Goray shortly before emigrating to the U.S. Who was this Polish-born Jewish author of The Magician of Lublin and The Family Moskat?

(Isaac Bashevis) Singer

After serving in the Union Army, he wrote for a German paper in St. Louis, and helped found the Liberal Republican Party. He owned The St. Louis Post-Dispatch and The New York World, buying the latter in 1883. Name this Hungarian immigrant who left funds for writing prizes named after him.

(Joseph) Pulitzer

At twenty-eight, this playwright became the youngest person--and first African-American--to win the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Play. The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window was less popular than the story of Lena, Ruth, Beneatha, and Walter Lee Younger. Which dramatist was responsible for A Raisin in the Sun?

(Lorraine) Hansberry

This author, who lived and died in South Berwick, published A Country Doctor and The Tory Lover almost two decades apart. She collected her short stories in Deephaven, as well as in a volume about a coastal fishing village. Identify the Maine native remembered for The Country of the Pointed Firs

(Sarah Orne) Jewett

A statement named for him says that the product of the standard deviations of two variables is greater than or equal to h-bar over two. That statement suggests that we cannot know both of certain particle properties with complete certainty. Who is this scientist, known for a namesake uncertainty principle?

(Werner) Heisenberg

At age thirteen, this future poet wrote a satire of Thomas Jefferson called The Embargo. A poem this man wrote at age 17 was published in England. Name the poet of "To a Waterfowl" and "Thanatopsis" [than-uh-TOP-sis].

(William cullen) bryant

This poet, whose In Memoriam elegized his friend Arthur Hallam, published "Locksley Hall" and "Ulysses" in 1842. The Odyssey inspired his poem "The Lotos-eaters," while Arthurian legend influenced "The Lady of Shalott." Who, as Britain's poet laureate, penned "The Charge of the Light Brigade"?

(alfred, lord) tennyson

This member of Antwerp's Guild of Saint Luke relinquished his own studio to become chief assistant to Peter Paul Rubens. He illustrated Judas's betrayal of Jesus in The Taking of Christ, and portrayed another biblical betrayal in Samson and Delilah. Who created the group portrait titled The Three Eldest Children of Charles the First?

(anthony) van dyck

Recognized as a child prodigy, this dancer caught the attention of Broadway masters with his appearance in the film Kiss Me Kate, after which he transitioned into the world of musical theater and choreographed dances for his wife, such as New Girl in Town. His characteristic choreography included turned-in feet and jazz hands, and he achieved fame with his directorial endeavors as well, such as All That Jazz and Sweet Charity. Name this American choreographer involved in musical theater, responsible for Cabaret, Damn Yankees, and The Pajama Game

(bob) fosse

This author of Blood Meridian won a National Book Award for his novel All the Pretty Horses. He later earned a Pulitzer Prize for a post-apocalyptic novel whose protagonists are Man and Boy. Name the writer of The Road.

(cormac) mccarthy

This man, whose first significant composition was The Song of Complaint, turned to conducting after failing to win a prize at the Vienna Conservatory. He was the Vienna Court Opera's artistic director and, later, the Metropolitan Opera's principal conductor. Name this man, whose Eighth Symphony was nicknamed the "Symphony of a Thousand."

(gustav) mahler

This screenwriter of The French Lieutenant's Woman acted professionally for a time under the name David Baron. After writing his first play, The Room, he created The Birthday Party and The Dumb Waiter. Name this Nobel laureate in literature, who also wrote The Homecoming and The Caretaker.

(harold) pinter

This member of literature's Oxford Group collaborated with Louis MacNeice on Letters from Iceland and Christopher Isherwood on Journey to a War. Among his best-known individual poems are "In Memory of W. B. Yeats," "September 1, 1939," and "Funeral Blues." Who won a Pulitzer Prize for his long poem The Age of Anxiety?

(wystan) auden

Beginning its spread during the rule of Sargon, this extinct language replaced Sumerian as the spoken language of Southern Mesopotamia before itself fading in favor of Aramaic [ar-uh-MEY-ik]. Give the name for this Semitic language spoken in Mesopotamia from the third to first millennium BC.

Akkadian

These compounds can have gauche and eclipsed conformational isomers, which can be visualized using Newman projections. They will not be formed when reducing an alkyne once, but will be by reducing a carbon-carbon triple bond completely on palladium. Name the simple hydrocarbons that have carbon-carbon single bonds.

Alkanes (Paraffins)

You use this literary device when you say, "I don't trust this quixotic [kwik-ZOT-ik] idea," because that adjective comes from the name of Don Quixote [kee-HO-tay]. In Doctor Faustus, Marlowe uses it when the title character scales Mount Olympus, the gods' home in Greek mythology. Identify the literary device in which a work makes an indirect or brief reference to a political, historical, cultural, or literary work.

Allusion

This six-part poem was the first long work its author wrote after converting to Anglicanism. It is named for the first day of Lent. What is this examination of the movement from despair to salvation, written by T. S. Eliot?

Ash wednesday

After a successful but violent conquest of the Kalinga [kah-LING-uh] territory, he adopted a policy of "conquest by dharma", using so-called rock edicts to spread the policy, as well as Buddhist philosophy, across India. Identify this influential emperor of the Mauryan [MOUR-ee-uh] dynasty.

Ashoka (the great)

Rivers of this continent include the Ob, the Amu Darya [ AH-moo DAR-ee-uh] and the Mekong. Its mountain ranges include the Kunlun [KOON-loon], the Altay and the Zagros [ZAH-grohss] What is this continent, home more than half of the world's people?

Asia

This dance style relies on lifts, drops, shimmies, twists, circles, figure eights, and undulations. Historians agree that it originated in Africa, although it is now associated with the Middle East. What is this dance style that emphasizes the hands, arms, and especially torso?

Belly dance

Roche lobe overflow in these celestial systems can lead to mass transfer. Examples include Algol, Mizar [MY-zar], and Sirius. In what type of star system do two solar bodies orbit each other at the center of a solar system?

Binary

This novel, whose first and last chapters are "Perhaps an Accident" and "Perhaps an Intention," recounts a tragic event from July 20, 1714. Brother Juniper explores why each of the five people had to die when an Incan rope bridge collapsed. Name this Pulitzer-winning Thornton Wilder novel.

Bridge of san luis rey

Multiple answer required. A 1629 charter granted to the Massachusetts Bay Company established the area between these two rivers as the land authorized for the company to colonize. Identity these two rivers, one the longest river found in Massachusetts, the other the body of water on which the Massachusetts cities of Lowell, Lawrence, and Haverhill, as well as the capital of Concord, New Hampshire, lie.

Charles (river), Merrimack (River)

Multiple answers required. In an 1837 Supreme Court case involving these two parties, the court held that rights granted by a charter cannot be inferred, and instead, must be specifically stated. The case involved separate charters issued to these two companies for construction projects linking Charlestown and Boston. Identify the two bridges at the center of this case.

Charles river bridge company, warren bridge company

This member of the Bloomsbury Group wrote four of his five novels, including Where Angels Fear to Tread, in a five-year time span. He is better remembered for Victorian classics like Howards End and A Room with a View. Identify the creator of Adela Quested and Dr. Aziz in A Passage to India.

E M Forster

Techniques for detecting these objects include the radial velocity and transit photometry methods. The Gliese [GLEE-zuh] 581 system is being investigated because it may contain habitable examples of these. Identify these planets that have been the primary focus of the Kepler Space Telescope, and orbit stars outside of our own solar system.

Exoplanets

In fluid mechanics, the material derivative involves the dot product of this quantity with the gradient, and the divergence of this quantity equals zero for incompressible fluids. The Reynolds number is defined as this quantity times a characteristic length divided by the kinematic viscosity. The Mach number characterizes what quantity for fluids which is measured in meters per second?

Flow velocity

For the halogens, this is not the phase of matter for iodine or bromine at room temperature, but it is the phase of matter for fluorine and chlorine. It is formed by the sublimation of a solid, and returns to solid phase by way of deposition. Name this phase of matter which does not have definite shape or volume.

Gas

The Bjorken [BYORK-en] process results in the creation of a muon [MEW-on]and one of these particles. Its discovery took place at the Large Hadron [HAD-ron] Collider and completed the Standard Model. Identify this so-called "god particle."

Higgs Boson

A class of particles named after a physicist from this country have integer values for their spin. Another physicist from this country names the gravitational limit on the mass of a white dwarf. Gluons and the Higgs particle are examples of particles named after a physicist from this country. Identify this home country of the physicists Satyendra Nath Bose and Subramanyan Chandrasekhar [chun-druh-SHAY-ker].

India

Among this composer's orchestral works are The Five Sacred Trees, Liberty Fanfare, and American Journey. He has scored hundreds of films, including Born on the Fourth of July, The Towering Inferno, Hook, and Home Alone. Identify this composer known for his long association with Steven Spielberg, and also for scoring most of the Star Wars franchise.

John Williams

Jayavarman [jay-uh-VAR-man] the Second founded this kingdom in the late eighth and early ninth centuries. His greatest achievement was to create a nationally oriented, confident kingdom. What kingdom did Jayavarman found in what is now Cambodia?

Khmer

This novel's title character is Oliver Mellors, a coal miner's son who works as the gamekeeper at Wragby Park. He has an affair with Constance, whose aristocratic husband Clifford refuses to divorce her. What is this D. H. Lawrence novel?

Lady Chatterly's Lover

A civil engineer by trade, this South American political figure spent eight years as the Mayor of Buenos Aires, until he won the national election and became president in December 2015. Who is this President of Argentina, that Time magazine called the Most Powerful President in Latin America in April of 2016?

Macri

It has the chemical formula C21 H29 N7 O14 P2. It is an electron carrier and often plays a role with FAD [F-A-D]. What is this important cofactor that plays roles in a variety of cellular metabolic processes?

N A D H

In addition to bryophytes, this group is sometimes considered to include algae. These plants do not have a cambium, and include the liverworts and mosses. What plants lack xylem and phloem?

Non-vascular (plants)

Chapters 8 through 17 of this book deal with various taxes, such as those on raw produce, gold, profits, and wages. Chapter 25 discusses colonial trade, while Chapter 28 looks at the comparative value of gold, corn, and labor. What 1817 book about political economics was written by David Ricardo?

On the principles of political economy and taxation

These genetic variants can be understood using Plink MAP files. They can be used to compute polygenic scores for individuals and are characterized by variants that occur in at least one percent of the population. What is this type of genetic variant, characterized by the variation of a single base pair?

SNPS (snips)

A tributary of the Musselshell River named after this woman is located in Montana. She received this honor because in an accident, she once saved the private documents of the leaders of the expedition for which she was serving as a guide. Who was this Shoshone [show-SHOW-nee] woman that helped the Lewis and Clark expedition as they travelled throughout the Louisiana Purchase

Sacagawea

In 2014 architect Jordi Fauli announced that work on this building had progressed to using 3D printing to model its Christ, Mary, and Evangelist spires. This building, whose designer claimed his client was "not in a hurry," is scheduled to be completed in 2026, over 100 years after work was first started. Name this church in Barcelona designed by Antoni Gaudi

Sagrada familia

In this case the state's Supreme Court fined the person one hundred dollars. The defense cross-examined a literal biblical interpretation in this showdown between Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan. Which case prosecuted a Tennessee man who taught evolution?

Scopes monkey trial

This form of energy is facilitated through PV modules that are typically made of silicon cells. Dyson spheres would technically be massive harvesters of this form of energy. What is this term for renewable energy harnessed directly from the sun?

Solar energy

This dance premiered in 1953 and is set to the musical piece For Magnetic Tape by Christian Wolff, and it took months to create in order to emphasize the individualism of the dancers. Its choreographer used detailed charts in order to completely randomize all aspects of the performance, including direction and duration of movements and the number of dancers on stage at a time. Name this dance choreographed by Merce Cunningham, the title of which exemplifies its methods of creation.

Suite by chance

These specific compounds have a certain property value below negative 12, the value of 100 percent pure sulfuric acid. The strongest is fluoroantimonic [floo-ROH-an-tuh-MON-ick], which has a Hammett function value of negative 28. What acids with extremely low pH include the magic acid?

Super acid

Chemical name, not formula, required. The production of this compound can lead to waste byproducts called pink water and red water. This compound is created by nitrating a cyclic compound possessing a single methyl group. This compound is the namesake of a convention measuring the energy released in an explosion. Name this explosive compound typically abbreviated to three letters.

TNT

This French word literally means "to God." Identify this equivalent of "goodbye."

adieu (ad-you)

Established in 1936, this motor route extends some 469 miles from Shenandoah National Park to Great Smoky Mountain National Park, passing through four national forests in the U.S. states of Virginia and North Carolina. Name this scenic, American roadway.

blue ridge parkway

This type of reaction was the subject of the now debunked phlogiston theory, and occurs above the flash point. Incomplete forms of this reaction can create carbon monoxide. Name this type of exothermic reaction which often results in smoke and a flame.

combustion

Species that produce similar sizes of these cells regardless of sex include fungi such as Ascomycetes, as well as various algae. They include spermatozoon and ova. What is this term for human reproductive cells?

gametes

This novel jumps between the years 1887 and 2000. Its protagonist, Julian West, survives in a state of suspended animation until he awakens in a socialist utopia. Give the title of this Edward Bellamy work.

looking backward

Bose-Einstein condensates can only form near this condition, and the x-intercept of a graph showing Charles' Law approximates this value. According to the third law of thermodynamics, a perfect crystal at this condition has no entropy because atoms minimize their vibrational energy at this condition. Name this value equal to minus 273. 15 degrees Celsius, the lowest possible temperature.

absolute zero

This process is used by scrubbers that flow liquid through exhaust gas to remove harmful contaminants. It also names the route by which electromagnetic radiation and chemicals enter the body through the skin. Identify this process in which a substance is pulled into another substance, rather than sticking to the surface.

absorption

Once known as Lafayette National Park, it was opened in 1919 as the eastern United States' first national park. Notable features of the park include its recognizable cliffs overlooking Frenchman Bay, as well as Cadillac Mountain rising high above Mount Desert Island. Give the name of this national park located in coastal Maine.

acadia (national park)

This term was coined by Soren Kierkegaard in his "Concept of Anxiety." Kierkegaard argued that this philosophical concept stems from free will, tracing this freedom to the biblical "original sin." Which term generally refers to feelings of anxiety or dread, and is commonly used to describe the feelings experienced as a teenager?

angst

Famous practitioners of this scholarly discipline have included Marvin Harris and Margaret Mead. It is often contrasted with sociology because of its lesser focus on societies and interpersonal interaction, and archeology is typically thought of as a subfield of this field of academic study. Name this academic discipline, which studies human cultures.

anthropology

Founded by Howard Hyde Russell as a state society in Ohio in 1893, it quickly grew to a national organization, and its long-term lobbying efforts eventually resulted in the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment. Give the name of this lobbying group, instrumental in initiating the prohibition era of American history.

anti-saloon league

Martin Luther King, Jr. used this rhetorical device when he stated, quote, "We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools." Charles Dickens employs seven examples in the first paragraph of his novel A Tale of Two Cities. Identify this parallel arrangement of contrasting ideas.

antithesis

The corresponding Eastern Orthodox tradition to this Western Christian religious season is known as the Nativity Fast, and it literally means "coming" or "arrival". On each Sunday during this season, people focus on different concepts, including hope, preparation, joy, and love, and they often celebrate this period by laying down a wreath and lighting candles in anticipation of one of their most significant holidays. Identify this Christian season that consists of the four-week period leading up to Christmas.

advent

This dramatist was probably responsible for introducing the second actor to Greek drama. His seven surviving tragedies include The Suppliants, The Persians, and Seven Against Thebes. Name this oldest of the three major Greek tragedians, who also wrote the Oresteia [or-uh-STY-uh] trilogy.

aeschylus (ess-kuh-luhs)

Most of the story named for this character takes place in China, although a sorcerer does manage to relocate the protagonist to Africa. That hero is a lazy boy who amasses wealth and marries a sultan's daughter after stumbling on a magical ring and lamp. Who is this character from The Thousand and One Nights?

aladdin

Reacting one of these compounds with a carboxylic [kar-bock-SIL-ick] acid forms an ester in a reaction named for Fischer. A 96 percent solution of one of these compounds in water is a classic example of an azeotrope [uh-ZEE-uh-trope]. By definition, these organic compounds carry at least one hydroxyl group. Identify this class of organic compounds exemplified by the ethanol found in whiskey and beer.

alcohols

Founded by Philip K. Wrigley in 1943, this organization produced such notable athletes as Sophie Kurys [kur-ees], Jean Faut, and Dorothy Kamenshek [keym-in-SHEK]. Teams that competed in the organization included the Fort Wayne Daisies, the Milwaukee Chicks, and the Rockford Peaches. Give the name of this American sports organization known as the AAGPBL.

all american girls professional baseball league

The eutectic [yoo=TECK-tick] point of these materials occurs at the composition which minimizes their melting point. When small atoms in one of these systems intersperse a crystal lattice, these materials are called interstitial [in-tur-STISH-ul,] in contrast to their substitutional type. Bronze and pewter exemplify what class of materials defined as a mixture of two or more metals?

alloys

This documentary inspired a 2017 sequel subtitled Truth to Power. Fittingly, it was the first carbon-neutral documentary. Give the title of this Oscar winner, which follows Vice President Al Gore's lecture circuit about the effects of global warming.

an inconvenient truth

This writer collaborated with his son George and Julian Huxley on The Science of Life. His scientific training inspired the sci-fi novels The First Men in the Moon, The Island of Dr. Moreau, and The Invisible Man. Identify the creator of The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds.

(Herbert) wells

In one of this man's stories, a character laments the fact that large pumpkins grow on small vines, while tiny acorns grow from mighty oaks. His masterpiece is a collection of twelve books whose stories he adapted mostly from works by Aesop. Name this 17th-century author of Fables.

(Jean de la) Fontaine

This dancer and choreographer, who taught for a time at the Eastman School of Music, rooted her work in the body's neural and muscular responses to stimuli. She staged the social protest dance Revolt, but based other works--including Clytemnestra and Night Journey--on Greek myth. Who collaborated with Aaron Copland on Appalachian Spring?

(Martha) Graham

This author was given the name Gustavus Vassa by the merchant ship commander Michael Henry Pascal. After purchasing his freedom, he served aboard a ship bound for Sierra Leone, as well as on an expedition to the North Pole. Name this colonial-era slave, whose autobiography he deemed, quote, an "interesting narrative."

(Olaudah) equiano (e-kwee-ahn-o)

This playwright's Cornelia is modeled after Senecan tragedies. His masterpiece deals with Don Andrea's return from the afterlife, in an attempt to avenge himself on his murderer. Who updated the Roman revenge tragedy with The Spanish Tragedy?

(Thomas) Kyd

When his longtime mentor, Johnny Torrio, retired to Italy in 1925, he became leader of the organized crime syndicate known as The Chicago Outfit. On February 14, 1929, his gang was responsible for the mass murder of a group of unarmed bootleggers, an event known as Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. Name this notorious American gangster, commonly known as "Scarface".

(al) capone

This biological pathway begins with the activity of an enzyme that uses magnesium ions to bond to an active site. It uses Rubisco and does not require photons. Name this component of photosynthesis, also known as the light-independent reactions.

Calvin (Benson Bassham) Cycle (CBB cycle)

The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules are used to label molecules with one form of this property. Molecules that exhibit the geometric form of this property are labeled cis- or trans-. Butane and isobutane possess the structural form of what property?

Isomer(ism)

This play begins during the Lupercalia [loo-per-KEY-lee-uh] festival, and ends with the Battle of Philippi [FIL-uh-py]. Its characters include two Cinnas, Portia, and Calpurnia, as well as the triumvirate of Lepidus, Octavius, and Mark Antony. Cassius and Brutus plot an assassination of the title character in which of Shakespeare's tragedies?

Julius Caesar

This god, whose consort was Zarpanitu [zar-PAN-i-too], was sometimes called Bel. In the Enuma Elish [ey-NOO-muh ey-LEESH], he defeats Kingu and Tiamat [TYAH-maht], thereby subduing chaos. Identify this king of the Babylonian gods

Marduk

This military force recognizes the date of its founding as December 13, 1636 when the 101st Engineer Battalion, 101st Field Artillery, and 182nd Infantry were formed as regiments to protect the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Laws permit the governor of any state to utilize their forces during declared emergencies and most members hold full time civilian jobs in addition to their service. What is this reserve military group of the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army?

National guard

In 1948, this company held its premiere performance featuring three ballets choreographed by one of its founders: Concerto Barocco, Orpheus, and Symphony in C. Jerome Robbins joined as its associate director in 1949 to expand the repertory of performances each season, and the company briefly featured Mikhail Baryshnikov [ba-RISH-nik-OFF] as a principal dancer and Maria Tallchief as one of its first stars. Identify this Manhattan-based dance company co-founded by Lincoln Kirstein and George Balanchine [BALLEN-sheen].

New york city ballet

The magnetic analog of this statement is written in terms of the reluctance. One form of this statement asserts that the current density equals the conductivity times the applied electric field. The namesake of the SI unit for resistance titles what law stating that the voltage across a resistor equals current times resistance?

Ohm's Law

Early Protestants used this medieval poem as an apologetic text. It mingles realistic and allegorical elements to create a series of spiritual and social dream visions. Give the title of this William Langland work.

Piers plowman

In the U.S., this artistic movement was championed by Eakins [EY-kinz], Homer, and The Eight. France's Barbizon School, as well as Daumier [doh-MYEY] and Courbet [koor-BEY], embraced it as a reaction against Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Which nineteenth-century art style depicted nature and contemporary life in an unidealized manner?

Realism

This type of visual art has a linear, rather than massive, quality, and tends to be black and white. The exceptions are works executed in marker and pastel. Charcoal, pen and ink, and pencils all produce what kind of two-dimensional artwork?

Sketch (drawing)

Spallanzani [spahl-lahn-ZAH-nee] and Redi [REH-dee] pointed out the flaws in this scientific theory, using jars that had been sealed and/or partially evacuated of air. It was finally disproven, in an experiment involving a flask with a bent neck, by Louis Pasteur. Identify this superseded scientific theory, which stemmed from the fact that rotten meat often appeared to give rise to maggots

Spontaneous generation

William James coined the three-word name for this narrative technique in The Principles of Psychology. William Faulkner, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce all used it extensively in their works. Give this phrase for what is essentially a character's interior monologue.

Stream of consciousness

What is the following sentence's predicate nominative? Mr. Johnson is the best history teacher in the state.

Teacher

Based on a second-hand account of Aristotle, this man invented both the prologue and internal speeches. He may have also been the first person to blend actors' speeches with choral songs, making him the first actor. Who was this ancient Greek, the so-called "inventor of tragedy"?

Thespis

As a verb, this word means "to steal the audience's attention away from another performer." What word, as a noun, names the portion of a stage farthest from the audience?

Upstage

This Roman goddess temporarily placed herself in the heavens to lead her son to Italy after the fall of Troy. This Roman goddess and mother of Aeneas, who was married to Vulcan, was legendarily born from the foam of the sea, a version of which was painted by Sandro Botticelli. Name this Roman goddess of love.

Venus

An incident in this city involved a religious community founded by Ben Roden in 1959. A later leader attracted police attention because of allegations of child abuse and gun sales. What city saw a 51- day siege in which nearly 80 people were killed in 1993 at a Branch Davidian compound in Texas, including their leader, David Koresh?

Waco (Texas)

This 1963 painting was based on All American Men of War, a DC Comics publication from the previous year. A speech bubble above a fighter pilot reads, "I pressed the fire control...and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky..." Give the one-word title of this Roy Lichtenstein masterpiece.

Whaam!

This writer included the novels Runaway Horses and The Temple of Dawn in the tetralogy he titled The Sea of Fertility. When he was in his early twenties, his second novel, Confessions of a Mask, rocketed him to national fame. Name this author, remembered for both The Temple of the Golden Pavilion and for committing ritual seppuku [se-POO-koo].

Yukio Mishima

Dispute over control of the Tindouf [TIN-doof] and Bechar [bey-SHAHR] provinces led to a conflict between these two neighboring nations in October 1963 known as the Sand War. Identify these two North African countries.

algeria and morocco

This term refers to the biosynthetic aspects of metabolism. It is often contrasted with catabolism. Identify this term for the synthesis of complex biological molecules from simpler ones.

anabolism

This deity was also called Phoebus, which means "bright" or "pure" and hinted at his connection with the sun. Both Greeks and Romans viewed him as the god of light, poetry, music, youth, and beauty. Name this son of Leto and twin brother of Artemis.

apollo

William Wordsworth used this poetic device in "London, 1802" when he addressed the long-dead John Milton. It also occurs when a work's speaker addresses an abstract concept, object, or place. What is this device, which shares its name with the punctuation mark found in contractions?

apostrophe

My neighbor, Steven, has season basketball tickets. What is the function of "Steven" in the preceding sentence?

appositive

These structures have higher pressure, thicker walls, and brighter coloration compared to veins. Identify this term for blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart.

artery

Jean Dubuffet [ZHAHN doo-buh-FEY] coined this artistic word in the 1950s. Like collage, it can be two-dimensional, but it can also be three-dimensional, as in Robert Rauschenberg's [ROWSH-en-burgz] combines. Give the French word for this incorporation of everyday found objects into a composition.

assemblage

This law was formulated by its namesake in 1811, but was not accepted by scientists until 1858 after Stanislao Cannizzaro [stah-neez-LAH-aw kan-uh-ZAHR-oh] created a system of chemistry based on it. It establishes that one mole of gas takes up a volume of 22.4 liters at standard conditions, and that the number of molecules in one mole of a substance is around 6.022 times 10 to the twenty-third. Whose law states that, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules?

avogadro's (law)

Argued alongside similar cases, Altitude Express v. Zarda and R.G. and G.R. Harris Funeral Homes v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, this case was decided by the Supreme Court on June 15, 2020 with Justice Neil Gorsuch writing for a 6-3 opinion. Identify the landmark case in which the Court held that employees were protected by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 from discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.

bostock v clayton county

This subfield of biology used to encompass what is today studied by mycologists. Rather than phyla, the upper-level taxons in this scientific discipline are typically known as divisions. Identify this term for the scientific study of plants.

botany

The characteristic value of one type of this component is given by permittivity times area over distance. That type of this component includes a dielectric between two parallel plates, which is why these components are shown as two equal parallel lines on a circuit diagram. Name these circuit components which store charge.

capacitors

In Greek comedy, this element was eventually replaced by songs interspersed throughout the plot. Confusingly, Elizabethan theatre used the word to refer to a single person, rather than the group of performers who composed it in ancient theater. Give the word that, generally in drama and music, references performers who work in a group, rather than alone.

chorus

The Greek root "chrom" is part of the words "chromatic" and "chromosome." Give its English meaning

color

First and last name answer required. This believer in witchcraft was one of only two colonial Americans to be elected to London's Royal Society. He catalogued illnesses and their treatments in The Angel of Bethesda, and was a firm believer in inoculation against smallpox. Name this author of Wonders of the Invisible World and Magnalia Christi Americana.

cotton mather

In an RLC circuit, the resistor performs this process on the system. This process occurs in "under-", "over-", and "critical" varieties depending on the system's natural frequency, and this process can cause an otherwise-harmonic system to lose energy over time. Name this process in which a forced oscillatory system decreases in amplitude over time such as when a pendulum stops swinging due to friction.

damping

This word possibly derives from the Swahili word for "seizure" or "cramp." It is transmitted by mosquitoes in warm climates, and causes joint pain, fever, headaches, and rashes. Give this six-letter word.

dengue (deng-gei)

This quantity by definition is released for all exothermic reactions, and pulled in by all endothermic reactions. The first law of thermodynamics implies that its internal form will be conserved, which may not be true for the Gibbs free variety. What quantity, which also comes in potential and kinetic forms, is sometimes defined as the ability to do work?

energy

This character can no longer live with animals after encountering the woman Shamhat. His death prompts his best friend's journey to discover the secret of immortality. Who is this half-man, half-beast from The Epic of Gilgamesh?

enkidu

This ancient dramatist may have written many of his tragedies, including The Suppliants, in a cave on the island of Salamis [SAL-uh-miss]. Among his other plays are Hecuba [HEK-yuh-buh], The Trojan Women, and Medea. Who was this youngest of the three major Greek tragedians?

euripides

This prefix might appear before "judicial," "cellular," or "ordinary." Name this Latin prefix meaning "beyond" or "outside."

extra

This residence's primary structural support consists of eight white I-beams that connect floor-to-ceiling plate glass walls. It is a minimalist answer to mid-century Modernism that sits near the Fox River, sixty miles outside of Chicago. What it this Ludwig Mies van der Rohe [MEEZ van der ROW-uh] design?

farnsworth house

It's not a funnel, but one type of this equipment named for Büchner [BOOKH-ner] is commonly used for vacuum filtration. The Florence type of this equipment has a near-spherical bottom part, as does the volumetric type. One of these objects with a short neck and conical glass body is named for Emil Erlenmeyer. Name this basic type of lab equipment, used to mix and heat liquids contrasted with beakers.

flask

First and last name required. Four people have a political opponent in common. Those people are an Indiana-born Wall Street attorney and business leader, the 26th Governor of Kansas, the 47th Governor of New York, and the 31st President of the United Stat To what president did Wendell Willkie, Alf Landon, Thomas Dewey, and Herbert Hoover all lose elections to?

franklin (d) roosevelt

Sheet music represents this type of note with a stem, but an X where the normal head would be. What do we call a note with a rhythmic value, but no discernible pitch?

ghost

Despite their general comprehensiveness, these theories, which include the Georgi-Glashow model, do not explain gravity. They explain the electro-weak force as well as the strong force. Identify this term for theories that provide joint explanations for multiple theories, often used in physics.

grand unified theories

Multiple answers required. The 1888 Supreme Court case Plyant Mahon v. Abner Justice involved these two families, headed by their respective patriarchs "Rand'l" and "Devil Anse". Residing on opposite sides of the Tug Fork stream, the families were each responsible for kidnapping, murdering, and damaging property belonging to the other. Identify the two American Appalachian families at the center of this legendary feud.

hatfield (s and) mccoy (s)

Some six months after this website's October 1, 2013 launch, Kathleen Sebelius resigned as Secretary of Health and Human Services, due in part to the many technical problems experienced by users of the site. What government website was created to operate the federal health insurance exchange following the passing of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

healthcare.gov

On January 20th, 2015, the Supreme Court reached a unanimous decision in this case in favor of the petitioner, Abdul Maalik Muhammad. What Supreme Court case ruled that an Arkansas prison had violated the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act by preventing Muhammad from growing a short beard as required by his religious faith?

holt v hobbs

Composers sometimes associated with this short-lived style include Gabriel Fauré [ga-bree-EL foh-REY] and Erik Satie [e-REEK sah-TEE]. They used orchestration, harmony, and timbre [TAM-ber] to convey emotions and scenes. Identify this style more often linked with Maurice Ravel [ruh-VEL] and Claude Debussy [deb-yoo-SEE].

impressionism

Identify the part of speech of the last word in the following: "So you don't want to go to the movies after all, huh?"

interjection

The "tour" type of this ballet step begins with a battement [bat-MAHN] and ends in arabesque. The "battu" version requires a mid-air leg cross, but the most common type is simply termed "grand." What is such a ballet jump from one foot to the other?

jete (zhutay)

Located in the Adirondack Mountains at the foot of Whiteface Mountain, this village was host of the 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics. Name this popular resort village of northeastern New York.

lake placid

While including the crust, this shell extends beyond the Earth's crust into the mantle. Its name comes from the Greek for "rocky sphere." What layer of a planetary body is largely comprised of solid rock?

lithosphere

This organ can be the sight of Councilman bodies, particularly in the case of hepatitis and other viruses. It is the largest internal organ in humans. What is this organ involved in detoxification of substances, including alcohol?

liver

These members of the division Marchantiophyta are sometimes referred to as hepatics. They have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, similar to hornworts and mosses. Give the term for these nonvascular plants that have lobed leaves.

liverwort(s)

This tragic opera ends with Edgardo di Ravenswood stabbing himself. The title woman is engaged to Lord Arturo, but descends into madness and dies shortly after killing him. Identify this opera based on a Sir Walter Scott novel, and composed by Gaetano Donizetti [gah-eh-TAH-naw daw-nee-ZET-tee

lucia (lucheea) di lammermoor

In this musical, the main character fights his enemy, The Enchanter, who takes the form of the Knight of the Mirrors, after which he no longer believes himself to be a hero and instead just a normal man named Alonso Quijano. Other supporting characters in this musical include Sancho Panza, the main hero's sidekick, and Aldonza, called Dulcinea by the main character, to which he explains his quest by singing "The Impossible Dream". Identify this 1965 musical by Dale Wasserman, Joe Darion, and Mitch Leigh, inspired by the classic Miguel de Cervantes work Don Quixote.

man of la mancha

What is the predicate nominative in the following sentence? She is a former member of the U.S. Olympic gymnastics team

member

This Roman deity oversaw tricksters, travelers, thieves, and merchants. Like his Greek predecessor, he often wore a helmet and winged sandals and carried a caduceus [kuh-DOO-see-us]. Identify the Roman counterpart of Hermes.

mercury

This material typically contains mostly methane, but can also include some proportion of other alkanes. What is this term for a fossil fuel that is contrasted with those made mostly of liquid and solid substances?

natural gas

This novel includes multiple characters named José Arcadio [ho-ZAY ar-KAH-dee-oh], Aureliano [au-rey-lee-AH-no], and Remedios [reh-MEH-dyos]. It ends with the town of Macondo--which housed seven generations of the Buendía [bweyn-DEE-ah] family--being destroyed by a hurricane. Give the title of this magic realist novel by Gabriel García Márquez.

one hundred years of solitude

Their tissues can be divided into the categories of parenchyma and stroma. They are often described as either internal or external. What are these bodily structures that join to make up namesake systems?

organs

These particles, represented in a Feynman [FAIN-mun] diagram by a wavy line, are massless particles in the Standard Model. They undergo Compton scattering, and were used by Einstein to explain the photoelectric effect. Identify the quantum particles that mediate electromagnetic forces, such as visible light.

photons

Photosynthetic organisms of this general grouping are central to the CLAW hypothesis of global climate change. Examples of these include copepods and krill, both of which are considered the "holo-" type. Identify this broad category of marine organisms, which can be broken down into phyto- and zoo- types.

plankton

Their major losses in the Opium Wars and Boxer Rebellion led to the abdication of child emperor Puyi [poo-yee]. What dynasty followed the Ming, and ruled until the early twentieth century, marking the end of imperial rule in China

qing (ching dynasty)

Notable figures in the rule of this dynasty include Kangxi [kang-CHEE], the Empress Dowager Cixi [see-CHEE], and later, Puyi [poo-YEE]. Assuming power in 1644, the dynasty was successful in extending the Chinese empire by three times the size of its predecessor, the Ming. Name the last of China's imperial dynasties.

qing (ching)

This form of genetic material makes up the bulk of the LSU and the SSU. It is an example of a ribozyme and is the primary form of RNA in cells. What is this form of RNA, which makes up the centers of protein synthesis

rRna

At the conclusion of this story, the protagonist dies of brain fever, after collapsing earlier in the day. Paul proves his luck to his mother by determining the Derby Stakes winner, thereby earning the family five thousand pounds

rocking-horse winner

In 2012, this American comedian was nominated by the Peace and Freedom Party as the party's candidate for president of the United States. Having rose to stardom following an appearance on The Tonight Show in 1985, she became star of a self-titled television series in 1988, playing the matriarch of the blue-collar Conner family. Identify the controversial American entertainer who was fired from a 2018 reboot of that series in the wake of racist tweets regarding former Obama-Whitehouse adviser, Valerie Jarrett.

roseanne barr

In a frame story, this character is marooned after sailing from Basra with a shipful of merchandise. It tells of his seven voyages, in which he encounters whales, rocs, and a man-eating giant. Give the name of this character from The Thousand and One Nights.

sinbad (the sailor)

The largest family of these animals are the colubrids, which are found on every continent other than Antarctica and include the boomslang. Types of these animals include the elapids, split jaw, boas, and pythons. What are these reptiles, known for their lack of legs?

snakes

One step in freeze-drying employs this process to remove ice crystals. The enthalpy of this process is equal to the sum of the enthalpies of fusion and vaporization. A fuchsia gas appears when iodine undergoes this process. Dry ice undergoes what process that is the opposite of deposition?

sublimation

Rising in Otsego [AWT-sey-goh] Lake in upstate New York, this river flows some 444 miles through the Appalachian Plateau before emptying into the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. Name this major American river, the longest on the country's eastern coast.

susquehanna river

The fifth verse in the third chapter of this biblical book states, "Trust in the Lord with all your heart and do not lean on your own understanding." In the Protestant Bible, it is situated in the Old Testament between Psalms and Ecclesiastes. Identify this book of sayings attributed to Solomon.

the book of proverbs

This novel's protagonist is the father of Nwoye [ng-WOY-yeh] and Ezinma [eh-ZEE-mah], but also cares for Ikemefuna [ee-keh-MEH-foo-nah]. Okonkwo [oh-KAHN-kwoh] survives a seven-year exile from his village, but commits suicide when his fellow villagers refuse to declare war on white missionaries. Name this first and most famous novel of Chinua Achebe [CHIN-oo-wah ah-CHAY-bay].

things fall apart

This man's masterpiece has been called, quote, "the first recorded political and moral analysis of a nation's war policies." Events in that eight-volume work end abruptly in the fall of 411 B.C., over six years before the title conflict between Athens and Sparta ended. Who wrote History of the Peloponnesian [pel-uh-puh-NEE-zhun] War?

thucydides (thoo-sid-ud-ees)

This term in color theory applies to pink in relation to red. It is the opposite of a shade. Give the word for a hue with white added.

tint

The two primary classes of these sequences function by way of either transposase or reverse transcriptase. They were discovered by Barbara McClintock, for which she received a Nobel Prize. What is this term for portions of DNA that can change their place in the genome, sometimes known as jumping genes?

transposons

This political party was formed by Southern supporters of states' rights and by fiscal conservatives opposed to Andrew Jackson. It ran three presidential candidates in 1836 in an effort to throw the election into the House of Representatives. What party nominated William Henry Harrison for president in 1840?

whig

Held on a farm in Bethel, New York in August 1969, this event was attended by more than 400,000 people, drawn by the event's promise of "3 Days of Peace and Music". What was this legendary rock festival, featuring such acts as the Who, Janis Joplin, the Grateful Dead, and Jimi Hendrix?

woodstock

She sat in the waiting room for hours. What types of verbs show action, but do not take direct objects, as does the verb in the preceding sentence?

intransitive

One variety of these are excised by spliceosomes. They are removed during the processing of mRNA. Identify this term for segments of non-coding DNA, often contrasted with exons.

intron(s)

This layer of the atmosphere lies from 46 to 621 miles above the Earth, and stretches over parts of the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. This layer aids in long distance radio propagation and is made up of positively charged particles that have been stripped of electrons. What layer of the Earth's atmosphere is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation?

ionosphere

Paul Gauguin [goh-GAN] painted two depictions of this biblical figure, one of which shows a woman sitting in front of a green sculpture of this figure and the other showing Breton women surrounding him in a mostly yellow setting. Another famous painting of this man currently resides in Milan, Italy, and represents a biblical event that provides the basis for the Eucharist, and perhaps the most famous sculpture of him shows his mother cradling his body on her lap. Identify this central figure of Christianity that has been illustrated in many artistic masterpieces, including The Last Supper and Pietá.

jesus

This army officer under the emperor Domitian [duh-MISH-un] also wrote of life under the rulers Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian. His masterpiece consists of sixteen poems in dactylic hexameter [dak-TIL-ik hek-ZAM-uh-tur], including "Patron and Client" and "Bad Parenting." Give the name of this Roman poet responsible for Satires.

juvenal

By definition, this architectural element is the central voussoir [voo-SWAHR]. Give the word for a wedge-shaped stone block whose placement holds the other parts of an arch in place.

keystone

The virial theorem can be used to find the time average of this quantity in terms of internal forces. This quantity equals the square of the momentum divided by two times the mass, and the work done on a particle equals the change in this quantity. One half mass times velocity squared describes what form of energy due to motion, often contrasted with potential energy?

kinetic energy

Name and number please. He became king of Hanover in 1814, a position he held for the last six years of his six-decade long reign as king of Great Britain and Ireland. Identify the British monarch who oversaw Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War as well as its defeat in the American Revolution.

king george III

This town of the Outer Banks earned its place in history on December 17, 1903 due to its proximity to Kill Devil Hills, the site of the first sustained, pilot-controlled airplane flight. Give the name of this village in North Carolina, forever associated with the Wright brothers.

kitty hawk

After defeating his younger brother in the Toluid Civil War, he became the fifth emperor of the Yuan dynasty and reigned from 1260 until 1294. Identify this Chinese ruler who completed the conquest of the country that had begun under his grandfather, Genghis Khan.

kublai (khan)

Greenhouse gases impacted by this international treaty includes carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride among others. It is a part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. What is this 1997 agreement that called for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2 percent, signed in a key city of Japan?

kyoto protocol

One of these elements is alloyed with iron and boron to create the strongest commercially available magnet. The ionic radii of these elements decreases due to poor electron shielding in their namesake "contraction." Identify this class of f-block elements that lie above the actinides on the periodic table

lanthanides

This man, whom the Tang Dynasty revered as an imperial ancestor, worked as an astrology and divination scholar in the Zhou [JOH] emperor's court. Legend has it that he wrote down his ideas of wuwei [WOO WAY], yin, and yang on his way west, then promptly disappeared. Identify this philosopher, the founder of Daoism [DOW-iz-um].

lao-tzu

Acronym required. Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou [zheh-RAHR moo-ROO] won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on chirped pulse amplification in these devices. These devices function by inducing population inversion within the gain medium. These devices utilize stimulated emission to emit a single wavelength of light. Identify these devices which produce coherent beams of light that can blind people when used improperly.

lasers

Subtypes of this substance include the pillow, pahoehoe, and a'a [ah-ah] varieties. When it cools, this leads to the formation of extrusive igneous rocks. What is this term for molten material above the Earth's surface?

lava

This 800-page work derived from earlier English and French sources, but its "Tale of Sir Gareth" appears to be the author's own invention. It was the first English-language prose account of Camelot and the knights of the Round Table. What is this masterpiece of Sir Thomas Malory?

le morte d'arthur (de atoor)

This verse collection's eighth printing included November Boughs, while its next run was nicknamed the "deathbed edition." The fourth edition incorporated the Civil War poems of Drum-Taps, while "I Sing the Body Electric" appeared in the earliest printing. Give the title of this seminal Walt Whitman work.

leaves of grass

This musical features the songs "Daughters of Delta Nu," "Bend and Snap," and "Omigod You Guys." Like the movie on which it is based, it details Elle Woods's time in Harvard Law School. Name this musical based on a 2001 film starring Reese Witherspoon.

legally blonde (the musical)

Pancake Day, also known as Shrove Tuesday, is celebrated prior to this religious period, which derives its name from the Old English word for spring. Palm Sunday marks the beginning of the last week of this period, called Holy Week, and throughout the six weeks, Christians traditionally practice fasting and sacrifice certain luxuries to commemorate the time that Jesus spent in the desert. What is this 40-day period that begins with Ash Wednesday and ends with Easter?

lent

This dance recalls the movements abducted Africans had to perform on slave ships. For a time, it was performed at Caribbean wakes and funerals, but calypso music's popularity gave rise to a livelier version. Name this dance, which has become a competition in which dancers shimmy under a progressively lowering horizontal pole.

limbo

This Norse god was capable of changing both his shape and his sex at will. His children were Hel, Jörmungand [YAWR-moon-gahnd], and Fenrir, as well as the eight-legged horse Sleipnir [SLEYP-nir]. Who was this Norse trickster god?

loki

This novel is set on a deserted tropical island in the middle of an implied nuclear war. With a title that references Beelzebub [bee-EL-zuh-bub], it includes the deaths of Simon and Piggy at the hands of their classmates. Name this dark allegory, written by William Golding.

lord of the flies

This large group portrait encompasses fourteen diners and one toy terrier. Fellow painters, art dealers, and the artist's future wife served as models for the subjects, who enjoy a relaxing meal in a Parisian suburb. Give the title of this Renoir painting.

luncheon of the boating party

This form of genetic material was first suggested to exist by François Jacob and Jacques Monod. It is single-stranded and is read by the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis. Name this form of RNA, which is created directly from DNA, by way of transcription.

mRna (messenger rna)

This concept was popularized by Alfred Hitchcock, and it is also known as a weenie. Examples of this include the briefcase in "Pulp Fiction," as well as the titular Maltese Falcon statue. Which dramatic term refers to a motivator for a story, even if it has no apparent value ?

macguffin

Lying along the north bank of the Negro River, this port city is the largest found in the Amazon basin. What Brazilian city is capital of the nation's largest state, Amazonas [am-uh-ZOH-nuhs]?

manaus

In May 2017, this city's AO arena was the site of a terrorist attack when a suicide bomber killed more than 20 fans as they left an Ariana Grande concert. What is this major metropolis of northern England, the home of the professional soccer team known as the United?

manchester

This project began with $6,000 appropriated for research led by L.J. Briggs, director of the National Bureau of Standards. On the day before Pearl Harbor, it was put under the direction of Vannevar Bush, an electrical engineer. What project undertaken during World War Two produced the first atomic bomb?

manhattan project

This layer makes up 84% of the Earth's volume and contains convection currents. It lies below the lithosphere, and is bounded by the Moho and the d'' [D double prime] layer. Identify this layer of the earth that separates the crust and outer core.

mantle

This documentary opens with the observation, quote, "There are few places hard to get to in this world. But there aren't any where it's harder to live." It was originally produced in French, but its English release is narrated by Morgan Freeman. What is this documentary about a certain Antarctic species' attempts to survive and reproduce

march of the penguins

This musical character proves herself to be trustworthy when she catches a teenage girl, Liesl, sneaking in after spending time with her boyfriend and agrees to keep her secret, and she later yodels in the song "The Lonely Goatherd". Although she begins the musical as a novice in a convent, her relationship with the family of an Austrian naval officer grows as she teaches the children music with the songs "Do Re Mi" and "My Favorite Things". Name this governess and later stepmother to the seven Von Trapp children in the musical The Sound of Music.

maria von trapp

First and last name required. This scientist worked with André-Louis Debierne [dub-YERN] while studying pitchblende. This scientist shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Henri Becquerel [beck-uh-REL] and coined the term "radioactivity." Identify this Polish chemist who discovered polonium and radium with her husband, Pierre, the only woman to win a Nobel Prize in two separate fields.

marie curie

In 80, this man published the poetry volume On the Spectacles to celebrate the Colosseum's consecration. A friend of Juvenal and Pliny the Younger, he wrote, "Live for today; tomorrow is too late." Identify this Roman poet, who created the epigram.

martial

According to the weak equivalence principle, the inertial and gravitational forms of this quantity are exactly equal. Two forms of this quantity appear in the numerator of Newton's law of gravitation. According to Newton's second law, the force on an object equals acceleration times what quantity measured in kilograms?

mass

On a standard Broadway schedule, this type of performance occurs on Sunday, Wednesday, and Saturday. It appeals to suburbanites and others who prefer not to go into the city at night. What is the French word for such a performance that occurs in the afternoon?

matinee

This organization's school of medicine is known as Alix, and it is named for its founding family that included physicians William and Charlie. The main campus of this medical center is located in Rochester, Minnesota, with additional locations in Florida and Arizona. Identify this medical center, known for its unique focus on cross-departmental collaborations and innovative treatment techniques.

mayo clinic

Beginning a period lasting from 1868 to 1912, this political revolution ended the Edo period and brought about the end of the shogunate government. Give the name of this event in Japanese history named for the emperor who transformed the country into a modern world power.

meiji restoration

Famous plays in the genre included The Colleen Bawn and The Octoroon, both by Dion Boucicault [BOO-see-kawlt]. It emphasizes exaggerated emotion and plot rather than realistic characterization. Name this theatrical genre, which is also the title of a 2017 album released by singer-songwriter Lorde.

melodrama

This work is by far the most frequently performed oratorio in history. Among its solos are "I Know that My Redeemer Liveth," "If God Be for Us," and "The Trumpet Shall Sound." Name this source of the "Hallelujah Chorus," by George Frideric Handel.

messiah

This musical work's premiere performance in Dublin, Ireland, was part of a charity concert to benefit two hospitals. This work includes the tenor recitative [reh-sit-uh-TEEV] "All they that see him laugh him to scorn," as well as the chorus "Worthy is the lamb" and another chorus that notes "And he shall reign for ever and ever." Name this George Frideric Handel oratorio that includes the "Hallelujah Chorus."

messiah (not the)

This story ends with Grete taking a stroll with her mother and father after her brother's untimely death. That brother, Gregor, works as a traveling salesman until he awakes one morning as a giant insect. What is this surreal Franz Kafka story?

metamorphosis

It involves the addition of a CH3 group. This process appears to be one of the primary drivers of epigenetic regulation. Identify this process that regulates gene expression, through which methyl groups are added to DNA.

methylation

Lou Anna Simon resigned as this university's president in 2018, following the arrest and subsequent conviction of Larry Nassar, who had served as a professor and sports physician at the school. More than 150 victims, including many of the school's student athletes as well as U.S. Olympic gymnasts, accused Nassar of committing sexual misconduct over a number of years. Name this University located in the city of East Lansing.

michigan state (university)

In Norse mythology, this location is connected to Asgard by Bifrost, the rainbow bridge. It lies halfway between Niflheim [NIV-uhl-heym] to the north and Muspelheim [MOO-spell-heymz] to the south. What is this abode of humanity, which appears before "serpent" in the alternate name of Jörmungand [YAWR-moon-gahnd]?

midgard

This modern classical music genre often employs drones and repetitive patterns, and is non-narrative. Composers associated with it include Steve Reich, Terry Riley, John Adams, and Philip Glass. What movement's name hints at its composers' efforts to strip music down to its bare essentials?

minimalism

The racemic variety of these contain equal amounts of the enantiomers of a compound. Another example of these substances, which cannot be separated by distillation are azeotropes. Identify these substances, which are created by physically combining two or more other substances.

mixtures

This poetic genre, which originated in classical times with Battle of the Frogs and Mice, was employed in the Neoclassical quarrel of the ancients and moderns. One example is Joel Barlow's The Hasty Pudding, a four hundred-line tribute to cornmeal mush. Identify the type of poem that applies elevated heroic style to a trivial subject, as in Pope's The Rape of the Lock.

mock epic

This desert is bounded by the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountain ranges and is known for its Joshua Tree. It meets the Great Basin Desert in Zion National Park, and contains America's hottest location, Death Valley. What is this most arid American desert, located in the Southwestern United States?

mojave (desert)

This founder of the acting troupe Illustrious Theater began writing five-act verse comedies with 1662's The School for Wives. He collaborated with the composer Lully [loo-LEE] on the comedie-ballet The Would-Be Gentleman, but is better remembered for The Miser and Tartuffe [tar-TOOF]. Name the playwright of The Misanthrope and The Imaginary Invalid.

moliere

Though its summit is in French territory, this mountain massif extends from the French-Italian border some 25 miles into Switzerland. Give the name of this mountain range in the Alps, a name shared with the Alps' highest mountain

mont blanc

In this play, farmer Phil Hogan and his daughter Josie try to prevent their landlord from selling his property to their rich neighbor Harder. That landlord, Jim Tyrone, Jr., also appears in an earlier play by the same dramatist. What is this loose sequel to Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night?

moon for the misbegotten

Methods of creating this type of artwork include direct, indirect, and double indirect. Ancient Greeks and Romans used it to decorate their floors, while Byzantines preferred it for wall adornment. Identify this art form in which small pieces of stone or glass are set in a bed of plaster or cement.

mosaic

Originally called Little Hunting Creek Plantation, it was renamed by its most notable resident's elder half-brother, Lawrence. What Georgian mansion in Fairfax county, Virginia was the home and burial place of President George Washington?

mount vernon

Defining characteristics of these organisms include a stipe, pileus [PIE-lee-us], and gills. One toxic example of these organisms that contain hyphae [HIGH-fee] is Amanita phalloides [am-an-EYE-tuh fal-LOY-deez]. What fungi, used in a variety of culture's cuisines, include truffles and portabellas?

mushrooms

When the "silent" type of this event occurs, there are no negative symptoms or noticeable defects. While it plays an important role in the creation of genetic diversity, this event is also the cause of diseases such as phenylketonuria [fen-ul-kee-toh-NOOR-ee-uh], cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anemia. Name this event during DNA replication that comes in many different varieties including missense, nonsense, repeat expansion, and frameshift and is defined as a "mistake" in the DNA.

mutation

In this musical number, three men discuss their aspirations in life: one dreams of freedom from a monarch, one wants to rise above his current status as a tailor's apprentice, and the other wishes to lead the first black battalion in a war. These men admire the tenacity of the main character singing this song, who claims that he is "past patiently waitin'" and "passionately smashin' every expectation" as he prepares for the upcoming Revolutionary War. Name this song from the hit musical Hamilton in which Alexander Hamilton describes himself as "young, scrappy, and hungry" and wishes to "rise up".

my shot

The Pillars of Creation are a large area of prevalent star production, contained within the "Eagle" one of these bodies. Examples of these include the Carina, Crab, and Orion. Give this term for a collection of gas in space, of which it was once believed Andromeda was an example.

nebula

The DUNE experiment at Fermilab is currently working to detect and study these particles. They are sometimes referred to as ghost particles and come in three varieties. What are these lightest of fundamental particles that have mass?

neutrinos

Examples of these astronomical bodies include the Magnificent Seven, and a subtype of them is exemplified by LGM-1. The collision of two of these objects is referred to as a kilonova, which results in the rapid neutron capture process. Identify these extremely dense astronomical bodies, which consist of degenerate matter that is made up mostly of the namesake subatomic particle.

neutron stars

Name, not symbol, required. A fine gray-powder of this element named for Raney is used to catalyze the reduction of benzene to cyclohexane [sigh-kloh-HECK-sane]. Carbon monoxide is used to purify this element in the Mond process. Along with iron and cobalt, this element is ferromagnetic at room temperature. Name this metal which lends its name to and makes up 25 percent of the U.S. 5-cent coin.

nickel

The artist conceded that with this painting, quote, "Unconsciously, probably, I was painting the loneliness of a large city." The most popular item in the Art Institute of Chicago's collection, it places a wraparound glass window between the viewer and the work's four inhabitants. Give the title of this Edward Hopper painting.

nighthawks

Despite its French name, this genre originated with Irish composer John Field in 1814. Debussy [deb-yoo-SEE] composed a few for orchestra, but most examples were written for solo piano. Give the word for a piece that is inspired by night.

nocturne

Many of this dramatist's works, including Loving Daniel Boone and Trudy Blue, were first staged at the Actors Theatre of Louisville. She wrote the books for the musicals The Bridges of Madison County and The Color Purple, and wrote both the book and lyrics for the musical The Secret Garden. Who is this playwright of Getting Out and the Pulitzer-winning 'night, Mother?

norman

Written in the fall of 1781 and published in 1785, this book is comprised of 23 "Queries", composed as responses to questions posed by French politician Francois Barbe-Marbois about the author's home state. The work is often remembered for its extensive discussion of slavery, particularly in light of the author's purported relationship with Sally Hemings. Give the title of the only full-length book ever published by Thomas Jefferson.

notes on the state of virginia

It happened on Earth during the Greenhouse Item test and it is often facilitated through quantum tunneling. This process happens in hydrogen bombs, in addition to an initial fission reaction. Identify this process, whereby atoms combine, producing huge amounts of energy in stars such as our sun.

nuclear fusion

This territory was created in 1999, and has its capital at Iqaluit [ih-KAH-loo-it], formerly known as Frobisher Bay. Bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, it is separated from Greenland by Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. What Canadian territory was created from the Northwest Territories, and given an Inuit [IN-oo-it] name meaning "our land"?

nunavut

On behalf of the 5-4 majority in this Supreme Court case decided June 26, 2015, Justice Anthony Kennedy stated "inherent in the liberty of a person" is the fundamental right to marry. What landmark Supreme Court case ruled state bans on same-sex marriage as unconstitutional?

obergefell v hodges

This structure is also known as a "oeil de boeuf," [ooy-di-boof] or a bull's-eye. It was originally created in antiquity to provide light and drainage to an interior. Identify the structure most closely associated with the Pantheon, that is an opening in a dome?

oculus

In this movie, Lee J. Cobb portrays union boss Johnny Friendly, while Rod Steiger plays Charley Malloy, Friendly's assistant. Its protagonist, Terry Malloy, is temporarily ostracized for testifying about the corruption that occurred at Hoboken's docks. In what film does Marlon Brando proclaim, "I coulda been a contender"?

on the waterfront

Biogenic VOCs are specific types of these molecules that can lead to the formation of ozone in the troposphere. Identify this term, used to refer to compounds containing carbon, which is also used to refer to living things.

organic (compound)

One of the best-known shapes in this art form is the orizuru [oh-ree-ZOO-roo], or crane. Some artists use sprays to help the finished product keep its shape, while others need paperclips or tweezers to aid in the creation process. Name the Japanese art of paper folding.

origami

A famous example of this musical concept is the Rossini crescendo. It can apply to a harmony, a rhythm, or a melody. What Italian word for "stubborn" names a short pattern that is repeated through all or some part of a composition?

ostinato

Figures in this memoir include the cook Kamante [kah-MAHN-tay] and Denys Finch-Hatton, a close friend of the narrator. That narrator manages a coffee plantation in colonial Kenya, which she reluctantly sells at the work's conclusion. What is this book, which Baroness Karen Blixen published under the pseudonym Isak Dinesen?

out of africa

Mendelssohn named one of these musical works for Scotland's Hebrides [HEB-rih-deez] Islands, while Brahms titled one Academic Festival. Another well-known example is the one that begins Rossini's opera William Tell. What do we call "an orchestral composition forming the prelude or introduction to an opera or oratorio"?

overture

The liquid form of this element is weakly paramagnetic, and was discovered by English scientist Joseph Priestley. This element can form a triatomic molecule called ozone, and is the second most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere. Identify this element with atomic number 8, which is symbolized O.

oxygen

This molecule is naturally formed in the Chapman Cycle, when a standard oxygen molecule absorbs a photon. This molecule, however, measured in Dobson units, is broken down into radicals by reactions with the CFCs found in spray cans. What triatomic allotrope of oxygen forms a protective layer in the Earth's stratosphere?

ozone

This structure grew out of the Indian stupa, and was originally made of wood. It has a spire and a central pillar, as well as a square base and five successively smaller floors. Give the name of this building, which is associated with Buddhism in both China and Japan.

pagoda

This epic's stated goals are to, quote, "assert Eternal Providence" and "justify the ways of God to men." Its characters include Sin, Death, and the angels Raphael and Michael, as well as Adam and Eve. What is this long John Milton poem?

paradise lost

An example of this mind-bending literary device is, "This sentence is false." When the speaker in an Emily Dickinson poem declares, "I'm Nobody," she uses it. Give the name for a statement that appears self-contradictory, but is actually true.

paradox

Laurent Fabius presided over the negotiations that led to this international treaty, announcing its adoption on December 12, 2015. Following the election of President Donald Trump, the U.S. announced its intent to rescind its earlier commitment to the treaty, effective as early as November 2020. Give the name of this replacement for the Kyoto Protocol, named for the European city in which it was adopted.

paris agreement

In this type of democracy, the parties in the minority form the opposition, and are expected to challenge the ruling party regularly. The leader of the government is usually called the chancellor or the prime minister. What type of democracy developed in Great Britain, and takes its name from the British legislative assembly?

parliamentary (democracy)

A doubled one of these systems exhibits chaotic behavior, and the period of these systems is proportional to the square root of the length divided by little g. Léon Foucault [lay-AWN foo-KOH] used one of these systems to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth. Name these oscillating systems that feature a bob attached to the end of a swinging cord.

pendulums

Among this musical family's more obscure instruments are the caxixi [kuh-SHEE-shee], daf, and djembe [JEM-bay]. Its members can be pitched or unpitched, and are said to be the world's oldest musical instruments. Name this family, which also contains the marimba, timpani, and xylophone

percussion

The goal of his foreign policy was gaining access to the sea for Russia. In 1703, he chose the Gulf of Finland as the location for a new Russian capital, which he named. Name the Tsar [zahr], who upon winning the Northern War, became Russia's first emperor.

peter the great

At extremely low values, this quantity can be defined using the Hammett function. The value of this quantity at which a protein has no net charge is called the isoelectric point. The negative base ten logarithm of the H+ concentration defines this quantity. Identify this quantity which characterizes how acidic or basic a solution is.

ph (power of hydrogen)

Naturally occurring anthocyanins [an-thuh-SIGH-uh-nins] in plants like red cabbage can serve as this type of compound. Methyl orange is used in titration because it is one of these compounds which changes from red to yellow. Many of these substances can be combined to create a universal one of them. Phenolphthalein [fee-nawl-THAL-een] and litmus paper belong to what class of compounds which visually respond to the acidity of a solution?

ph indicators

These phenomena are described as first or second order in a phenomenological theory describing them developed by Lev Landau. The Clausius-Clapeyron [KLOWW-zee-us KLAH-pay-rahn] relation can be used to find coexistence curves describing these phenomena. Latent heat is released during some examples of these events. Identify these events in which macroscopic properties of a material change due to changes in external conditions such as in freezing or melting.

phase transitions

This son and attendant of Ares personified the fear that was said to cause an army's defeat. His name means "panic." Identify this mythological figure who, like his brother Deimos [DEE-mohs], lends his name to one of Mars's moons.

phobos

This art medium was popularized after the invention of the daguerreotype, and early proponents of this art form included the husband of the artist Georgia O'Keeffe and others who created images depicting national parks and the Civil War. One famous work in this form, Migrant Mother, was created by Dorothea Lange and shows a woman with three children during the Great Depression, while another captures John Lennon on the day of his murder. Name this art medium used by Annie Leibovitz, Ansel Adams, and Mathew Brady.

photography

This Italian word means "mercy" or "pity." It is the title of the only sculpture Michelangelo ever signed. What is the word for a representation of the Virgin Mary holding Christ's dead body?

pieta

This ancient Greek mastered the verse form called the epinicion [ep-uh-NISH-un]. A native of Thebes, he wrote poems to celebrate the victors of Isthmian, Nemean, Pythian, and Olympic games. Name this master of the choral ode.

pindar

These trees dominate the maritime coast range ponderosa forests. They are conifers, with specific examples including the scotch, eastern white, and stone. What are these trees often used as Christmas and winter holiday decorations, known for their needles and cones?

pine

With an elevation of some 14,115 feet, this peak in the Rocky Mountains' Front Range is not one of Colorado's highest, but it has become one of the area's most widely known due to its location and easy accessibility. Its summit is easily accessible by trail, cog railway, or by automobile which is the case during the peak's annual International Hill Climb race. Identify this peak located near Colorado Springs, Colorado.

pines peak

They are members of the families Nepenthaceae and Sarraceniaceae. They typically have deep cavities that contain digestive liquids. Identify this form of carnivorous plant, named for their container-like appearance.

pitcher (plants)

This disorder occurs because of an inherited mutation of the PAH gene. It is often cited as an example of pleiotropy and, if untreated, can lead to a variety of symptoms from intellectual disability to presence of a musty smell. Identify this genetic disorder, with a primary treatment plan that includes eating a diet with low levels of phenylalanine.

pku

Name, not symbol, required. Two ammonia ligands and two chlorine atoms are linked to this metal in a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. The standard hydrogen electrode is composed of and coated with a black powdery form of this metal. This metal is commonly found in catalytic converters. Name this valuable transition metal with atomic number 78 symbolized Pt.

platinum

Sponsored by Cosimo de' Medici [KAW-zee-moh deh MED-i-chee ], its members included Politian [poh-LISH-uhn], Cristoforo Landino [kree-STAWF-er-oh lan-DEE-noh], and Marsilio Ficino [mar-SEE-lee-oh feh-CHEE-noh]. What Florentine group, held scholarly discussions of classics and philosophy, in a recreation of an Athenian college?

platonic academy

The standard song meant to accompany this dance is in 2/4 time with four verses and a repeated chorus. Its defining characteristic is a hop or half-step that precedes the dance's first step. Identify this folk dance, which originated in Bohemia, but has been adopted by Polish-American immigrants.

polka

It is often done using namesake eight-strip tubes, and this process is regulated by enzymes such as Taq. It involves cycles of annealing and elongation. What is this laboratory method used to make many copies of a single DNA segment?

polymerase chain reaction

Ziegler-Natta catalysts are used to create these compounds, which are characterized by their molecular weight. These compounds can either be formed through step-growth or chain-growth mechanisms. Identify these materials exemplified by PVC and rubber, which are composed of repeating units called monomers.

polymers

This disorder is closely related to Angelman Syndrome, despite relatively distinct clinical presentations. It is typically the result of a deletion of a part of chromosome 15 passed down by the father. Identify this genetic disorder, which is an example of genomic imprinting, and typically results in intellectual disability, delayed physical development, and excessive hunger.

prader-willi (syndrome)

When proteins undergo this process, it is labeled "salting out." This process produces a white substance when silver nitrate mixes with a sodium chloride solution. Name this process in which a solid forms from a solution.

precipitation

Founded in 1746 and given its current name in 1896, this university's Nassau Hall was host to the Continental Congress for four months in 1783. Since then, the school has educated two U.S. Presidents: James Madison, and Woodrow Wilson, who also served as the university's president from 1902 to 1910. Identify the Ivy League university once known as the College of New Jersey.

princeton

He is the central character in the Völsunga Saga [vol-SOONG-guh SAH-guh] and the Nibelungenlied [NEE-buh-loong-uhn-leet]. He gains immortality by bathing in dragon's blood, and weds Kriemhild [KREEM-hilt] after using his cloak of invisibility to help her brother, Gunther. Name this subduer of Brünhild [BROON-hild] and hero of a Richard Wagner [RIKH-ahrt VAHG-nuhr] opera.

siegfried (sig-freed)

Originating in the Punjab region of India, this religion includes the Mul Mantar saying in its scripture, and its festivals and customs include Hola Mohalla, Nagar Kirtan [nah-GAR-KEER-tahn], and Vaisakhi [vuh-SOCK-ee]. Adherents of the Khalsa sect of this religion practice the five Ks, including uncut hair and carrying a dagger, and the most significant place of worship in this religion, or gurdwara, is the Golden Temple in Amritsar. What is this religion that is based on its holy text, the Adi Granth, and the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak?

sikhism

In ballistics, the range is proportional to the square of the initial velocity times this function of twice the initial angle. For a block on a ramp, the acceleration due to gravity down the ramp is given by mass times little g times this function of the ramp's angle. Name this trigonometric function given by the opposite over hypotenuse in a right triangle.

sine

The result of this conflict, the third of the Arab-Israeli Wars, was Israel's capture of the Sinai [SAHY-nahy] Peninsula, Gaza Strip, and West Bank. Give the name of the brief war, fought June 5th to June 10th, 1967

six day war

Though launched unmanned, it was first visited by a NASA crew of Paul Weitz, Joseph Kerwin, and Pete Conrad. Before reentering Earth's atmosphere, it was the site of three consecutive records for space endurance. Give the name of the spacecraft, launched into orbit in May 1973, as the United States' first space station.

skylab

An acceleration proportional to the difference of two masses over the sum of two masses occurs when two masses are attached to one of these devices in an Atwood machine. These devices only provide mechanical advantage when they are "movable" and they are coupled together in block and tackles. Identify these simple machines which convert tension into work and consist of a cable attached to a wheel and axle.

pulleys

The first exoplanets were discovered around one of these objects, B1257+12. Another of them was named for "little green men," largely due to the surprisingly regular emissions they generate. What is this term for stellar bodies that spin rapidly and give off electromagnetic radiation pulses at extremely regular intervals?

pulsars

Systems described in this branch of physics are non-deterministic, and thus, cannot be modeled with exact precision. Richard Feynman and Erwin Schrödinger were fundamental in explaining this set of phenomena. What is this term referring to the behavior of particles at very small scales?

quantum mechanics

These particles are subject to asymptotic [as-im-TOT-ick] freedom and can take on charges such as positive two thirds and negative one third. Baryons [BAR-ee-ons] and hadrons [HAD-rons] are made of combinations of these particles. Identify these fundamental particles, which include the "strange," "up," and "down" varieties.

quarks

As a lieutenant colonel, he orchestrated a military coup in 1987 that resulted in the appointment of Penaia Ganilau [PEE-NOU gan-EE-lou] as the first president of his island nation. Unhappy with Ganilau's rule, he led a second coup later that year, and in 1992 was named prime minister, a position he held until 1999. Name this former leader of Fiji.

rabuka

The use of this regime of radiation in astronomy was pioneered by Karl Jansky [JAN-skee] at sites like the Very Large Array. Commercial use of this radiation regime typically uses a carrier wave alongside amplitude or frequency modulation, and was pioneered by Guglielmo [goo-LYEL-maw] Marconi. Name this regime of electromagnetic radiation with the longest wavelength which is used to broadcast music to cars.

radio waves

Multiple answer required. A Monteggia [mahn-TEJ-uh] fracture involves the breaking of one of these bones, the one that has the olecranon [oh-LEH-kruh-nahn] process. The carpals articulate with these bones, which sit near the insertion point of the triceps. What two bones connect to the humerus, and make up the forearm?

radius and ulna

During this event, adherents partake in suhur [suh-HOOR], an early meal, in the morning and tarawih [TAR-uh-wee], or extra prayers, at night. Throughout the event, they closely read their holy book to commemorate its reveal to their religion's founder. After practicing sawm [SAHM] for approximately thirty days, they conclude with the holiday Eid al-Fitr [eed-al-fitter]. Name the holy month in Islam that occurs during the summer and encourages Muslims to practice fasting.

ramadan

Two-word term, not symbol, required. The Eyring-Polanyi [EAR-ring poh-LAN-yee] equation is used to calculate this quantity. The half-life of a first order reaction equals the natural log of 2 over this quantity. Identify this quantity symbolized little "k," which multiplies the concentrations of reactants in laws which characterize the speed of reactions.

rate constant

In addition to the main branch of these stars, there are also the AGB and clump varieties, all of which are large, but relatively low mass stars in the late phase of stellar evolution. Examples of these stars include Gacrux and Arcturus, and it is believed that the sun will one day be one of these stars. Identify these massive stars near the end of their life cycles, which are less hot than blue stars.

red giant(s)

The three types of this astronomical phenomenon are expansional, kinetic, and gravitational, with the highest value ever recorded being 11.1. Edwin Hubble was the first to describe this phenomenon in 1929, using it to show that almost all galaxies are moving away from Earth. In what phenomenon do the light wavelengths emitted get longer from an astronomical object as it moves away from us?

red shift

In organic chemistry, this process is equivocated with hydrogenation. The Nernst equation calculates a potential named after this process. This process takes place at the cathode of a galvanic cell. Name this process by which a species gains electrons, which is contrasted with oxidation.

reduction

As of July 2020, Liechtenstein is the only country whose leader rules under this form of monarchy. The country has been under such a system since 2004 when the Hereditary Prince Alois was granted the power to make day-to-day decisions by his father, Prince Hans-Adam the Second. What term refers to this system in which a country is under the rule of a leader appointed to govern in place of the reigning monarch?

regency

This drug is sold under the name brand Veklury and was developed by Gilead. It was originally developed as a possible treatment for hepatitis C, but proved unsuccessful. What is this antiviral medication investigated as a potential treatment for Ebola and COVID-19?

remdesivir

One word answer required. This period featured artists based in Florence, Venice, and Rome, including one whose greatest masterpiece highlighted well-known philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Identify this artistic period often classified as Northern or Italian, which featured many great artists including Albrecht Dürer, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci

renaissance

Designed by William Evenden and built from the timbers of a British Arctic exploration ship, it was given as a gift from Queen Victoria to President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1880. Though it was returned to the White House during the Jimmy Carter administration, it was first brought to its current location by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. Give the name of the iconic piece of furniture behind which most modern Presidents have sat while in the Oval Office

resolute desk

This historical event inspired four paintings by one artist that all hang in the rotunda of the U.S. Capitol Building, one of which appears on the back of the two-dollar bill. Another artist created his masterpiece based on this event, which depicts twelve men in a boat on an icy river hoisting the American flag. What is this historical event that inspired such artists as John Trumbull and Emanuel Leutze [LOYT-zuh]?

revolutionary war

A form of this literary device occurs when words are spelled similarly, but don't necessarily sound alike, as in "love" and "move." It is masculine when only one syllable matches, but feminine when two or more syllables sound alike. Name this sound device, which is true for the words "crow" and "slow."

rhyme

This literary device is imperfect if two words are spelled similarly, but have different vowel sounds. It is end or internal depending on where it falls in a poetic line, and masculine or feminine depending on the number of syllables involved. Give the name of this sound device, whose so-called "scheme" for a limerick is AABBA.

rhyme

This opera opens in the Duke of Mantua's palace, where the title character works as a jester. That protagonist orders the Duke's murder, but accidentally gets his daughter Gilda killed instead. Give the title of this opera by Giuseppe Verdi [juh-SEP-ee VAIR-dee].

rigoletto

Composed around 1500 BC and preserved orally for centuries until written down around 300 BC, it contains a collection of more than 1,000 poems grouped into ten mandalas. Including passages still used in weddings and prayers today, it is considered the world's oldest, continually used religious text. What is this sacred books of Hinduism?

rigveda

It contains the Cascadia subduction zone on its east and is marked by a large number of archipelagos. It overlaps geographically with the Pacific Rim. Give this term for the area of the Pacific Ocean with elevated levels of volcanic activity.

ring of fire

This man set several of his poems in Tilbury Town, based on his hometown of Gardiner, Maine. In a six-year period, he won three Poetry Pulitzers, for Collected Poems, The Man Who Died Twice, and Tristram, respectively. Identify this writer, best known for "Richard Cory" and "Miniver Cheevy."

robinson

This film's title character is a part-time debt collector for a Philadelphia loan shark. He nicknames himself the "Italian Stallion" and fights Apollo Creed in a U.S. Bicentennial-themed boxing match. Name this Best Picture Oscar winner written by and starring Sylvester Stallone.

rocky

Composers who worked during this era include Richard [REEK-ahrt] Strauss, Robert Schumann, and Gioachino [jaw-ahk-KEE-naw] Rossini. Nationalism arose during this period, which took inspiration from poetry and prized emotion and individuality. What was this era during which Mendelssohn and Tchaikovsky also worked?

romantic

In this musical era, composers created overtures and incidental music for folk tales, legends, and poems. The lied [LEED], nocturne, mazurka, and prelude developed, and emotionalism and nationalism flourished. Name the musical era of Chopin [shoh-PAN], Tchaikovsky [chi-KAWF-skee], and Wagner [VOG-nur].

romanticism

These tiny animals were first described by John Harris in 1696. While some are motile, others are sessile, and they also vary in whether or not they are colonial. What are these microorganisms sometimes known as wheel animals?

rotifer(s)

This Caribbean island consists of two cities: its capital, Christiansted, and its major commercial port of Frederiksted. What is the largest island of the U.S. Virgin islands?

saint croix (kroii)

The Treaty of Rijswijk [RAHYS-vahyk] allowed for the establishment of this colony when Spain agreed to cede the western third of Hispaniola in 1697. Give the name of this French colony, founded in modern-day Haiti.

saint-domingue

Pseudonym please. This writer created a talking cat in the story "Tobermory" and a young boy who worships a ferret in "Sredni Vashtar." Nicholas cleverly gains access to the title area in "The Lumber-Room," while a young girl convinces Framton Nuttel he has seen ghosts in the author's best-known work. Give the pseudonym of H. H. Munro, author of "The Open Window."

saki

This Afro-Cuban music genre was popularized by Puerto Rican musicians such as Eddie Palmieri and Tito Puente. It spread to Mexico and Latin America, but gained a larger following in mid-20th century New York City. What is this genre associated with singer Celia Cruz and guitarist Carlos Santana?

salsa

Recognized as the oldest state capital in the United States, this city was founded in 1610 by Governor Don Pedro de Peralta who moved his capital there from nearby San Juan Pueblo. Name this city of the American Southwest.

santa fe

This advocate of voluntarism [VAH-lun-ter-iz-um] earned a Ph.D. for his dissertation On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason. His later works include On the Will in Nature, On the Basis of Morality, and On the Freedom of the Will. Identify this opponent of Hegel [HAY-gul] and author of The World as Will and Idea.

schopenhauer

The final holder of this position was Kenneth C. Royall, and the position was ended with the passage of the National Security Act of 1947. Early holders of this position, under the Articles of Confederation, included Benjamin Lincoln and Henry Knox. Name this former cabinet position, that was responsible for leadership over the US military.

secretary of war

Name, not symbol, required. Two salts with this cation are used during the Kraft process to bleach wood pulp to make paper. This cation's hypochlorite makes up most of bleach, and this cation glows bright yellow during a flame test. Baking soda is composed of this cation attached to bicarbonate. Identify this cation which makes up table salt with the chloride anion.

sodium cation

In this novel, Paul Morel takes part in unfulfilling relationships with Clara Dawes and Miriam Leivers. He plunges into despair after his mother Gertrude's death, but tries to rebuild his life. Identify this semi-autobiographical novel by D. H. Lawrence.

sons and lovers

Among this playwright's seven fully surviving works are Philoctetes [fill-uk-TEE-teez] and Trachinian [truh-KIN-ee-un] Women. He is better known for Electra, Ajax, and a trilogy he set in his native Thebes. Identify the dramatist of Antigone [an-TIG-uh-nee] and Oedipus [ED-uh-pus] Rex.

sophocles

This dramatist, whose work was never voted last in the City Dionysia competition, was the first ancient Greek to use painted scenery. He retained the chorus, but decreased its importance by adding a third masked actor. Name the tragedian of Antigone [an-TIG-uh-nee] and Oedipus [ED-ih-pus] Rex.

sophocles

One painting from this country depicts the massacre of freedom fighters at the hands of Napoleon's French troops. In addition to that work, The Third of May 1808, another famous painting set in this country is a Cubist representation of the bombing of a small town by Nazi forces called Guernica [g-WHERE-nik-UH]. What is this country, the home of such artists as Francisco de Goya and Pablo Picasso?

spain

The ratio of the constant volume and constant pressure versions of this quantity defines the adiabatic [ay-die-uh-BAT-ick] index. The Dulong-Petit law states that this quantity equals three times the ideal gas constant over the molar mass for any solid. The heat lost by an object equals the mass of an object times this quantity times the change in temperature of the object. Identify this quantity symbolized "c" which characterizes the amount of energy necessary to increase the temperature of an object.

specific heat capacity

This phenomenon is increased in the hot chocolate effect, and in a fluid, this quantity is given by the square root of the bulk modulus over the density. This quantity is equal to Mach one, and Chuck Yeager was the first person to surpass this quantity, which is approximately 343 meters per second in air. Sonic booms are created when objects move faster than what speed, the velocity at which acoustic waves travel in a medium?

speed of sound

In addition to their better known division, these bacteria also include the Spirochetes such as the pathogen that causes Lyme disease. Those two main categories are similarly shaped, but vary in their rigidity. What is this type of bacteria, contrasted with rod and spherical bacteria?

spiral

It was derived from the quadrille and the cotillion, and was adopted by Appalachian settlers. It features a "caller" who gives cues to four dancing couples. Which social dance is accompanied by fiddles and banjos, and features steps like allemande and do-si-do?

square dance

They are members of the taxon Decapodiformes and typically have two tentacles and eight arms. These mollusks come in subtypes such as those referred to as giant and colossal. Identify these marine animals, consumed as the Japanese ika and Italian calamari?

squid(s)

The interactions in this model are explained using QED and QCD. It does not yet provide explanations for dark energy, dark matter, or gravity. Identify this model of particle physics, most up-to-date comprehensive explanatory model in the field.

standard (model)

One of these organisms has the scientific name Acanthaster planci, and it is also known as the crown-of-thorns one. These deuterostomes [dew-ter-o-stomes] can play important roles as keystone species, but others have led to widespread destruction of coral reefs. What are these marine animals, known for their distinctive five-pointed shape?

starfish

In addition to serving similar functions as citalopram, Vilazodone is a partial agonist of this neurotransmitter. It binds to 5-HT receptors and its reuptake is selectively inhibited by drugs such as Zoloft and Prozac. Identify this neurotransmitter involved in stability and mood, the target of SSRIs.

serotonin

A defeat at the Battle of Muye [MOO-yeh] brought this dynasty to an end. Its last capital, known as the Ruins of Yin, has yielded a wealth of archeological knowledge such as tombs, carvings and statues and the famous oracle bones. Name this Chinese dynasty, which preceded the Zhou [JOE] dynasty.

shang dynasty

Some 75 miles southeast of Pittsburgh lies this small borough of Somerset County, Pennsylvania, home to the Flight 93 National Memorial. Give the name of the borough that rose to international attention for its proximity to the September 11, 2001 crash of United Airlines flight 93, the only hijacked plane to not reach its target on that day.

shanksville

This type of wave is caused by disturbances in the pressure, or density, of a medium that travel faster than the speed of sound. In air, such a wave is heard as a sonic boom, or other cracking noise. What type of wave can be caused by supersonic jets, meteors, or explosives?

shock

This astronomical body is formally designated D/1993 F2. When it met its demise, this marked the first human detection of an extraterrestrial collision of astronomical bodies. Name this comet that crashed into Jupiter in July of 1994.

shoemaker-levy nine

Greeks called these goddesses the Moirai [MOY-rye], while Romans referred to them as the Parcae [PARK-eye]. Their individual Roman names were Nona, Decuma [day-KOO-mah], and Morta, while Greeks called them Clotho, Lachesis [LACH-uh-sis], and Atropos [AT-ruh-pahs]. Give the collective name for these three old women who spun, measured, and cut the thread of each mortal's life.

the fates

This material may, without diffusion, transition from austenite to martensite. Zinc is electroplated onto this material in a process called galvanization. A 9-volt battery can be used to ignite a "wool" made of what strong alloy of iron and carbon?

steel

This begins with a man placing a boombox on a stage. In it, singer David Byrne is seen wearing a suit that gets progressively larger as the film progresses. Which documentary, directed by Jonathan Demme, chronicles a concert by the Talking Heads?

stop making sense

This play is set in a corner apartment building that borders a street called Elysian Fields. Another important setting is Belle Reve--French for "beautiful dream"--the Mississippi family home that Blanche was forced to sell. Name this Tennessee Williams drama.

streetcar named desire

Cacti are examples of these plants, known for their ease of care, but not all of them are cacti. Examples of these include jade plants and aloe vera. What are these plants that contain thick leaves and retain water in arid climates or soil conditions?

succulents

It opened on November 17, 1869, allowing southbound vessels to enter at Port Said [sahy-EED], and creating the shortest maritime route to Asia from Europe. Name this north-south waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red seas through Egypt.

suez canal

This branch of a major world religion consists of four traditional schools of law: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali. While the other main branch argued that Ali was designated as the second major leader of the religion at Ghadir Khumm [gah-DEER-KOOM], this branch instead developed from the notion that the father-in-law of the main holy figure, Abu Bakr, should be elected. What is this largest denomination of Islam, based on the belief that Muhammad did not appoint a successor after his death?

sunni

Construction of this particle accelerator was canceled in 1993 due to lack of funding and interest. It was supposed to have a circumference of 87.1 kilometers and have a collision energy 20 times greater than any existing or planned machine. What particle accelerator, intended to be housed in Texas, was to be used to discover the Higgs-Boson particle?

superconducting super collider

Of Sigmund Freud's three agencies of human personality, this agency is said to develop in a child as a response to approval and punishment administered by the parent. Which of the three agencies of human personality is considered the personality's ethical component, and is the last to develop?

superego

These astronomical bodies are comprised of tens of thousands to billions of solar masses and can come in the more specific "ultra" variety. Examples of these include TON 618, M873 [M87-star], and Sagittarius A3 [A-star]. Identify this type of black hole, which is incredibly large and often exists at the centers of galaxies.

supermassive black hole

This astronomical term was coined in the early 1930s by Fritz Zwicky and Walter Baade. At their peak, these events have a luminosity as great as that of an entire galaxy, and they can be divided into types such as Types Two and One A. What is this term for the explosion of a large star, which can result in the formation of a neutron star or black hole?

supernova

Two-word answer required. The partial derivative of the Gibbs free energy with respect to this quantity yields the surface tension. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, the power emitted by a black body is proportional to this quantity times temperature to the fourth power. The heat leaving a surface is proportional to temperature difference times this quantity, according to Newton's law of cooling. Identify this quantity given by four pi times radius squared for a sphere which can be measured in square meters.

surface area

This architectural landmark sits on Bennelong Point, just east of Harbour Bridge. It took sixteen years to complete the building, which houses two concert halls of differing sizes. Give the name of this Australian performance venue designed by Jørn Utzon [YORN OOT-zuhn].

sydney opera house

At least one movement of this large-scale work is typically in sonata form. Dvorak [DVOR-zhahk] titled one of his "From the New World," while Beethoven used the nicknames "Pastoral" and "Eroica" for two of his. Identify this type of work, of which Haydn [HI-den] wrote more than 100.

symhphony

This early example of program music is subtitled Episode in the Life of an Artist. Its five movements contain a recurring theme, or ideé fixe [ee-DAY FEEKZ], inspired by the composer's unrequited love for Harriet Smithson. What is this interpretation of an opium dream, composed by Hector Berlioz [BEAR-lee-ohz]?

symphonie fantastique

A sports commentator might use this literary device if, in reporting a Reds victory, she says, "Cincinnati won by six runs." It is closely related to metonymy [muh-TAH-nuh-mee]. Identify this device in which a part stands for the whole, or vice versa.

synecdoche (sin eck duk kee)

The name of this term is thought to originate from the Spanish town in Andalusia, where this practice might have begun. They can be used by governments to create quotas for international trade. Name this term for taxes placed on imported goods.

tariffs

Early European explorations of this island were conducted by Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne [doo-FRAIN], Tobias Furneaux [fur-NOE], and James Cook, but it was named for a Dutch explorer that landed at Blackmans Bay in 1642. Its largest population center is Hobart, a coastal city located on the island's southeastern shore. What is this twenty-sixth largest island on earth, found off the southern coast of Australia?

tasmania

Some theorists categorize this aspect of music as a separate element, while others place it under the "rhythm" heading. It may be lento, andante [ahn-DAHN-tay], or presto. Give the word for the pace of a work's fundamental beat.

tempo

Taken on June 20, 1789 at the Jeu de Paume [joo duh pahm] in Paris, this vow swore members "not to separate and to reassemble whenever circumstances require, until the Constitution of the kingdom is established." Give the name of this vow taken by members of the Third State of France to stand in solidarity against King Louis the sixteenth.

tennis court oath

This Roman dramatist combined material from Menander to create works like The Self-Tormentor and The Mother-In-Law. He was born a slave in Carthage, but rose to become Rome's second-greatest comic playwright. Who also wrote The Eunuch, The Brothers, and The Andrian Girl?

terence

A resonant transformer produces visible electricity in one of this scientist's namesake coils. This scientist's induction motor brought this pioneer of alternating current into a War of the Currents with Thomas Edison. Identify this Serbian-American inventor who names the SI unit for magnetic field strength and whose name inspired an electric car company run by Elon Musk.

tesla

Some 85,000 troops carried out this series of attacks that began on January 31, 1968 and included the Siege of Hue, as well as simultaneous military campaigns across Southern Vietnam. Give the name of these attacks orchestrated by the North Vietnamese government during the Vietnam War.

tet offensive

The general categories of this musical element are monophony [muh-NAH-fuh-nee], homophony [huh-MAH-fuh-nee], and polyphony [puh-LIF-uh-nee]. Give the name of this element, which is concerned with the number of musical lines in a work and how they interact with each other.

texture

This story's narrator is the unnamed captain of a ship sailing in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. He rescues Leggatt, who claims to have murdered one of his shipmates aboard the Sephora during a storm. Identify this Joseph Conrad story.

the secret sharer

This novel's title character is the son of the Emperor and the Lady of the Paulownia [pah-LOW-nee-uh] Court. The author completed it around the year 1010, when she served as a lady in attendance at the Japanese court. Give the title of this work, which is generally considered to be the world's first novel.

the tale of genji

According to Noether's ]no-THIRRS] theorem, continuous translational symmetry with respect to this variable implies the conservation of energy. The impulse imparted on an object during a collision is given by the average force on the object times this quantity. Name this variable measured in seconds.

time

This play's title character uses a found pot of gold to help his friend Alcibiades [al-suh-BY-uh-deez]. After spending all his wealth, that protagonist retires to the woods, where he dies a bitter man. What is this late play of William Shakespeare?

timon of athens

This novel's title refers to a person who can fix anything--in this case, the protagonist's father, Howard Aaron Crosby. It is a series of hallucinations that former watchmaker George Washington Crosby experiences in the week before his death. Name this Pulitzer Prize winner, written by Paul Harding.

tinkers

At the time of its release, this film had the highest budget in history--over $200 million--and won eleven of the fourteen Oscars for which it was nominated. The first movie to gross over one billion dollars, it included the historical "unsinkable" Molly Brown, as well as fictional Jack Dawson and Rose DeWitt Bukater. Identify this James Cameron film, starring Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio.

titanic

Potassium permanganate [per-MANG-guh-nate] is often used in a redox [REE-docks] form of this process due to its drastic color change. The inflection point of curves named for this process defines the equivalence point. Name this volumetric lab technique which often uses a burette to find an unknown concentration of a solution from a known concentration.

titration

This proposed agreement began as an expansion of an agreement known as P4, signed in 2005 by Brunei, Chile, Singapore, and New Zealand. The agreement was signed on February 4, 2016 but failed to be ratified when the United States withdrew its signature in January 2017. Give the name of this proposed international trade deal, known as TPP.

trans-pacific partnership

Sometimes, this type of artwork has a base, known as a predella [pre-DEL-lah], below the central panel. Rubens's The Raising of the Cross and Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights are both examples. Give the word for an artwork, typically a panel painting, that is divided into three hinged sections.

triptych

Examples of this occurrence include Patau, Klinefelter, and Edwards syndrome. It can be the result of nondisjunction, and the best known instance of this occurrence happens with the 21st chromosome and leads to Down syndrome. What is this term for having one extra of a given chromosome, rather than the standard pair?

trisomy

This tragedy was based on Homer's Iliad and a medieval romance by Geoffrey Chaucer. In addition to the ill-fated romance between the title characters, it also depicts Hector's death at the hands of Achilles and his men. What is this Shakespearean play?

troilus and cressida

This ecological concept was developed by Raymond Lindeman. They include levels sometimes labeled one through five, and are denoted using terms such as autotrophs and heterotrophs. Give this term to refer to different levels of the food chains or webs that make up an ecosystem.

trophic (levels)

This verse collection was inspired by the poet's failed love affairs with a girl from his hometown, Temuco, and a classmate at the University of Santiago. The final canción [kahn-see-OHN] compares the speaker's failed relationship to an abandoned wharf. What is this best-known work of Pablo Neruda [nay-ROO-dah]?

twenty love poems and a song of despair

This organelle plays an important role in autophagy [aw-TOFF-uh-jee], and, if inflated, helps plant cells keep their turgidity. It plays a subordinate role in exocytosis [eck-soh-sigh-TOE-sus] and endocytosis [en-doe-sigh-TOE-sus] in animal and fungal cells, but plays a much more important role in plant cells and protists, where it helps maintain pH and homeostasis [hoh-mee-oh-STA What organelle stores waste and other substances in the cell?

vacuole

In Old Norse, the name of these beings meant "choosers of the slain." They wore helmets and shields as they rode horses onto battlefields, where they selected the slain warriors who were worthy of Valhalla. Brunhilde [broon-HILL-duh] is the most famous member of what Norse mythological group?

valkyries

Though a majority of these transport deoxygenated blood, the pulmonary and umbilical ones are exceptions. Extremely small ones of these are referred to as capillaries. Name these types of blood vessels that transport blood to the heart.

veins

Dedicated on November 13, 1982, this national monument in Washington D.C., was designed by architect Maya Lin and features nearly 58,000 names inscribed into black granite. Name this memorial to the U.S. armed forces who served and died in a war which lasted from 1955 to 1975.

vietnam veterans (memorial)

This sixteenth-century country house in the Veneto is sometimes called the Villa Almerico-Capra. It is modeled on ancient Roman temples, and features a dome over a central space and four striking facades. Identify this Vicenza [vee-CHEN-dzah] work, designed by Andrea Palladio [ahn-DRAY-ah puh-LAH-dee-oh].

villa (la) rotunda

It has frequency just higher than that of blue and indigo light. Name this color of the visible spectrum, which also comes in an "ultra" variety.

violet

These pathogens are the cause of potato spindle tuber disease and they typically infect plants. Unlike prions, which are misfolded proteins, they are composed of RNA. Give the term for these smallest known infectious agents.

viroids

Before discharging into the Caspian Sea, this river extends some 2,193 miles from its headwaters in the Valdai [vahl-DAHY] Hills, northwest of Moscow. Name this major river of Russia, the European continent's longest

volga

Term, not abbreviation, required. The energy of a charged particle moving in an electric potential is given by the charge times this quantity. Sparks occur when the breakdown variety of this quantity for air is surpassed, and the standard for this quantity in American homes is a root mean square average of 120. Identify this quantity, also referred to as EMF or "electric potential difference," which is symbolized V.

voltage

The AXE method can be used to calculate the steric number when using this theory. Unlike molecular orbital theory, the assumptions of this theory are not based on quantum mechanics. For some molecules with heavy atoms, this theory predicts classes like exotic seesaw and T-shaped. This theory predicts a bond angle of 109. Identify this theory which uses the presence of bonds and lone pairs to predict the geometry of a molecule.

vsepr theory

This building, which may have seen the first successful use of steel frame construction, has a façade that mixes brick with sandstone. Its ten stories and 1891 opening make it one of the world's earliest skyscrapers. Give the name of this collaboration between Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan.

wainwright (building)

This play, whose subtitle calls it, quote, "A Tragicomedy in Two Acts," takes place by the side of a road at an unspecified time. Throughout the play's two acts, Pozzo and Lucky interact with the dual protagonists, Vladimir and Estragon. What is this Samuel Beckett play?

waiting for godot

At a final summit held on July 1, 1991 in Prague, this international agreement was recognized as "nonexistent". The agreement originally established a mutual-defense agreement between eastern European nations, and first went into effect in May 1955. Give the name of this treaty, largely driven by the Soviet Union, and signed in the Polish city for which it's named

warsaw pact

A salt and this species are created during neutralization reaction between Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases. Multiplying Ka by Kb gives the auto-ionization constant of this amphoteric [am-fuh-TER-ick] species. At room temperature, the pure form of what compound has a pH of 7 by definition?

water

This compound is added across the two carbons in an alkene bond to form an alcohol in hydration reactions. It has a bent structure with a bond angle of 104.5 degrees, and is the quintessential example of a polar, protic solvent in chemistry. Give the chemical compound whose triple point and boiling point are used to define the Celsius temperature scale.

water

In China and Japan, this type of painting is called ink and wash or scroll painting. If the paint is mixed with whiting, it becomes opaque and is then called gouache [GWASH]. Which painting technique uses pigment ground in gum arabic and applied with a wet brush?

watercolor

A type of this quantity given by h over m c is named for Compton. De Broglie [BROH-glee] showed that the momentum of a particle equals Planck's constant over this quantity. Lambda symbolizes what quantity, the distance between two peaks of a wave?

wavelength

George Airy devised a linear theory describing these phenomena. These phenomena increase in height in a process known as shoaling, and these phenomena are separated into gravity and capillary forms. Highly periodic examples of these phenomena are called swells. Submarine earthquakes can lead to exceptionally large examples of what phenomena, such as the one that devastated areas around the Indian Ocean in 2004?

waves (tsunamis)

During this era of Germany history, the Great Depression and reparations called for by the Treaty of Versailles caused hyperinflation. The combination of these two factors eventually led to the rise of Adolf Hitler. Succeeding the Second Reich following the First World War, what was this government of Germany that existed from 1919 until 1933, when it was replaced by the Third Reich?

weimar republic

Historic figures who appear in this documentary include Carlos Santana, Joan Baez, and Jimi Hendrix. It intersperses concert footage with a look at the preparation and clean-up of a large-scale gathering in Bethel, New York. Identify this documentary, which shares its name with that 1969 music festival

woodstock

Homerun balls hit from this baseball stadium, once known as Weeghman Park, sometimes land on Waveland and Sheffield, avenues lying just beyond the ivy-covered brick walls of the park's outfield. What baseball stadium, known to many as the Friendly Confines, has long been home to the Chicago Cubs?

wrigley field

The Yangtze [YANG-SEE] River meets the Han River at this capital of Hubei [HY-BEY] Province, central China's most populous city. Identify this city associated with the December 2019 emergence of the COVID-19 virus.

wuhan

This word may refer to a child prodigy. Similarly, it may describe, quote, "one who succeeds in a competitive or highly difficult field or profession at an early age." What is this word, which combines the German words for "wonder" and "child"?

wunderkind

This novel opens with the narrator Lockwood learning the title manor's story from housekeeper Nelly Dean. The primary plot concerns Heathcliff's unrequited love for Catherine Earnshaw, who marries Edgar Linton instead. Give the title of this Emily Brontë novel.

wuthering heights

In 2016, the political party known as the CCP granted him the title of "core leader" and incorporated his name and political philosophy into the party's constitution, making him the first leader to receive both honors since Mao Zedong [MOU zuh-DAWNG]. Who has served since 2013 as the president of China?

xi jingping

Similar to the Chan school, this division of a major religion traces its origin back to Bodhidharma [BODE-ee-DAR-muh], who eventually passed his leadership on to Dazu Huike [DAH-zoo-HWAY-kuh]. It falls within the Mahayana sect and includes teaching stories called koans, and its followers practice methods of zazen by silently sitting with their legs crossed while controlling their breathing. Identify this school of Buddhism that emphasizes meditation and gives its name to gardens containing sand and rocks.

zen

This former division has since been broken into the Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. What is this paraphyletic group of fungi?

zygomycota

This portion of some proscenium stages was popular in Restoration playhouses. It is usually semicircular, and extends beyond the stage's curtain line. Identify this semicircular portion of a stage, which shares its name with something a maid or cook might wear.

apron

In pre-Christian times, this word referred to a large niche that held a temple's statue of a deity. In standard church plans, it is usually the end of the chancel, which locates it at the building's east end. Name this semicircular, vaulted part of a church.

apse

From 1973 to 1979, the Jesuit province of this country was led by superior Jorge Mario Bergoglio [hawr-HEY mawr-ee-oh BURG-oh-glee-oh]. Bergoglio would become the nation's highest ranking Catholic upon being named archbishop of Buenos Aires. Identify the South American country that was the birthplace of Pope Francis.

argentina

An electrophile [ih-LECK-truh-file] attacks a molecule with this property in a namesake class of reactions exemplified by the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Hydrocarbons without this property are called aliphatic [al-uh-FAT-ick]. Conjugated molecules with 4N+2 electrons have this property, according to Huckel's rule. Identify this stabilizing property resulting from the delocalized pi electrons in planar cyclic compounds like benzene, among other fragrant molecules.

aromacity

Section Three of this article defines treason, and how it is to be treated legally. Section 2 sets forth the types of cases that come under federal purview. Which article of the U.S. Constitution deals with the judicial branch of government?

article 3

This Roman goddess was the counterpart of the Greek Eos [EE-os]. Virgil used her name to refer to the east. Identify this goddess of the dawn, whose name now denotes the northern or southern lights.

aurora

The first accurate estimates of this quantity were made by Jean Perrin [zhahn peh-RAHN], who coined the name of this constant. Multiplying this constant by Boltzmann's constant gives the ideal gas constant. At STP, this is the number of atoms in about 22.4 liters of any gas. Equal to about 6 times 10 to the 23, name this constant named for an Italian chemist, the number of atoms in a mole.

avogadro's constant

This principle of art is either formal or informal. It typically relies on a horizontal or vertical axis, and deals with the distribution of visual weight. Radial, symmetrical, and asymmetrical are the three types of which design principle?

balance

Coined by O. Henry in his 1904 work Cabbages and Kings, this two-word term was invented to describe the fictional Republic of Anchuria, based on the real-world experience of the United Fruit Company's exploitation of Honduras. Give the phrase used by political scientists to describe countries whose economy is wholly dependent on exporting a single crop or other limited-resource product.

banana republic

In Telugu [TEL-uh-goo], a language spoken in southeastern India, this animal's name means "pig-rat." It names a southern Asian rodent species, as well as twenty-two species of Australian marsupials. Name this animal, which inspired the video game character known as Crash.

bandicoot

This artistic movement often focused on the representation of dramatic scenes, such as in The Death of Germanicus and The Massacre of the Innocents. In addition to those works by Nicolas Poussin [pooh-SIN], other artists exemplified this style with the depiction of light, such as in The Art of Painting, and its contrasts with shadows, shown in The Incredulity of Saint Thomas. What is this ornate artistic movement which includes such artists as Johannes Vermeer and Caravaggio that takes its name from the Portuguese term for a misshapen pearl?

baroque

These devices appear as two parallel lines of different lengths in circuit diagrams. Secondary devices of this type made of nickel and cadmium can be rechargeable, while the lead acid kind of this device is used in cars. Alessandro Volta created an early example of which devices that supply electrical power, whose types include double and triple A?

batteries

Prussian forces under the command of Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher [GEB-hahrd leeb-er-ekht vahn BLOO-cher] shared victory in this battle with British-led allied forces commanded by the Duke of Wellington. What was this battle, fought on June 18, 1815 in Belgium, remembered as the final defeat of Napoleon?

battle of waterloo

The so-called "hard" style of this jazz subgenre incorporated R&B and gospel elements. This first modern type of jazz was chromatic, used substituted chords, and allowed for complicated metrical improvisation. Name this style pioneered by Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, and Dizzy Gillespie.

bebop

Birds of the family Meropidae get their common name from their diet that consists largely of these animals. They are members of the clade Anthophila, are sometimes impacted by colony collapse disorder, and perform waggle dances. Identify these animals, known for their vital role in plant pollination and for their production of honey.

bees

Name, not formula, required. Naphthalene is composed of two fused examples of this compound, whose derivatives include aniline [AN-ul-in] and phenol. August Kekulé [OW-goost KAY-kuh-lay] proposed the structure of this compound after dreaming about a snake eating its own tail. A hexagon with a circle inside of it denotes what cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C6H6?

benzene

In 1904, the Kentucky legislature passed the Day Law, aimed at preventing this school from educating both white and African American students. Four years later, while upholding the law, the Supreme Court ruled that the school's activities could be legally limited by the commonwealth. Give the name of this college located in Madison County, Kentucky

berea (college)

The impetus for this event was the introduction of the German Deutschemark as official currency and the disruption of traffic on the autobahn. Involving military personnel from Great Britain, Australia, the United States, New Zealand, and Canada, the idea for this event was developed by General Curtis LeMay and had several codenames including Operation Pelican and Operation Vittles. Name this air campaign that included 200,000 flights and brought daily necessities to the people of West Berlin despite the Soviet Blockade?

berlin airlift

This novel's title character is unnaturally handsome, and his simple-mindedness imbues him with enough goodness to make him a Christ figure. John Claggart falsely accuses him of treason, and Captain Vere reluctantly sentences him to death. Identify this novel about a guileless sailor, written by Herman Melville.

billy budd

This portion of a paint's liquid vehicle adheres the pigment particles together. It also secures the paint film to the canvas or other surface on which it is applied. What is this art word, which sounds like a three-ring school supply?

binder

Walter diagrams can be used to describe these, and other systems of these were described by A. W. Kuchler. Examples include mangroves, chaparrals, and taigas. Give this term for the various types of ecosystems spread throughout the Earth, collectively making up the biosphere.

biome(s)

Beginning with the Battle of Stillman's Run on May 14, 1832, this brief but costly confrontation concluded just months later with the Battle of Wisconsin Heights and the Bad Axe Massacre. What was this bloody conflict fought between the United States and Native Americans led by the Sauk [sock] warrior for whom the war is named?

black hawk (war)

It is sometimes referred to medically as the vesica urinaria. It connects to the kidneys by way of the ureters. What is this major organ of the urinary system?

bladder(s)

Unlike other country music genres, this style features a large repertoire of religious songs, folk ballads, and square-dance tunes. A descendant of string-band music, it relies on a variety of string instruments, as well as close harmonies and a tenor lead singer. Name this style of Flatt and Scruggs, Ricky Skaggs, and Bill Monroe.

bluegrass

This element of dance allows a performer's ideas, emotions, and intentions to be communicated to an audience. The dancer feels it, while the audience sees it. Name the dance element that is made of breath, reflexes, and organs.

body

The van't Hoff equation characterizes how the equilibrium constant changes with respect to this quantity. This quantity is plotted on the x-axis of a phase diagram, and according to kinetic theory, this quantity characterizes the average speed of gas particles. Identify this quantity, whose absolute form is measured in Kelvin.

absolute temperature

The fission of one gram of an element in this group of the periodic table produces two times ten to the tenth power calories, two million times more energy than the equivalent in coal. The only two elements to have been used in atomic bombs are found in this group and since all of them are considered heavy metals they are toxic to humans. Name this group of elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 named after the first element in the series.

actinides

Though Myanmar and the Bay of Bengal lie to this nation's south, it is otherwise completely surrounded by states of India. Name this densely populated, South Asian country whose largest cities are Chittagong [CHIT-uh-gong] and its capital, Dhaka [DAH-kuh].

bangladesh

Examples of this specific two-word theatrical genre include Robert Browning's Pippa Passes and Lord Byron's Manfred. What phrase describes a play that is meant to be read, but not performed?

closet drama

The title location of this opera is a dark, chilly fortress with seven doors that hide uncomfortable secrets. Judith demands her new husband allow her to open the doors and, after finding the bodies of his first three wives, becomes his fourth victim. This is the plot of what one-act expressionist opera by Béla Bartók [BEY-luh BAHR-tok]?

duke bluebeards castle

An alkoxide [al-COCK-side] is added to an alkyl halide to form one of these compounds in the Williamson synthesis. A cyclic ring of these compounds are used as phase transfer catalysts and are known as the "crown-" form of these compounds. Identify this functional group consisting of an oxygen bridging two aryls [ER-uls] or alkyls [AL-kuls], whose diethyl [die-EH-thul] variant was formerly used as an anesthetic.

ethers

Édouard Manet [man-AY] created a work depicting this type of event in which the bottom right of the image shows the participants standing in a small, green grove of trees with multiple Parisian buildings in the background. In another work by El Greco, the bottom half of the painting depicts this event while the top half represents heaven. What is this ceremony depicted in paintings such as The Burial of the Count of Orgaz and A Burial at Ornans?

funeral

One example organism from this kingdom is tremella, also known as White wood ear. These are heterotrophs and frequently play the ecological niche of decomposers. Identify these organisms that include molds and mushrooms.

fungi (fungus)

Geoffrey Chaucer is believed to have played an early role in their naming, and as many as 100,000 of these make up the structure Laniakea. They come in various types, including spiral and elliptical. Identify this term for a collection of stars that typically orbit around a central point, examples of which include our own Milky Way.

galaxies

This music genre emerged simultaneously with jazz, ragtime, and the blues, and was also influenced by Black spirituals. It was key to the development of both soul and R&B, and helped make the careers of Sister Rosetta Tharpe and Mahalia Jackson. Give the name of this rhythmic sacred music, which evolved from call-and-response music in rural Southern African American churches.

gospel

Established by Executive Order 11085 on February 22, 1963, this award was first presented to recipients on December 6, 1963 in a special White House ceremony led by President Lyndon B. Johnson. During the 2020 State of the Union address, President Donald Trump controversially presented the award to Rush Limbaugh. Give the name of this decoration, awarded to individuals chosen by the president of the United States, and considered one of the highest awards a United States civilian can receive.

presidential medal of freedom

Because of their massive variety, these bacteria were named for the Greek god Proteus. They are gram-negative and often engage in genetic transformation. Give this term for this group of bacteria first recognized by Carl Woese, referring to "purple bacteria and their relatives."

proteobacteria

Name, not symbol, required. A class of solvents such as DMSO are named for their inability to produce this ion. This ion is donated by acids in Bronsted-Lowry theory, and hydronium [high-DROH-nee-um] is created when this species binds to water. H+ is equivalent to what subatomic particle found alongside neutrons in atomic nuclei?

proton

In this work, seven terraces each represent one of the Seven Deadly Sins. A mountain trembles as each soul cleanses itself of sin in order to ascend to Heaven, which the author describes in the next part of the epic poem. What is this middle section of Dante's Divine Comedy?

purgatorio

This play opens with a jet plane flying over a beach where a married couple is arguing, shortly before they encounter another strange couple coming out of the ocean and, out of fear, lay on their backs to indicate submission. Upon realizing that the others are not a threat, the married couple, Nancy and Charlie, discuss topics such as love and evolution with the lizard creatures, Leslie and Sarah, and eventually offer their help to adjust to life on land. What is this 1975 Pulitzer Prize-winning play by Edward Albee?

seascape

Lying about 100 miles northeast of Tunisia, this island is separated by the Strait of Messina from the Italian mainland. What is the largest island located in the Mediterranean Sea?

sicily

This work's Supplement was compiled posthumously from the author's commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences. The entire work is a compendium of questions meant to prove God's existence. Give the Latin title of this work by Saint Thomas Aquinas.

summa theologica

Abrikosov [ah-BRICK-uh-sawf] vortices in these materials can lead to flux pinning. YBCO was the first "high-temperature" example of these materials to be discovered. Name these materials, which exhibit zero electrical resistance at low temperatures.

superconductors

This eight-letter word entered Middle English from Middle Latin, and ultimately derives from the Latin word for "word." What eight-letter word means to use exactly the same words that were spoken by someone?

verbatim

After making various attempts at promoting temperance, she believed she was instructed by God to bring her own form of justice. Committed to her belief that alcohol was evil, she even celebrated the assassination of William McKinley because she believed him to be a drinker. Who was this axewielding prohibitionist that travelled to taverns, destroying barrels of liquor?

(Carrie) Nation

This writer incorporated his own epilepsy, Christian mysticism, and hard labor in a Siberian prison camp into some of his works. He made Prince Myshkin a Christ figure in The Idiot, and wrote of three disparate siblings in The Brothers Karamazov [kah-rah-MAH-zahv]. Name this creator of the repentant murderer Raskolnikov [rah-SKAHL-nih-kawf] in Crime and Punishment.

(Fyodor) Dostoyevsky

Designated an instructor of swordsmanship at the Mounted Service School, he designed the U.S. Model 1913 Enlisted Cavalry Saber, a sword now named for him. As commander of the U.S. Seventh and Third Armies during World War Two, his tough and disciplined personality earned him the nickname "Old Blood-and-Guts." Who was this U.S. Army General?

(George) Patton

This man, who converted to Roman Catholicism at Oxford and joined the Jesuit order, wrote, "The world is charged with the grandeur of God." He memorialized five Franciscan nuns who died when their ship capsized in his poem "The Wreck of the Deutschland" [DOYTCH-land]. Who wrote, "Glory be to God for dappled things," in "Pied Beauty"?

(Gerard Manley) Hopkins

This man's Il Filostrato [eel fee-lo-STRAH-tow] and Teseida [tess-AY-ee-duh] inspired Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde [kris-AYD] and "The Knight's Tale." His most famous work, whose title means "Ten Days' Work," follows ten friends who escape to the countryside to avoid the plague. Identify the Italian humanist poet of the Decameron [dih-KAM-er-uhn].

(Giovanni) Boccacio

This man wrote the short story "Sonny's Blues," as well as the play Blues for Mister Charlie. A Guggenheim Fellowship allowed him to live in France, where he explored American racial tension in The Fire Next Time and Notes of a Native Son. Who drew on his own strict Christian upbringing for his debut novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain?

(James) Baldwin

During the George W. Bush administration, he served as undersecretary of the state, led the administration's Proliferation Security Initiative, and from 2005 to 2006, served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. In March 2018, he was announced as the successor to General H.R. McMaster as the Trump administration's national security adviser. Name the author of a 2020 memoir, highly critical of the Trump presidency, titled The Room Where It Happened.

(John) Bolton

In The Economic Consequences of the Peace, he argued against requiring Germany to pay harsh monetary reparations. He advocated for countercyclical spending by the government in order to stimulate economic growth. Name this father of modern macroeconomics, whose greatest work was "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money."

(John) Keynes

This man's painting The Declaration of Independence can be found on the back of the two-dollar bill. As a poet, he attacked Yale's educational methods in The Progress of Dulness. Name this member of the Hartford Wits, perhaps best known for the mock epic anti-Tory poem M'Fingal.

(John) trumbull

This law explains why Neptune takes longer to orbit the Sun than all other planets, as being a function of its distance from that star. It was developed to improve the accuracy of Copernicus's heliocentric model. What law of planetary motion states the proportionality of the square of the orbital period of an astronomical body and the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit?

(Kepler's) Third Law

The viscosity of air accounted for a one percent error in this experiment, which utilized Stokes' Law for drag in its calculations. In the cylindrical apparatus used in this experiment, a current through two parallel plates balanced the gravitational force on atomized particles of the namesake liquid. Name this experiment in which the charge of an electron was calculated by Robert Millikan.

(Millikan) Oil drop experiment

In 1805, Napoleon's sister appointed this man director of music at Piombino [pyohm-BEE-noh]. He commissioned Berlioz [BEAR-lee-ohz] to write Harold in Italy, but never played its viola solo. Who was this composer of 24 Caprices, who made his fortune as a touring violin virtuoso?

(NICCOLO) PAGANINI

This poet edited The Dayton Tattler, a newspaper that his classmate Orville Wright published. He profiles African-American life in Oak and Ivy, and opposes Jim Crow laws in "We Wear the Mask" from Majors and Minors. Who was the "black poet laureate," author of Lyrics of the Lowly Life?

(Paul Laurence) DUnbar

This co-founder of the Playwrights' Company won a Biography Pulitzer for Roosevelt and Hopkins. Before that, he earned three Drama Pulitzers, for Idiot's Delight, Abe Lincoln in Illinois, and There Shall Be No Night, respectively. Name the playwright of The Petrified Forest.

(Robert) Sherwood

A member of the Whig Party, this British politician served in the House of Commons from 1701 until his resignation in 1742. In return for his resignation, he was granted nobility as the Earl of Orford, and appointed to the House of Lords, a position he held until his death in 1745. Who was this first, and longest serving, Prime Minister in British history?

(Robert) Walpole

A lake that bears his name can be found straddling the borders of Vermont, Canada, and New York. The scope of his exploration in the northeastern portion of the North American continent earned him the moniker "Father of New France." Who was this French explorer, the founder of Quebec City?

(Samuel de) Champlain

Like Schopenhauer [SHO-pun-how-er], this thinker was a vehement opponent of fellow philosopher G. W. F. Hegel [HAY-gul]. Among his mid-19th-century publications were Stages on Life's Way, The Concept of Anxiety, and Fear and Trembling. Who was this forerunner of Existentialism and author of Either/Or?

(Soren) Kierkegaard (keer-kuh-gard)

This office was created in 1478 by a Papal Bull issued by Pope Sixtus the Fourth and would not be officially abolished until 1834. Controlled by the monarchy and initially intended to preserve religious orthodoxy, the office later adjudicated cases of witchcraft, free-masonry, and bigamy, but is known mostly for its activities in Castile and Andalusia. What is this campaign created by Ferdinand and Isabella to insure Catholic orthodoxy, increase royal political authority, and weaken the opposition?

(Spanish) Inquisition

This playwright divided his Coast of Utopia trilogy into Voyage, Shipwreck, and Salvage. One of his first plays, which premiered at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, adapted a Shakespearean tragedy into an absurdist, existential tragicomedy. Who wrote Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead?

(Tom) Stoppard

This character, who believes that everyone who is "well liked" can achieve the American Dream, escapes reality through flashbacks and an affair with an unnamed woman. He alienates his sons-- one who follows in his career footsteps, and another who wants to live a simple life in the country. Name the tragic hero of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.

(Willy) Loman

In this physicist's paper, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, from his annus mirabilis [ANN-us meer-AB-uh-lus] of 1905, this physicist proved that the speed of light is constant in all reference frames. This physicist names a set of ten "field equations" describing gravity. Name this German physicist who formulated special and general relativity and who famously showed that E equals m c squared

(albert) einstein

He was elected governor of Georgia in 1882, sixteen years after he had been denied a seat in Congress upon being elected by the state to the United States Senate. Who served as vice president of the Confederate States of America?

(alexander) stephens

This battle was preceded by a U.S. and Canadian naval bombardment of enemy fortifications and was codenamed Operation Chromite. Designed to stop the Communist advance south, the battle called for an amphibious landing behind enemy lines and allowed for the severing and disruption of enemy supply lines. Name this 1950 battle where American forces commanded by Douglas MacArthur defeated North Korean forces and turned the tide of the Korean War

(battle of) inchon

Fought on September 13, 1759, this battle resulted in the deaths of generals James Wolfe and Louis-Joseph de Montcalm [lwee zhaw-ZEF mawn-KALM, the respective commanding officers of the British and French forces. Identify this battle of the French and Indian War in which the French were decisively defeated and were forced to surrender one of their major fortress cities to the British.

(battle of) quebec

At the conclusion of this battle, the Confederate armies returned to Corinth, Mississippi without General A.S. Johnson who had been mortally wounded on the battle's first day. What American Civil War battle was fought in the woods of southwestern Tennessee on April 6 and April 7, 1862?

(battle of) shiloh

This opponent of Rationalism titled his first major work A Treatise of Human Nature. Like Locke and Hobbes, he was an Empiricist, but he carried the philosophy to its extreme: Skepticism. Give the name of this thinker, whose best-known work is likely An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.

(david) hume

This writer, whose most recent plays are The Penitent and Bitter Wheat, satirized Hollywood in Speed-the-Plow. A junk store owner plans to steal a valuable coin he mistakenly sold in his play American Buffalo. Give the name of this playwright, who won a Pulitzer for Glengarry Glen Ross.

(david) mamet

Henry Moseley revised a diagram created by this scientist based on atomic weight. This scientist predicted ekasilicon [eck-uh-SIL-ih-kon] and ekaboron [eck-uh-BOR-on], which are now known as germanium and scandium. A dream inspired what man to place the elements into eight groups, a man who was a Russian chemist credited with the modern periodic table?

(dmitri) mendeleev

This general directed a successful landing at Inchon, but Chinese forces drove his troops back. Harry Truman experienced a temporary loss of public support after firing this man. Identify this general, who promised to return after Japanese forces drove him from the Philippines.

(douglas) macarthur

This poet of Deaths and Entrances was born in a suburb of the port city Swansea. He spoofed the title of a James Joyce work in his own Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog, and also wrote the radio play Under Milk Wood. Who wrote perhaps the English language's finest villanelle: "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night"?

(dylan) thomas

Having previously served as Director of the Peace Corps and president of the United Way of America, she was chosen in 2001 to serve in the George W. Bush administration as Secretary of Labor. Eight years after leaving that office, she returned to the presidential cabinet as Secretary of Transportation under President Donald Trump. Identify this Asian-American Republican and wife of Senator Mitch McConnell.

(elaine) chao

This man's most recent design is D.C.'s Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial. His Santa Monica residence, Barcelona's Olympic Fish, and L.A.'s Walt Disney Concert Hall are among his most famous works. Name the architect of Seattle's Museum of Pop Culture.

(frank) gehry

This Classical Era musician was responsible for the Russian, Prussian, and Sun Quartets. Nicknamed "Papa," he also received the epithet "father of the string quartet." Identify the composer of the Surprise Symphony.

(franz) haydn

Motifs that frequently occur in this artist's work include hair, ribbons, and personally significant animals. She painted both My Birth and Henry Ford Hospital shortly after experiencing a miscarriage. Name this artist, who also depicted herself with her husband Diego Rivera.

(frida) kahlo

Shortly before succumbing to mental illness, this thinker published On the Genealogy of Morals and Twilight of the Idols. A forerunner of Existentialism, he claimed that not being born was best in The Birth of Tragedy, and later quipped, "God is dead." Name the author of Thus Spake Zarathustra [zar-uh-THOOS-truh].

(friedrich) nietzche (neech-uh)

This playwright helped establish blank verse as his country's dramatic medium with Don Carlos. His other dramas included the Wallenstein [VAHL-uhn-shtyn] trilogy, Maria Stuart, and Wilhelm [VIL-helm] Tell. Who was this poet of "Ode to Joy" who, with Goethe [GER-tuh], led the Sturm und Drang [shtoorm oont DRAHNG] movement?

(friedrich) shiller

This man published the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold the same year he earned the Nobel Prize for Literature. A variety of dictators inspired the title character of The Autumn of the Patriarch, while his parents' courtship gave rise to Love in the Time of Cholera. Identify this magic realist author of One Hundred Years of Solitude.

(gabriel) garcia marquez

This poet included verse inspired by her mother's death in the collection Tala. Tenderness dealt with motherhood and childhood, and expressed a more hopeful attitude than the poems in her earlier collection Desolation . Who was this teacher and diplomat, the first Latin American recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature?

(gabriela) mistral

As vice president, he cast a tie-breaking vote in the United States Senate that prevented an amendment to the Treaty of Paris promising future independence to the Philippine Islands at the close of the Spanish-American War. Elected to the office in 1897, he was the United States' 24th vice president and served until his death in 1899. Identify the first of President William McKinley's two vice-presidents.

(garret) hobart

After dropping out of college, this performer began his career as a dance teacher before moving to New York City, where he had small roles in the Broadway musicals Leave It to Me! and One for the Money. He achieved fame with his performance in Pal Joey and went on to make his film debut in For Me and My Gal, and he secured his reputation as a film star with dancing roles in Anchors Aweigh and On the Town. Name this American dancer and film star, best remembered for his starring roles in An American in Paris and Singin' in the Rain.

(gene) kelly

This composer of Cuban Overture wrote Concerto in F for orchestra and solo piano. He wrote the music for the Broadway show Girl Crazy, which featured the songs "Embraceable You" and "I Got Rhythm." Give the name of this composer, who combined jazz and classical elements in Rhapsody in Blue.

(george) gershwin

This man's first architectural commission was the remodeling of Rome's Church of Santa Bibiana [bee-bee-AH-nah]. He also designed the Cornaro Chapel in another Roman church, but is better remembered for a series of columns. Name the architect of the colonnade that encloses the piazza beside St. Peter's Basilica.

(gian lorenzo) bernini

Due to its electrophilicity [ih-leck-TROH-fih-lih-suh-tee], boron trifluoride is a common example of a class of compounds named for this scientist. Formal charge is used to help create diagrams named for this scientist who devised valence bond theory. Electron acceptors are referred to as this chemist's namesake acids. Identify this American chemist who names a set of "dot diagrams" representing covalent bonds in molecules.

(gilbert) lewis

This poet, whose unnamed love was known only as La Fiammetta [fyah-MAY-tah], inspired Chaucer's "Franklin's Tale" with his novel Il Filocolo [eel fee-LAW-kah-law]. His Il Filostrato [eel fee-LAW-strah-taw] gave rise to Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde [krih-SAYD], while his masterpiece has a name meaning "ten days' work." Who was this humanist author, who included one hundred stories in the Decameron [duh-KAM-uh-rahn]?

(giovanni) Boccaccio

A British celebration sometimes called Bonfire Night is most commonly named for this soldier-turned-conspirator and is celebrated each year on November the fifth. Identify the English Catholic arrested beneath Westminster Palace in 1605 while guarding explosives intended to be used in the failed Gunpowder Plot.

(guy) fawkes

This man's poems were adapted into folk songs by such composers as Robert Schumann, Franz Schubert, and Felix Mendelssohn. He divided his Book of Songs into five sections, including "Youthful Sorrows" and "The Homecoming." Give the poet of Germany: A Winter's Tale and "The Lorelei."

(heinrich) heine

His early work focused on phosphorescence, terrestrial magnetism, and the absorption of light by crystals. His most famous discovery was inspired by a conversation with Henri Poincaré, and the work of Wilhelm Röntgen on X-rays. Who is this physicist who shared a 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with Marie and Pierre Curie, for work on radioactivity?

(henri) becquerel

This artist incorporated a conventional pose and dress into the portrait The Woman with a Hat, but also used a shockingly bold color palette. Those bright hues also found their way into Joy of Life and Blue Nude. Give the name of this avant-garde painter of The Dance.

(henri) matisse

He volunteered with a French ambulance unit during the Franco-Prussian War before participating in a British military survey of Palestine. A participant in both the Mahdist war and the Second Boer War, he would command the Army of India before returning to Egypt as British agent and Consul General and later Secretary of State for War during World War One. Who was the British Field Marshal who was involved in both the Battle of Omdurman and the Fashoda incident?

(herbert) kitchener

In his 1921 work, Psychodiagnostics, he first published the results of numerous studies in which his patients were asked "What might this be?" when asked to interpret ambiguous stimuli in the form of inkblots. Identify this influential, Swiss psychiatrist.

(hermann) rorschach (rawr-shak)

This vessel was captained by James Richard Dacres when it was captured and burnt by US Naval forces on August 19, 1812, following a battle in which the victorious ship earned the nickname "Old Ironsides". Name the British frigate remembered for its decisive loss to the USS Constitution during the War of 1812.

(hms) guerriere

Though this team was part of Major League Baseball's National League for its first 51 seasons, it moved to the American League in 2013, capturing the league's pennant in 2017 and 2019. In early 2020, the team's general manager, Jeff Luhnow, and manager, A.J. Hinch, were both suspended for one year following confirmation the team committed illegal sign stealing during their 2017 World Series win. Give the name of this American professional baseball team who plays its home games in Texas's Minute Maid Park.

(houston) Astros

This novelist won a Whitbread Award for The Child in Time and a Booker Prize for Amsterdam. His best-known novel examines the consequences of thirteen-year-old Briony's [BRY-uh-neez] accusation against Robbie Turner. Who wrote Atonement?

(ian) mcewan

This man's architectural firm designed the five-sided control tower seen at airports throughout the U.S. He was also responsible for Harvard's John F. Kennedy Memorial Library and Boston's John Hancock Tower. Name this architect of Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

(ieoh ming) pei

He celebrated his conversion to Buddhism with Desolation Angels, and fictionalized his journey to the title location in Big Sur. He chronicled the Beat Movement in The Subterraneans and The Dharma Bums. Identify the creator of Sal Paradise in On the Road.

(jack) kerouac

The equality of mixed partial derivatives of the free energy implies a set of sixteen thermodynamic relations named for this physicist. This physicist names a distribution characterizing the velocities of ideal gas particles with Ludwig Boltzmann. An intelligent microscopic being which decreases the entropy of a system is known as this scientist's namesake "demon." Identify this Scottish physicist who also names the set of four equations which govern electromagnetism.

(james clerk) maxwell

This man's On Physical Lines of Force included his derivations of the electromagnetism equations that now bear his name. His "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" was another step toward his most important achievement. What scientist and mathematician unified electricity and magnetism for the first time?

(james clerk) maxwell

During his second term as Governor of Ohio, he was nominated as the Democratic candidate for President, but lost to a fellow Ohio newspaper publisher in a landslide. His running mate in that election was a young future president, Franklin Roosevelt. Name this politician who lost the 1920 presidential election to Warren G. Harding.

(james m) cox

In addition to charting Tonga and Easter Island, this navigator discovered South Georgia island, New Caledonia, and the South Sandwich Islands. As commander of the HMS Endeavour, he had charted all of New Zealand before landing on the coast of Australia. Identify this British explorer.

(james) cook

This man's time as a naval historian inspired his novels Hawaii and The Source. He also won a Pulitzer Prize for a short story collection that inspired a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical. Identify the author of Tales of the South Pacific.

(james) michener

This artist, who once painted two ale cans bronze, celebrated the crosshatch technique in Corpse and Mirror Two. He used newspaper and fabric dipped in encaustic to create the texture of 1955's Target with Four Faces. Identify this artist known for his varying treatments of the American flag.

(jasper) johns

This man, whom Cocteau [kawk-TOH] called the, quote, "black prince of letters," wrote the novel Our Lady of the Flowers while he was imprisoned for theft. Among his most renowned plays are The Screens, The Maids, and The Balcony. Who examined stereotypes and racial prejudice in his play The Blacks?

(jean) genet

This author of Discourse on the Arts and Sciences became estranged from his friend Denis Diderot [duh-NEE dee-duh-ROH] after publishing Discourse on Inequality. He expounded on education in Emile, but another of his works strongly influenced the French Revolution. Which Enlightenment philosopher was responsible for The Social Contract?

(jean-jaques) Rousseau

This subject of the film biography Till the Clouds Roll By wrote the standards "The Song is You" and "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes." "The Way You Look Tonight," "All the Things You Are," and "The Last Time I Saw Paris" are other examples of his work. Name the composer of "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" and "Ol' Man River" from Show Boat.

(jerome) kern

This choreographer, one of few to bridge the gap between classical and popular dance, served as the New York City Ballet's associate artistic director. High Button Shoes and Fancy Free proved less popular than Gypsy and Fiddler on the Roof. Name this man remembered for choreographing West Side Story.

(jerome) robbins

A parody ad of an interview with this religious leader published in 1983 led to a lawsuit which culminated in a landmark Supreme Court decision five years later, in which the court ruled unanimously that parodies of public figures that cannot be reasonabl Name this evangelical founder of Liberty University and the Moral Majority.

(jerry) falwell

His perfect game against the New York Mets on June 21, 1964 was the first for a National League pitcher in over 80 years. Two years after being inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, he was elected to the United States Senate, filling the seat of then-Senate Minority Whip Wendell Ford. Identify this former Kentucky senator who served in the senate from 1999 until 2011 when he was succeeded by fellow Republican Rand Paul.

(jim) bunning

This scientist names an equation in which atomic interactions and atomic volume are represented by the coefficients a and b, respectively. This scientist, who names a set of interactions exemplified by London dispersion forces, names an improved modification of the ideal gas law. Name this Dutch scientist who names a set of weak attractive intermolecular forces.

(johannes) van der waals

Three days after the sack of Lawrence in May 1856, he led the deadly, retaliatory raid known as the Pottawatomie [pot-uh-wey-tuh-mey] Massacre. In 1859, he was convicted of treason and executed for his leadership of the Harper's Ferry raid. Identify this abolitionist whose actions and death influenced the beginning of the American Civil War.

(john) brown

He was charged by the United States government for violating the Espionage Act of 1917 a month after he was arrested by the Metropolitan Police inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London. Identify the founder of the controversial media organization WikiLeaks.

(julian) assange (uh-sanj)

This author of "The Singing Lesson" and "The Daughters of the Late Colonel" was married to fellow writer John Middleton Murry. Class consciousness pervades most of her stories, including "The Fly," "The Doll's House," and "A Dill Pickle." Name the writer of the short stories "Bliss" and "Miss Brill."

(katherine) mansfield

In April 2020, Mark Meadows's first appointment as White House Chief of Staff was choosing this former Republican National Committee spokesperson to fill a position vacated by Stephanie Grisham. Who was chosen to serve in the Trump administration as the United States' 31st National Press Secretary?

(kayleigh) mcenany

In Arabic, this man's principal works included Spirits Rebellious and Nymphs of the Valley. His English masterpiece is a series of twenty-six poetic fables centering on Almustafa [ahl-moo-STAH-fuh]. Name this Beirut-born writer of The Prophet.

(khalil) gibran (ji-braan)

After his nephew Mordered fatally wounded him in battle, he traveled to the Isle of Avalon. He succeeded his father Uther Pendragon as king after he pulled a sword from a stone. Who was this husband of Guinevere and founder of the Round Table?

(king) arthur

The northernmost of the Western Rift Valley's lakes, this lake is located on the border of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Over 100 miles away lies Lake Victoria, a lake named for the wife of this lake's namesake. Identify this lake in Africa, named for a former Prince Consort of the United Kingdom.

(lake) albert

This creator of Jesse B. Semple first gained national attention by showing three of his poems to fellow writer Vachel [VEY-chuhl] Lindsay. He titled his first poetry collection The Weary Blues, but published his first poem, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," six years earlier. Identify this Harlem Renaissance writer of Montage of a Dream Deferred.

(langston) hughes

He served at the court of Olaf Tryggvason [trig-VAH-sohn], who converted him to Christianity. According to one saga, he was blown off course, landing on an unknown shore. What Norseman is often credited with being the first European to visit North America?

(lief) eriksson

This Roman author published the treatises On the God of Socrates, On Plato and His Teaching, and On the World. His masterpiece describes Lucius's restoration to human form and initiation into the cult of Isis. Give the author of The Golden Ass.

(lucius) apuleius

This man's final novel, The Labors of Persiles and Sigismunda: A Northern Story, was published posthumously in 1617. His masterpiece includes the characters of Rosinante [roh-see-NAHN-tay], Dulcinea [dool-see-NAY-ah], and Sancho Panza. Name the creator of would-be knight Don Quixote [kee-HO-tay].

(miguel de) cervantes

Though narrowly defeated by Silas Wright in a bid for Governor of New York in 1844, he was chosen four years later as the Whig Party's Vice Presidential nominee. He became the last Whig to become president, doing so upon the death of Zachary Taylor. Identify the United States' 13th president.

(millard) filmore

This author titled a series of his essays The Citizen of the World, or, Letters from a Chinese Philosopher. He portrayed rural life's economic difficulties in "The Deserted Village," and found immediate fame with the play She Stoops to Conquer. Name this writer, whose only novel was The Vicar of Wakefield.

(oliver) goldsmith

This writer introduced young private investigator Cordelia Gray in The Skull Beneath the Skin and An Unsuitable Job for a Woman. She earned the nickname "Queen of Crime" for a fourteen-novel series that begins with Cover Her Face and ends with The Private Patient. Name the creator of Scotland Yard detective Adam Dalgliesh.

(phyllis dorothy) james

This artist essentially included self-portraits in works where he depicted men in bowler hats. In The Treachery of Images, he placed the French translation of the sentence "this is not a pipe" under a painting of a pipe. Name this artist, who created the surreal image of a train emerging from a fireplace in Time Transfixed.

(rene) magritte

This literary Nobel Laureate wrote only three novels, including The Light That Failed and Captains Courageous. He wrote military poetry with "Gunga Din," and encouraged his son to manhood with the poem "If--." Identify the creator of Mowgli in The Jungle Book.

(rudyard) kipling

This creator of a dream sequence in the Hitchcock movie Spellbound collaborated with Luis Buñuel [boon-YWEL] on the film An Andalusian Dog. He explored what he dubbed "nuclear mysticism" in Crucifixion, and tried his hand at three-dimensional work with Mae West Sofa and Lobster Telephone. Identify this painter of Swans Reflecting Elephants, as well as the Surrealist masterpiece The Persistence of Memory.

(salvador) dali

This composer imitated radio air navigation for his Air Force commissioned piece "Symphony Number Two." He won the Pulitzer Prize for Music twice with the works "Vanessa" and "Concerto for Piano and Orchestra." Name the composer whose "Adagio for Strings" has been used to denote periods of mourning.

(samuel) barber

Among this man's avant-garde novels were Watt, Murphy, Molloy, and Malone Dies. Happy Days, Krapp's Last Tape, and Endgame made him a leader of the Theater of the Absurd. Name the creator of Vladimir and Estragon in Waiting for Godot.

(samuel) beckett

He was born in London, but soon immigrated to the United States and attained a job as a cigar maker. A vice president of the Cigarmakers Union until 1924, he supported the U.S. intervention in Cuba and the resulting Spanish-American War, but later joined the Anti-Imperialist League. Who was this labor leader who worked with the government to avoid strikes during World War One and most notably founded the American Federation of Labor?

(samuel) gompers

This architect of Brazil's Museum of Tomorrow is overseeing the construction of the Dubai Creek Tower, which is slated to become the world's tallest building. He designed what is likely the world's first twisted skyscraper: Sweden's Turning Torso. Identify this architect, who has also graced Dallas, Dublin, and Barcelona with bridges.

(santiago) calatrava

In this play, set in ancient Ephesus, Egeon [ee-JEE-un] is reunited with his long-lost wife Emilia. Their twin sons, both named Antipholus [an-TIFF-uh-luhs], meet face-to-face, along with their twin servants, both named Dromio. Identify this early Shakespearean comedy.

(the) comedy of errors

This long poem describes its title character as, quote, "strongly built and athletic, / Broad in the shoulders, deep-chested, with muscles and sinews of iron." It spotlights a Puritan love triangle populated by the title man, John Alden, and Priscilla Mullins. Give the name of this romance by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

(the) courtship of miles standish

This structure dates from the 7th century, making it the world's oldest Islamic monument still in existence. It sits atop the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, and is named for both the golden feature atop it and the sacred object it houses. What is this building, which allegedly sits on the spot where Abraham prepared Isaac for sacrifice, and where the Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven?

(the) dome of the rock

First performed in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1905, this dance was specifically requested by the ballerina who made it famous and performed it over 4000 times, and it has since inspired modern interpretations of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake. The dance takes its name from the thirteenth movement of the Camille Saint-Saëns [saint-SAHNS] suite The Carnival of the Animals, and it requires the ballerina to exhibit slow, gliding motions to represent the titular animal's demise. What is this solo dance, originally choreographed by Michel [me-shel] Fokine [foh-KEEN] for the Russian prima ballerina Anna Pavlova?

(the) dying swan

This epic states that the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flow from the eyes of the slain goddess Tiamat [TYAH-maht]. It explains how Ea slayed Apsu and fathered Marduk, who later became the chief god. Give the title of this Babylonian creation epic.

(the) enuma elish (ay-noo-mah ay-leesh)

The essays in this 1788 volume were first published individually in various New York newspapers. In them, the three authors, who all used the pseudonym Publius, argued against the Articles of Confederation and for the proposed Constitution. What is this collective work of John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton?

(the) federalist papers

This building was constructed because an acting company was barred from performing in Blackfriars Theatre. They illegally dismantled another structure known simply as The Theatre and built this new amphitheater with its timbers. What was this playhouse, which housed the premieres of many Shakespearean plays?

(the) globe

This novel opens with a recent prison parolee meeting itinerant preacher Jim Casy. It follows a family's migration from the Dust Bowl heartland to California. What is this Pulitzer-winning novel about the Joads, written by John Steinbeck?

(the) grapes of wrath

Despite its name, this architectural marvel also includes secure passes, as well as 25,000 watch towers. In terms of surface area and mass, it is the largest structure ever built, and the most extensive remaining portion stretches over 5,500 miles. Name this Asian fortification, which various dynasties constructed to protect their kingdoms from the Mongols.

(the) great wall of china

In this specific work, the protagonist sees the inscription, "Abandon all hope, you who enter here." He meets the lovers Paolo and Francesca, King Minos, and the three ultimate traitors: Judas, Brutus, and Cassius. Give the title of this first section of Dante's Divine Comedy.

(the) inferno

In this tragedy, the title character's daughter Abigail joins a nunnery, but dies in a group poisoning. Her father Barabas tries to betray both the Turks and Ferneze, the governor of the title island, but ultimately dies as a result of his treachery. Give the title of this Christopher Marlowe work.

(the) jew of malta

This story, which was originally published in The New Yorker, so offended readers that many canceled their subscriptions to the magazine. Based on the author's life in North Bennington, Vermont, it critiques small town rituals and values by depicting the violent title event. Name this story about Tessie Hutchinson's death by stoning, written by Shirley Jackson.

(the) lottery

The title character of this operetta is Pontevedrian citizen Hanna Glawari [glah-WAH-ree]. The work incorporates waltzes and imitation can-cans into its score, and ushered in a new era of Viennese operetta. Name this best-known work of Franz Lehár [LEY-hahr].

(the) merry widow

In 1954, Salvador Dalí executed a self-portrait as the subject of this Renaissance painting. Andy Warhol reproduced it using silk-screening techniques, and Marcel Duchamp [doo-SHAH] added a mustache to a reproduction of it. What is this Leonardo da Vinci portrait of a woman with a mysterious smile?

(the) mona lisa

This novel's narrator is Crabbe, but its protagonist is stockbroker-turned-artist Charles Strickland. The author loosely based it on the life of Paul Gauguin [go-GAN]. Name this W. Somerset Maugham work.

(the) moon and sixpence

The title academy in this novel is based on the Florida School for Boys, a racially segregated reform school. In a plot twist, the novel's protagonist reveals that he is really Turner, but has been living as his friend Elwood for over half a century. Name this recent Pulitzer winner by Colson Whitehead.

(the) nickel boys

This novel's characters include American tutor Harriet Winslow and Tomas Arroyo, a subordinate of Pancho Villa [VEE-yah]. The unnamed title character was based on writer Ambrose Bierce, who presumably died during the Mexican Revolution. Identify this Carlos Fuentes [FWEN-tays] novel.

(the) old gringo

Agrippa and Domitian both commissioned structures with this name, but both of those buildings burned down. The third, and only surviving, structure features a classical portico, as well as a concrete dome with an oculus. What is this Roman site, which served as a pagan temple and later as a Christian church

(the) pantheon

This Middle English writer popularized the bob and wheel, a short line that connects a four-line rhyming section to the rest of a stanza. He likely penned "Patience" and "Purity," but is known for a chivalric [shi-VAL-rik] poem profiling one of King Arthur's knights. Give the nickname for the poet of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

(the) pearl (poet)

This treatise advises the reader to use violence against self-governed republics. It weighs the pros and cons of using mercenaries, and encourages the audience to listen to the advice of wise government ministers. Identify this work addressed to Lorenzo de Medici by Niccolo Machiavelli [mah-kee-uh-VELL-ee].

(the) prince

This musical opens with one character, once called the "King of Broadway", disgraced after the failure of his musical Funny Boy, though he later comes up with a five step money-making scheme to raise more money than it costs to stage a play. That character, Max Bialystock, teams up with Leo Bloom to stage Springtime for Hitler, though their show is an unexpected success, and after some time in prison, they become Broadway stars. What is this musical adapted from a 1967 film of the same name, which currently holds the record for the most Tony Awards received by a single production?

(the) producers

This story is a vengeful answer to a tale in which a carpenter's wife humiliates him. In this story, Cambridge students Aleyn and John make a fool of the dishonest miller Symkyn. Name this Canterbury Tale.

(the) reeve (s tale)

Minor characters in this philosophical work include Glaucon, Polemarchus [poh-lee-MARK-us], and Cephalus [SEF-uh-luhs]. It introduces the author's theory of Forms through allegories of the sun, the line, and the cave, respectively. Give the title of this treatise by Plato.

(the) republic

This poetry collection's name derives from the Arabic for "four," and indicates that it is a series of quatrains. Its best-known images include a moving finger, a jug of wine, a loaf of bread, and a book of verses. Name this poetry collection attributed to the Persian astronomer Omar Khayyam [ki-AM].

(the) rubaiyat

This epic was based on the Book of Sovereigns, which was written in the ancient language of Pahlavi [PAH-luh-vee]. The poet completed its nearly 60,000 couplets, which he wrote for Sultan Mahmud [mah-MOOD] of Ghazni [GUHZ-nee], in 1010. Name this Persian national epic, written by Firdausi [feer-DOU-see].

(the) shahnameh (shaaa-naa-may)

Set in the fictional town of Excelsior, New Jersey, this play serves as an allegory to the life of mankind, including references to such events as the Ice Age, the Great Flood, and war in general. What is this Pulitzer Prize winning play by Thornton Wilder that focuses on the Antrobus family- George, Maggie, Gladys, and Henry- and their maid, Sabina?

(the) skin of our teeth

In this landscape, the painter unknowingly captured Venus as seen on June 19, 1889. It also depicts a sleepy village, complete with church spires and cypress trees. Name this collection of swirling, broken brushstrokes created by Vincent van Gogh.

(the) starry night

This novel, whose British title is The Outsider, begins, "Mother died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don't know." It follows Meursault [mur-SOH], who is put on trial for senselessly killing an Arab. Give the title of this novel by Algerian-French author Albert Camus [al-BEAR ka-MOO].

(the) stranger

It follows Bill Gorton, Robert Cohn, and other American expatriates as they drink their way through Parisian society to Spanish bullfights. The narrator, Jake Barnes, is tormented by his unrequited love for Lady Brett Ashley. Give the title of this Ernest Hemingway novel.

(the) sun also rises

This world landmark's name translates as "crown of palaces." It features a garden, gateway, and mosque, as well as a mirroring building and a mausoleum. Name this white domed and minareted building located approximately one mile from India's Agra Fort.

(the) taj mahal

This man's autobiographical writings include Lake Reminiscences and Sighs from the Depths. His masterpiece, which he initially published in London Magazine, warns the reader about the dangers of drug addiction. Who wrote Confessions of an English Opium-Eater?

(thomas) de quincey

This one-time editor of Philadelphia's Pennsylvania Magazine began a sixteen-pamphlet series with the sentence, "These are the times that try men's souls." He supported the French Revolution in The Rights of Man, but criticized organized religion in The Age of Reason. Give the name of this author of Common Sense.

(thomas) paine

This dramatist of The Trumpet Shall Sound earned a National Book Award for his novel The Eighth Day. He revised The Merchant of Yonkers into The Matchmaker, which inspired the musical Hello, Dolly! Give the name of this man, who won a Pulitzer Prize for his play The Skin of Our Teeth.

(thornton) wilder

Two years after he was appointed U.S. solicitor general by President Lyndon B. Johnson, he was nominated by Johnson to the Supreme Court and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 30, 1967. Serving on the court until his retirement in 1991, he earned the nickname "the Great Dissenter" for his passionate opposition to many majority Supreme Court decisions concerning issues of human and civil rights. Identify this American jurist who, earlier in his career, had argued such cases as Shelley v. Kraemer, Smith v. Allwright, and Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court.

(thurgood) marshall

This agreement, negotiated aboard the RMS Cornwallis, was signed on August 29, 1842 and resulted in the Qing [ching] empire ceding Hong Kong to Great Britain. What treaty officially ended the first Opium War?

(treaty of) nanjing

This choreographer studied under Merce Cunningham and Martha Graham, before starting a dance company of her own. She frequently uses popular music to stage her dances, as seen in the works "Movin' Out" and "Come Fly With Me." Which choreographer, a Kennedy Center Honoree, is famous for choreographing the films "Amadeus" and "Hair?"

(twyla) tharp

As a member of the National Action Party, he was elected governor of Guanajauto in 1995, and succeeded Ernesto Zedillo as president of his country in 2000. His election as president marked the end of more than seven decades of rule by the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Who served from 2000 to 2006 as president of Mexico?

(vicente) fox

This man founded The Architects Collaborative, which Harvard commissioned to design its graduate center. He was a leading International Style architect who collaborated on the Pan Am Building, which is now known as the MetLife Building. Who was this founder of Germany's Bauhaus [BOW (rhymes with "how") HOUSE]?

(walter) gropius

The signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle [eks-lah-CHAH-peyl] in 1748 formally ended this series of conflicts that began eight years earlier with Prussia's invasion of Silesia. Give the name used to refer to this series of wars and battles largely revolving around the death of the Holy Roman emperor, Charles the Sixth.

(war of the) austrian succession

This owner of the 180,000-acre James River estate Westover spent two years fighting his way through the Dismal Swamp. His secret diary was published in 1941, but A Journey to the Land of Eden and A Progress to the Mines were released one hundred years earlier. Identify this colonial writer remembered for The History of the Dividing Line.

(william) byrd

This president of colonial Virginia's governor's council rebuilt Westover, his familial home on the James River. He kept a diary, but also published A Journey to the Land of Eden and A Progress to the Mines. Who recorded his surveying adventures in A History of the Dividing Line?

(william) byrd

This poet coined the phrases, "I am the monarch of all I survey," and, "Variety's the very spice of life." He collaborated with Reverend John Newton on Olney Hymns, but is more remembered for a six-book blank verse poem. Identify the writer of The Task.

(william) cowper (cooper)

Thirteen years before his death, this writer received the Nobel Prize "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel." Two of his last works, A Fable and The Reivers, each won him a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Who was this Southern creator of Light in August and As I Lay Dying?

(william) faulkner

This novelist was an early abolitionist whose biography The Lives and Speeches of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin may have aided the former's election. He married Rutherford B. Hayes's cousin and edited The Atlantic Monthly for a decade, during which time he pioneered literary realism. Who was the author of A Hazard of New Fortunes and The Rise of Silas Lapham?

(william) howells

This field of study takes its name from a Greek word meaning "able to be heard." It deals with wave propagation, frequency, noise reduction, and noise purification. Identify the interdisciplinary study of vibrational waves travelling through a physical medium in the creation of sound.

Acoustics

This archaeological site once housed a wooden city, but today, only its sandstone and laterite temples remain. The temples face west, an indication of their dedication to the Hindu god Vishnu, and are surrounded by a moat. What is this example of Khmer architecture located in modern-day Cambodia?

Angkor Watt

These animals sometimes use spears for hunting, and ones named Washoe and Kanzi have learned symbolic languages. They have shown advanced cognitive abilities including theory of mind, insight, and self recognition. What African animals have more than 95 percent genetic similarity with humans?

Chimpanzees

In the sonata-allegro form, this part of a composition follows the recapitulation. Its name is Italian for "tail," and its musical symbol resembles a set of crosshairs. What is the word for the concluding section of a passage, or of an entire composition?

Coda

A bestseller, this nonfiction book caused controversy because of its conclusions about social and sexual mores [MORE-ezze]. It was based on observations of 68 females between the ages of 9 and 20 on the island of Ta'ū [TAH-oo]. Identify this seminal work by Margaret Mead.

Coming of age in samoa

This body of water is now divided in two because its water level has fallen dramatically. During the second decade of the 21st century, its water level dropped to more than 1,400 feet below sea level. What inland body has lost water through the diversion of the Jordan River?

Dead Sea

Formed in 1870 during the Grant administration, this United States federal department controls such agencies as the U.S. Marshals Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. What federal department is headed by the United States Attorney General?

Department of Justice

Full name, please. This federal enclave was originally 100 square miles in area, but lost about a third of that in 1847. The city established there outgrew the boundaries, and the metropolitan area now includes 10 counties in adjoining states. What non-state is the site of the United States' federal government?

District of columbia

This element of dance describes how a movement occurs. Quality, flow, weight, and attack are all components of it. Which dance element can be free, sharp, light, or sustained?

Energy (force)

Forms of this genetic phenomenon include "synergistic," "magnitude," and "sign" types. One example is a baldness phenotype covering up the effects of genes for hair color. In what genetic phenomenon is the expression of one gene influenced by alleles at another locus, which act as modifier genes?

Epsistasis

Romans often decorated this architectural element, which they sculpted with a convex curve, with plant motifs. In the Doric order, it alternates triglyphs--projecting rectangular blocks--with metopes [MET-uh-peez]. In the Ionic and Corinthian orders, a band of relief sculpture located between the architrave [AHR-ki-treyv] and cornice is known as what?

Frieze

This five-part novel spans American history from the pre-Civil War to post-Reconstruction eras. Charles Hamilton and Frank Kennedy wed a feisty Southern belle, who robs Yankees, sets up a lumber mill, and marries a blockade runner to save her family's plantation. Identify this Pulitzerwinning Margaret Mitchell novel about Scarlett O'Hara.

Gone with the wind

Groups of people inhabiting the area of this national park included the Cohonina, Sinagua, and Ancient Pueblo. The first Europeans to see it were the men of Francisco Coronado in 1540. What is this site in Arizona, where one can find rock exposed from the Proterozoic Era, a timespan that began over two billion years ago?

Grand Canyon

Around 1740, Quakers from Pennsylvania established the first permanent settlement at this modern U.S city, named for the American general who defeated Lord Cornwallis at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. The city was later a temporary Confederate capital and the site of a lunch counter sit in, the first such demonstration of the civil rights movement. Name this city in North Carolina.

Greensboro (NC)

In a May 2020 Instagram post, she revealed her pronunciation of the unique name given to her newborn son, a pronunciation that differed from the one provided by the boy's father, Elon Musk. Name this Canadian-born singer, known for recording such popular hits as Genesis and Oblivion.

Grimes (claire elise)

Supporting characters in this operetta include Dick Deadeye, Bill Bobstay, Bob Becket, and Little Buttercup. Captain Corcoran, the title vessel's commander, hopes his daughter Josephine will wed Sir Joseph Porter, but she loves sailor Ralph Rackstraw. What is this Gilbert and Sullivan operetta?

H. M. S. Pinafore

This play's minor characters include the foolish courtier Osric, Prince Fortinbras of Norway, and the dead court jester Yorick. It is the source of the quotations, "Brevity is the soul of wit," "To thine own self be true," and "The lady doth protest too much, methinks." Identify this Shakespearean tragedy set in Denmark.

Hamlet

From the Greek for "away from proper behavior," this term is a trait that belonged to many tragic Greek heroes. Identify this term closely associated with excessive pride or arrogance.

Hubris

This eighteenth-century poem consists of three six-line stanzas, written in iambic pentameter with an A-B-A-B-C-C rhyme scheme. It compares the household task of making clothes to God's work clothing the speaker in "Holy robes for glory." Give the title of this poem by Puritan minister Edward Taylor.

Huswifery

The authorship of this ancient book is traditionally attributed to Wenwang, the father of the Zhou [JO] dynasty's founder. It contains trigrams that can be combined into hexagrams and used for divination. What is this member of the Five Classics, whose name translates as "Book of Changes"?

I ching (e)

A chief minister to the third dynasty of Egypt's second king, he was later viewed as a deity, and was worshiped as the Egyptian god of medicine. Name the vizier to Djoser [JOH-sur], often regarded as the architect of Djoser's step pyramid in Memphis.

Imhotep

Florence Owens Thompson was identified as the titular subject of this photograph in 1978, more than four decades after it was first published in the San Francisco News. Featuring Thompson and three of her children as they waited at a camp in Nipomo, California, the image came to symbolize the poverty experienced during the Great Depression. Name this iconic photograph captured by Dorothea Lange.

Migrant Mother

A checkpoint in this process relies upon the attachment of kinetochores to spindle fibers. Cancer cells often engage in this process without intact regulation. What is this term for cell division that ends in the formation of two diploid daughter cells?

Mitosis

This organization administers grant programs such as the F32, K99, and R01. Its main intramural research campus is located in Bethesda, Maryland and its divisions include those for mental health, cancer, and aging, among others. What is this governmental body that conducts medical research and administers major grant programs, a branch of which is led by Dr. Tony Fauci?

NIH

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, his title was first consul, which he had held since 1799. In 1804, however, he crowned himself emperor, and expanded his war with Britain to fight Austria and Russia. Identify this French leader who gave his name to a series of conflicts that ended in 1815.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Following this religious practice resulted in George Reynolds' being indicted, convicted, and sentenced. Upon appeal, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that if a religious practice contravened civil law, the practice was not protected by the First Amendment. What practice of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was at issue in the case?

Polygamy (Bigamy)

Four-word answer required. President Kennedy established this award through Executive Order 11085 in February 1963. Kennedy himself was awarded the medal posthumously by Lyndon Johnson. What medal is the highest civilian award given in the United States?

Presidential medal of freedom

Examples of this form of psychological test include the Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach test. What term refers to a type of psychological examination in which researchers use a subject's response to ambiguous stimuli to interpret the subject's personality?

Projective (test)

Notable military leaders involved in this series of conflicts include Hamilcar Barca, Scipio Africanus, and Hannibal. Give the name for the series of three wars, fought between 264 BC and 146 BC, which pitted against one another, the empires of Rome and Carthage.

Punic wars

Considered an extension of the War of the Spanish Succession, this war was fought from 1702 to 1713 and resulted in Acadia becoming Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay area ceded by France to the victorious Great Britain. What was this second war fought between France and Great Britain for control of the North American continent?

Queen Anne's war

Known as La Concorde when it was owned by French privateers, this vessel's most well-known owner captured it in 1717, making it his flagship. In 1996, the wreckage of the ship was discovered off the coast of North Carolina, an area near where its owner, Edward Teach, maintained the base of his pirate operation. Give the name of this vessel captained by Blackbeard.

Quenne annes revenge

Composers who worked in this era include William Byrd, Thomas Tallis, and Josquin des Prez [zha-SKAN duh PREY]. Choral music continued to flourish, but instrumental music for the lute, viol, virginal, and sackbut also developed. The madrigal, mass, and motet were popular forms in what era, during which Monteverdi and Palestrina also worked?

Renaissance

He's not Edgar Degas [day-GAH], but this artist's late paintings include a pair of works showing a Dancer with Tambourine and a Dancer with Castanets. He showed Mademoiselle Leclere [lay-KLAIR] in a blue dress and matching boots, holding the green title object, in his A Girl with a Watering Can. Name this French Impressionist who also painted the Luncheon of the Boating Party

Renoir

As of July 2020, this role has been filled in the U.S. House of Representatives since January 2012 by Paul Irving. Responsibilities of the position include overseeing the House galleries and floors as well as enforcing protocol and decorum during House proceedings. What House officer is perhaps best known for his role in State of the Union addresses in which he customarily announces, "Mister or Madam Speaker, the President of the United States!"?

Sergeant at arms (of the house)

In 1983, this political party picked as its leader Gerry Adams, who was elected to Parliament several times, but refused to take his seat. Adams began altering the party's policy to one of seeking a peaceful solution to sectarian violence. Identify the party that is generally considered to be the political wing of the Irish Republican Army.

Sinn féin (shin fain)

Sometimes called a dependent clause, this type of clause depends on the rest of the sentence for meaning. It does not express a complete thought and must always be attached to the main clause. Identify this clause that normally acts as a single part of speech, such as a noun, verb, or adjectival clause.

Subordinate (clause)

Although this newspaper had a paid circulation of only 3,000, it had a much wider influence. Its first issue came out on January 1, 1831, and its last was published on December 29, 1865. What antislavery newspaper was published by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison?

The liberator

Alfred Preis designed a concrete memorial to this vessel which opened to the public in 1980 on Oahu island in Hawaii. Identify the U.S. battleship sunk during the attack on Pearl Harbor whose wreckage still remains below the memorial and the harbor's waters.

USS Arizona

A large outbreak of this disease occurred in French Polynesia in 2013. Although severe cases rarely occur, it is linked to Guillain-Barré [ghee-lan bah-RAY] syndrome. What fever was declared a public health emergency in 2016, after being linked to microcephaly [my-kroh-SEF-uh-lee] in newborns?

Zika

On January 16, 1917, this message was sent to the German minister in Mexico from the German foreign secretary. The message revealed German plans to engage in unrestricted submarine warfare and to form an alliance with Mexico and Japan should the United States declare war on Germany. Give the name of this telegram whose publication largely contributed to the United States' entry into World War One.

Zimmerman telegram

Among the most famous singers in this genre are Boozoo Chavis, Queen Ida, and Clifton Chenier [SHIN-yay]. The accordion, fiddle, guitar, and washboard are essential instruments in this dance genre that originated in southwestern Louisiana. Identify this type of Creole folk music.

Zydeco (Zig-duh-ko)

An "irrational" one of these musical indications expresses a ratio involving the division of the previous bar. These musical indications are classified as either "compound" or "simple," based on whether each beat subdivides into a group of three or two shorter notes. Name this indication device, expressing what note gets the beat and the number of beats in a bar, such as two-four.

Time signature

This story begins, "Day had dawned cold and gray when the man turned aside from the main Yukon trail." The unnamed protagonist travels along Henderson Creek with a half-tame wolf, but dies from hypothermia before reaching a mining camp. Give the title of this Jack London story.

To build a fire

This painter created a self-portrait with his first wife, Isabella Brandt, in which they were seated in a honeysuckle bower. He turned to biblical subject matter in Massacre of the Innocents and mythological scenes in The Three Graces. Identify the Baroque artist of The Elevation of the Cross.

(Peter) rubens

This writer of "Contemplations" became the first colonial American whose poetry was published. "Dialogue Between Old England and New," "The Author to Her Book," and "To My Dear and Loving Husband" examine a woman's place in Puritan society. Who wrote The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America?

(Anne) Bradstreet

A 2008 recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his research into understanding and treating AIDS, he has served since 1984 as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Identify the American physician and immunologist who gained international fame throughout 2020 as a key member and spokesman for the White House Coronavirus Task Force.

(Dr.) Fauci

As a teenager, she campaigned for Barry Goldwater and chaired the local Young Republicans. Political assassinations in the late 1960s led to her join the Democratic Party, and she participated in the Watergate investigation. What Illinois native was elected senator from New York in 2000, and became secretary of state in 2009?

(Hillary R.) Clinton

With relatively little success in the United States, this dancer spent her early career touring in Europe before traveling to Moscow in 1921, starting another dance school and showcasing such works as Revolutionary. Who is this "Mother of Modern Dance", known for her Greek-inspired free-flowing costumes and dancing in bare feet?

(Isadora) Duncan

Under the pseudonym Pierre Andrézel, this author published her only novel, The Angelic Avengers. Daguerreotypes [duh-GAIR-uh-types], Winter's Tales, and Seven Gothic Tales, as well as her two-part memoirs, were published under her better-known pseudonym. Give this pen name of Baroness Karen Blixen, the author of Shadows on the Grass and Out of Africa.

(Isak) Dinesen

He played a pivotal role in the removal of Nicolas Fouquet [foo-KAY] as finance minister in 1661 and sought to bring an end to the corrupt practices of the intendants [an-tawn-DAWN]. Among his accomplishments were the enlarging of the French navy as well as expanding overseas exploration, and his financial policies were largely successful until a costly war began to drain the nation's treasury. Identify this French mercantilist and chief financial minister of Louis the Fourteenth.

(Jean-baptiste) colbert (kohl-bear)

Accusations of bribery fueled the so-called Pacific Scandal which resulted in his resignation from office in 1873. Returning to the same office in 1878, he served until his death in 1891 when he was succeeded by John Abbot. Who was the first prime minister of Canada?

(John A.) Macdonald

He was awarded the medal of the Order of Zolfaghar by Ali Khamenei in March 2019, becoming the first military commander to receive the award since the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Identify the Iranian major general and leader of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who was killed on January 3, 2020 by a U.S. drone strike.

(Qasem) Soleimani (Sol uh mahn eee)

This composer's early mature works include his Fantasy on Serbian Themes. This man, who included a "gypsy song" in the fourth movement of his Capriccio Espagnol, wrote an orchestral interlude that utilizes chromatic runs of 16th notes to portray the travel of a transformed prince in his opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan. Name this Russian composer of the "Flight of the Bumblebee."

(Nikolai) Rimsky-Korsakov

One of this writer's best-loved works is a blank verse drama about a historical figure who ruled as tsar from 1598 to 1605. His other masterpiece features the characters of Tatyana, Lensky, and the title skeptic. Identify the author of Boris Godunov [GO-duh-nahf] and Eugene Onegin [own-YAY-gin].

(aleksandr) puskin

This writer's best-known poetry volume, The Fruits of the Earth, drew on experiences that he detailed in his autobiography If It Die. His novel-within-a-novel, The Counterfeiters, deals with both fake gold coins and characters who hide their true identities. Identify this Nobel laureate, author of The Immortalist and Strait is the Gate.

(andre) gide (zheed)

Though his first musical composition, The Likes of Us, was not staged until 2005, this composer gained fame with earlier productions such as By Jeeves and Tell Me on a Sunday. He often collaborated with lyricist Tim Rice on several of his works, including Evita and Jesus Christ Superstar, and some songs from his musicals have become especially famous, such as "All I Ask of You" and "Memory". Name this composer known for his world-famous contributions to musical theater, including The Phantom of the Opera and Cats.

(andrew) lloyd webber

This writer of the screenplay for The Misfits titled his final play Finishing the Picture. Two of his best-known dramas, A View from the Bridge and After the Fall, were published almost a decade apart. Name the creator of Willy Loman.

(arthur) miller

An awareness of human knowledge's limitations was the final of this man's "law of three stages", following the theological stage and metaphysical stage. In his work System of Positive Polity, he outlined the Western ideology that would come to be known as positivism. Name the French philosopher known as both the father of positivism, as well as the founder of the science of sociology.

(august) comte

In many of this man's plays, characters sing snippets of blues songs to demonstrate their feelings at crucial moments. He earned Drama Critics Circle Awards for Ma Rainey's Black Bottom and Joe Turner's Come and Gone. Give the name of this man, who also won Pulitzer Prizes for The Piano Lesson and Fences.

(august) wilson

This thinker often consulted with scientist Christiaan Huygens [HOI-genz] on matters related to optics. The hostile public reception of Theologico-Political Treatise caused him to refrain from publishing for the rest of his life. Who was this Rationalist author of Ethics?

(baruch) spinoza

This bloody but indecisive battle occurred when Union troops led by General Don Carlos Buell met Confederate troops led by General Braxton Bragg while the Confederates were attempting to advance on Louisville. What was this American Civil War battle fought on October 8, 1862 near Danville, Kentucky?

(battle of) Perryville

In 1598, this writer received a brand and a brief prison sentence for killing a fellow actor in a duel. The poet of "On My First Son" and "To Celia," he was also a Jacobean [jack-uh-BEE-un] dramatist. Who wrote Volpone [vahl-POH-nay], The Alchemist, and Every Man in His Humour?

(ben) jonson

This composer used a theme-and-variation structure for his 1945 work The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra. He is equally remembered for his operas The Turn of the Screw, Death in Venice, and Billy Budd. Identify this composer of Peter Grimes.

(benjamin) Britten

This writer, who established his own peace foundation, set forth his philosophies in Marriage and Morals and Why I Am Not a Christian. His Essays in Skepticism appeared years after his attempt to establish a logical basis for mathematics. Which Nobel laureate, together with Alfred North Whitehead, published Principia Mathematica in 1910?

(bertrand) russell

Among the legislation signed into law by this U.S. President were the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, the Violence Against Women Act, and the Family and Medical Leave Act. Who was president of the United States when the U.S. Congress passed the North American Free Trade Agreement?

(bill/william) clinton

This artist, who painted Westminster Bridge during his wartime refuge in London, used short brushstrokes to create the people in Boulevard des Capucines [day kap-yoo-SEEN]. He explored the effects of seasonal light in Snow at Argenteuil [ahr-zhah-TOY-uh] and Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer). Identify this artist, whose favorite views to paint included the Japanese foot bridge over his water lily pond at Giverny [zhee-vair-NEE].

(calude) monet

While serving as Governor of Massachusetts, he drew national attention for directing the State Guard to end a unionized strike of the Boston Police Department in 1919. A year later, he was elected Vice President, and in 1923, became president upon the death of his predecessor, Warren G. Harding. Name the United States' 30th president.

(calvin) coolidge

Faraday's constant is used to convert from moles of electrons to a unit named for this scientist. This scientist names an SI constant equal to "one over quantity four pi times epsilon-naught." Name this French physicist who names the SI unit for charge.

(charles) coulomb

Troops led by Banastre Tarleton captured this military leader at Widow White's tavern in December 1776, holding him prisoner until 1778. Returning to service later that year, his withdrawal at the Battle of Monmouth resulted in court-martial. Name this general, once second-in-command to General George Washington during the American Revolution.

(charles) lee

This Roman god was the son of Jupiter and Semele [SEM-uh-lee]. He presided over theater, as well as fertility and vegetation. Give the name for this Roman counterpart of Dionysus.

bacchus

This writer, who translated the Bhagavad-Gita [BUHG-uh-vuhd-GEE-tah] into English, wrote about the Weimar [VY-mar] Republic's decay in Mr. Norris Changes Trains and Goodbye to Berlin. He collaborated with W. H. Auden on the verse dramas Journey to a War, On the Frontier, The Dog Beneath the Skin, and The Ascent of F6. Who was this playwright of I Am a Camera, the inspiration for the musical Cabaret?

(christopher) Isherwood

This composer helped usher in Impressionism by basing his unusual chords on the whole-tone scale. He adapted his opera Pelléas et Mélisande [pay-lee-AHS ay MEL-ee-zahnd] from a play by Maurice Maeterlinck [MAT-ur-lank]. Give the name of the composer of Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.

(claude) debussy

This artist of Women in the Garden also painted regattas sailing and red boats docked in Argenteuil [ar-zhun-TOY-ee]. His own garden gave rise to The Frog Pond and The Japanese Footbridge. Identify the Impressionist painter of the Water Lilies series.

(claude) monet

This former mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California delivered a controversial prime time address at the 2012 Republican National Convention in which he held a conversation with an empty chair referred to as "Mr. Obama." Who is this American filmmaker known for his acclaimed directing of such films as Letters from Iwo Jima, American Sniper, and Million Dollar Baby, and for his starring roles in numerous successful western films?

(clint) eastwood

An Academy Award nominated documentary, Street Fight, details his 2002 mayoral campaign against fellow Democrat Sharpe James. Though he lost that election, he succeeded James four years later as the mayor of Newark. Identify this New Jersey senator and former 2020 presidential candidate.

(cory) booker

This author of The Rendezvous and Other Stories titled her first novel The Loving Spirit. In her masterpiece, the narrator lives in the shadow of her husband Maxim de Winter's first wife. Name the novelist responsible for Rebecca.

(daphne) du maurier (mor-ee-ey)

As a rookie, he finished runner up to Austin Dillon in the 2018 Daytona 500, marking the highest finish in the event's history for an African-American driver. What professional stock car race driver was at the center of a June 2020 investigation by NASCAR and the FBI when an alleged noose was found in his garage at Talladega Superspeedway?

(darrell) Wallace

Most of this writer's works portray the fashions and morals of New York's aristocracy during the Gilded Age. She published The House of Mirth years before writing the work that made her the first female recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel. Identify the creator of May Welland and Newland Archer in The Age of Innocence.

(edith) wharton

Her middle name came from the hospital that had saved her uncle's life shortly before her birth. In "Renascence," she wrote the often-quoted line, "My candle burns at both ends." Identify the poet of "The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver" and "A Few Figs from Thistles."

(edna st. vincent) millay

This director, who earned an Oscar for his work on Gentleman's Agreement, was nominated for three Academy Awards for America America. He is perhaps better remembered for Splendor in the Grass and East of Eden. Who was this director of A Streetcar Named Desire and On the Waterfront?

(elia) kazan

Her Declaration of Sentiments was read in 1848, at a convention in the New York town where she lived. Name the woman suffrage leader, who along with Lucretia Mott, organized the Seneca Falls Convention.

(elizabeth) stanton

The author of such works as The Rules of the Sociological Method and The Division of Labor in Society, he is perhaps best remembered for his detailed research into the factors contributing to suicide. Identify the social scientist widely recognized as the founder of sociology's French school.

(emile) durkheim

This frequent correspondent of Thomas Wentworth Higginson convinced Samuel Bowles to publish the poem "I taste a liquor never brewed." Only six other poems, including "Safe in their Alabaster Chambers," were published during the poet's lifetime. Identify this so-called "Belle of Amherst.

(emily) dickinson

This writer, who coined the term "iceberg theory" to describe his sparse writing style, wrote of fishing boat captain Harry Morgan in To Have and Have Not. He returned to nautical settings and themes in a novella that earned him a Pulitzer Prize. Identify the creator of Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea.

(ernest) hemingway

As a child pianist, this student of Salieri moved Beethoven with his musical talent. He is remembered for Romantic works such as Transcendental Etudes and Mephisto Waltzes. Identify the composer of Hungarian Rhapsodies.

(franz) liszt

This man decided to write a play using nonsensical sentences after noticing the meaninglessness of the examples in his English textbook. The so-called "antiplay" that resulted was The Bald Soprano. Who was this playwright of The Chairs and Rhinoceros, who was a leading member of the Theater of the Absurd?

(eugene) Ionesco

This poet was imprisoned and then sent to an insane asylum for making anti-American radio broadcasts during World War II. He self-published his first volume, A lume spento, before finding fame with Hugh Selwyn Mauberley. Name the Imagist poet of The Cantos.

(ezra) pound

This writer included his story "Winter Dreams" in the anthology All the Sad Young Men. He explored various aspects of Roaring Twenties life in Flappers and Philosophers , which includes his much anthologized story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair." Who wrote "The Diamond as Big as the Ritz" and "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button"?

(f. scott) fitzgerald

The Perkin triangle is a setup for air-sensitive materials undergoing this technique The fractional form of this technique is applied to separate petroleum from crude oil. Azeotropes [uh-ZEE-uh-tropes]cannot be separated using this technique, because it relies on differences in boiling point. Identify this lab technique used to separate a mixture of liquids into its individual components.

(fractional) distillation

This architect was associated for a time with the International Style--namely New Brutalism--as well as organic architecture. He designed Wisconsin's Johnson Wax Headquarters, as well as buildings around the nation that he dubbed "Usonian" [yoo-SO-nee-un]. Who named one of his estates Taliesin [tal-ee-ES-in]?

(frank lloyd) wright

Less than a year after succeeding Timothy Pickering as Secretary of State in the John Adams administration, he was appointed by Adams to succeed Oliver Ellsworth as the United States' fourth Supreme Court Chief Justice. Identify this influential jurist who, as chief justice, presided over such landmark cases as McCulloch v. Maryland and Marbury v. Madison.

(john) marshall

This member of the Hampshire Association defended Great Awakening revivals in his Treatise Concerning Religious Affections. Thirty of his sermons compose A History of the Work of Redemption, while Freedom of Will and The Nature of True Virtue were more popular in his day. Identify this Puritan minister, whose best-known sermon is "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."

(jonathan) edwards

This author of Journal to Stella satirized the literary dispute between the Ancients and Moderns in The Battle of the Books. A Scriblerus [SKRIB-luh-ruhs] Club member who sometimes used the pseudonym Isaac Bickerstaff, he poked fun at clerical corruption in The Tale of a Tub. Give the name of this man, who employed his eponymous satirical style in "A Modest Proposal."

(jonathan) swift

In 1519, he left Seville as master of the Concepcion, one of the five ships in Magellan's fleet destined for the Spice Islands. In late 1521, he took charge of the Victoria completing the expedition when he arrived in Spain the following year. Name the Basque navigator who completed the first successful circumnavigation of Earth.

(juan sebastian) del cano

This author's regionalism is evident in the titles of short stories like "Beyond the Bayou" and "At the 'Cadian Ball." "The Story of an Hour" and "A Pair of Silk Stockings" are two of her most famous short works. Identify the author of "Desiree's Baby."

(kate) chopin

In 1516, this writer published the first part of his sequel to Matteo Boiardo's [mah-TAY-oh boy-AHR-dohz] Orlando Innamorato [ee-nah-moh-RAH-toh]. It is a chivalric [shiv-AL-rik] epic whose 46 cantos tell of the title character's love for Angelica, as well as Charlemagne's war against the Saracens [SAIR-uh-sinz]. Give the name of this poet of Orlando Furioso [foo-ree-OH-so].

(ludovico) ariosto

A decade after he was appointed governor of the Ardabil province, he was sworn in as mayor of Tehran [tey-RAHN]. In 2005, he defeated former president Hashemi Rafsanjani [hash-EE-mee rahf-sahn-JAH-nee] to become the president of his country. Identify this former Iranian leader.

(mahmoud) ahmadinejad (ah-mad-in-uh-jaad)

In 2000, this author became the first woman from her country to win the Man Booker Prize, for The Blind Assassin. Her best-known work, which Hulu adapted into a 2017 series, follows Offred's life as a concubine in a dystopian theocracy. Name the author of The Handmaid's Tale.

(margaret) atwood

This dancer studied at the Denishawn School and performed a piece created for her by one of her teachers in which she portrayed the title princess. In addition to that dance, Xochitl, she went on to choreograph numerous pieces, including Primitive Mysteries and Maple Leaf Rag. Who is this Mother of Modern Dance, perhaps best known for her choreography for Aaron Copland's piece Appalachian Spring?

(martha) graham

This author's first published short story collection was A Humble Romance and Other Stories. In her best-known story, Louisa Ellis diplomatically ends her long engagement to Joe Dagget. Who was this regionalist author of "A New England Nun"?

(mary) wilkins freeman

He followed his lecture "Science as a Vocation" with a second lecture titled "Politics as a Vocation", in which he defined the grounds for legitimate political rule as traditional authority, charisma authority, and legal authority. He is best remembered for his thesis relating capitalism to Protestantism, a theory known as Protestant ethic. Name this German sociologist.

(max) weber (veber)

Born Aleksey Peshkov, this man founded the Soviet Writers' Union, as well as the literary style known as socialist realism. He described a bakery's labor conditions in the story "Twenty-Six Men and a Girl," which he wrote during his so-called "tramp period." Identify this author of the autobiographical trilogy that consists of My Childhood, In the World, and My Universities

(maxim) gorky

This friend of John and Abigail Adams argued against the Constitution's ratification in Observations on the New Constitution. She included two new plays in her 1790 publication Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous. Identify this author of the three-volume History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution

(mery otis) warren

When elected to the United States Senate in 2018, he became the first elected official since Sam Houston to represent a state as senator after having previously served as governor of a different state. In February 2020, he became the only Republican senator to vote to convict President Donald Trump during his impeachment trial. Who was the Republican nominee in the 2012 presidential election?

(mitt) romney

While testifying before the Senate Subcommittee on Communications in May 1969, he recited lyrics to a song he'd written titled "What Do You Do with the Mad That You Feel?" His testimony was noted by the subcommittee's chairman, John Pastore, as helping to secure early funding for the Public Broadcasting System. Who was this American television personality, the subject of the acclaimed-2018 documentary Won't You Be My Neighbor?

(mr.) rogers

This novelist of No Time Like the Present tackled environmental issues in the 2005 book Get a Life. Most of her works, including My Son's Story and July's People, deal with the effects of apartheid [uh-PAHR-tide]. Identify this Nobel laureate, who won the Booker Prize for The Conservationist.

(nadine) gordimer

His purported religious sightings earned him the nickname "The Prophet" among many of those living in slavery in Southampton County, Virginia. Give the name of the African American slave who attributed those sightings as divine inspiration to carry out a violent rebellion in August 1831.

(nat) turner

This writer attended Bowdoin [BOH-den] College with Horatio Bridge, who later subsidized the publication of his Twice-Told Tales. He collected more stories in Mosses from an Old Manse, but is better remembered for a novel about the Maule and Pyncheon [PIN-shun] families. Who wrote The House of the Seven Gables?

(nathaniel) hawthorne

This composer and virtuoso once lent 20,000 francs to Hector Berlioz [BEAR-lee-ohz], whom he also commissioned to write Harold in Italy. He employed pizzicato effects, harmonics, and new fingering and tuning methods in his works--most notably his 24 Capricci. Identify this violinist who, it was rumored, received his talent in a deal with the devil.

(niccolo) paganini

This inventor of New Journalism wrote The Naked and the Dead while studying at the Sorbonne. He based The Armies of the Night on the October 1967 Washington peace demonstrations. Who adapted convicted murderer Gary Gilmore's life into the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Executioner's Song?

(norman) mailer

This process was discovered by Lise Meitner, Otto Hahn, and Otto Frisch. A team led by Enrico Fermi created a self-sustaining form of this process at Chicago Pile-1. This process occurs beyond the critical mass, and it is used to produce electricity in nuclear reactors. Identify this nuclear reaction in which an atom splits into two smaller elements, often contrasted with fusion.

(nuclear) fission

The moon Mimas [MY-mas] induced this phenomenon to create the Cassini division in Saturn's rings. Wind inducing this phenomenon is often erroneously cited to explain the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows bridge. A magnetic field is used to induce this phenomenon in a form of spectroscopy named for a "nuclear magnetic" form of this phenomenon. Identify this phenomenon in which the amplitude of an oscillating system grows due to forcing at a natural frequency.

(orbital) resonance

Named as chancellor of the Third Reich in the will of Adolph Hitler, he served as Germany's leader for a single day before taking his own life. Identify the high-ranking Nazi official who served as Hitler's minister of propaganda.

(paul) Goebbels

This writer formed the Decadents with fellow poets Mallarmé [ma-lar-MEY] and Baudelaire [boh-duh-LAIR]. Before that, he was associated with both the Parnassians and the Symbolists. Name this poet of "Clair de Lune," who was sent to prison for shooting Rimbaud [ran-BOH].

(paul) verlaine

In 1938, she became the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. She spent her childhood in China with her missionary parents, an experience that inspired East Wind: West Wind and Dragon Seed. Name the writer of The Good Earth.

(pearl) buck

His success in defending the Spanish coast from pirates for Charles the Fifth earned him a promotion to captain of the Indies fleet in 1554. More than a decade later, he led a massacre at the French colony of Fort Caroline in an effort to secure Spanish control of Florida. Name the founder of St. Augustine

(pedro) menendez de aviles

This so-called "father of American literature" roomed with future president James Madison while both men were students at Princeton. He collaborated with Hugh Henry Brackenridge on The Rising Glory of America, but wrote "The Beauties of Santa Cruz" alone. Give the name of this so-called "poet of the American Revolution," remembered for "The Indian Burying Ground" and "The British Prison Ship."

(philip) freneau (fren ohhhhh)

This one-time cupbearer to Queen Elizabeth the First wrote the pastoral play The Lady of May for her. He revolutionized Elizabethan literary criticism with The Defence of Poesie, and influenced later prose fiction with his unfinished Arcadia. Who was this soldier and courtier responsible for the sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella?

(philip) sidney

In 1767, this poet addressed Harvard's students in "To the University of Cambridge." She praised King George the Third in "To the King's Most Excellent Majesty," and elegized a minister with "On the Death of Rev. Mr. George Whitefield." Name this author of Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral.

(phillis) wheatley

This poet was a perfecter of both the alexandrine and the French sonnet form. He celebrated nature in The Grove and Hymn of the Sky, and formed a literary group with fellow 16th-century students. Who was this leader of La Pléiade [play-ODD]?

(pierre de) Ronsard

His discovery of Lake Tanganyika [tan-guhn-YEE-kuh] directly preceded his partner, John Speke's, discovery of Lake Victoria, an incident that ignited a feud documented in his 1860 work, Lake Regions of Central Africa. Known for his travels to areas forbidden to non-Muslims, he gained fame for documenting his completion of the Hajj, after arriving in Mecca in disguise. Name this English orientalist and prolific explorer.

(richard) burton

This man's work for the Federal Writers' Project resulted in his first novel, Uncle Tom's Children. His autobiography, Black Boy, explored the poverty and racism he experienced growing up in Natchez, Mississippi. What writer created Bigger Thomas in Native Son?

(richard) wright

Embarking on its maiden voyage from Liverpool on May 5, 1903, this British passenger liner was in service until July 17, 1918 when it was sank by a German U-boat. Following its sinking, most of the vessel's passengers were rescued by the HMS Snowdrop. Name this ship best remembered for its own rescue efforts six years earlier.

(rms) carpathia

This dramatist of Oralloossa and The Broker of Bogota [BOH-guh-tah] found fame in his day with The Gladiator. He set two of his novels--Calavar and The Infidel--during the Spanish conquest of Mexico. Identify the 19th-century novelist of Nick of the Woods.

(robert) bird

This poet refused payment for the more than three hundred songs he composed, including "Green Grow the Rashes O." While working as a tenant farmer, he found brief fame with the publication of Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. Who was this poet of "Tam o' Shanter" and "Auld Lang Syne"?

(robert) burns

Along with his cousin, and joint constable, Saher [saw-hur] de Quency, he surrendered the castle of Vaudreuil [VAWD-dril] to King Phillip the Second of France in 1203. Nine years later, he fled to France in exile in defiance of his longtime adversary, King John of England. Name the English nobleman who served as leader of the baronial opposition to King John which culminated in the signing of the Magna Carta.

(robert) fitzwalter

This man's best-known work includes the stories "A Man of Ideas," "The Untold Lie," and "Hands." They are narrated by George Willard and set in the title Midwestern town. Name the author of Winesburg, Ohio.

(sherwood) anderson

There are many different types of this religious structure, including Inari, Hachiman, and Tenjin, and it is typically composed of a main hall called a honden and an offering hall called a haiden. A pair of guardian dog or lion statues called komainu [koh-MY-new] often stand outside these structures, and they are commonly recognized for the torii, or traditional Japanese gate, at the entrance. Identify these structures that are meant to house kami, the spirits worshipped in Shinto.

(shinto) shrine

The protein factors named for this scientist include Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. The procedure he is best known for originating allows differentiated adult cells to be reprogrammed into stem cells. Who is this Japanese researcher, known for his work on induced pluripotent stem cell, for which he received a 2012 Nobel Prize?

(shinya) yamanaka

This author incorporated horror elements into the stories "The Summer People" and "The Witch." "The Possibility of Evil" and "One Ordinary Day, with Peanuts" both examine how people can affect friends and strangers in positive and negative ways. Name the creator of Tessie Hutchinson in "The Lottery."

(shirley) jackson

This acting teacher lent her name to the first professional actor training school to affiliate itself with NYU's Tisch School of the Arts. As a member of the Group Theater, she was trained in so-called "method acting," based on the theories of Stanislavski [stan-ih-SLAHV-skee]. Identify this member of a Yiddish performing family and author of The Technique of Acting.

(stella) adler

Among the films this man is possibly set to produce are Gremlins 3 and Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2. He received Oscar nominations for directing Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Munich, and Lincoln. Who netted Academy Awards for the films Saving Private Ryan and Schindler's List?

(steven) spielberg

From 117 to 122, this writer served in various governmental posts under the emperor Hadrian. He profiled various Roman literary figures in Concerning Illustrious Men. Who is perhaps best remembered for his Lives of the Caesars?

(switonius) suetonius

This system of classification was introduced by Carl Woese, and its alternatives include the empire and eocyte systems. They include eukarya, bacteria, and archaea. What is this highest level of taxonomic division?

(the three) domains

The seven hundred verses in this work, whose name means "song of the lord," are divided into three sections and eighteen chapters. It is a dialogue between Krishna, an incarnation of Vishnu, and Prince Arjuna [UHR-joo-nuh]. Name this most famous section of the Mahabharata [muh-huh-BAH-ruh-tuh].

(the) Bhagavad-gita (bah guh vud ge tuh)

In this operetta, Mařenka wishes to marry Jenik [YEN-ik], but is contracted to marry someone else. It is set in a rural village somewhere in Czechoslovakia. What is this masterpiece of Bedřich Smetana [BED-er-zhik SMET-uh-nuh]?

(the) bartered bride

This expressionistic story ends with the cowboy and the Easterner discussing a card game during which the gambler stabbed the Swede. That incident occurred at The Palace, an institution in Fort Romper, Nebraska. Give the title of this Stephen Crane story.

(the) blue hotel

Similar to the books of the Bible, this sacred text is broken down into smaller sections named after past prophets, including Jarom, Enos, Jacob, and Nephi. The earliest form of this book was buried by the last prophet who contributed to it, Moroni, at the hill Cumorah in New York, and the founder of its religion eventually translated it into English from its original reformed Egyptian characters. Identify this holy text of its namesake religion in the form of golden plates that was revealed to Joseph Smith by an angel.

(the) book of mormon

This play's title refers to bad-tempered Katherina Minola, whose father Baptista is eager to marry her off. She morphs into an obedient wife after Petruchio [puh-TROO-kee-oh] essentially tortures her. Name this Shakespearean inspiration for the musical Kiss Me, Kate.

(the) taming of the shrew

These works, which are considered Shruti [SHROO-tee], contain Brahmanas [BRAH-muh-nuhz] and Aranyakas [ah-RUN-yuh-kuhz]. Sacred mantras, formulas, hymns, and spells compose these four texts: the Rig, Sama, Yajur [YUHJ-oor], and Atharva [uh-TAR-vuh]. Name these sacred Hindu writings, which also contain the Upanishads [oo-PAH-ni-shodz].

(the) vedas

In February 1815, the United States Senate ratified this agreement which had been signed in Belgium on Christmas Eve in 1814. What peace treaty, agreed to by the U.S. and Great Britain, ended the War of 1812?

(treaty of) ghent

This comedian, actor, writer, and director was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in 1935. He earned Best Screenplay Oscars for Hannah and Her Sisters and Midnight in Paris, as well as for another film that also won the Best Picture Oscar. Name the writer, director, and star of Annie Hall.

(woody) allen

This dance element might be abstract, broken, or chance. Repetition, accumulation, and retrograde movements might be part of it. Give the word for how a dance is structured.

form

Founded in 1860, this belief system is an amalgam of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism [DOU-iz-uhm], shamanism, and Roman Catholicism. The religion, based on a 21-word formula known as chumun [CHUH-moon], was founded by Ch'oe Che-u [choi CHAHY-yoo] who favored a hostility to Western culture that placed him at odds with his local government. Identify this religious sect indigenous to Korea.

Chondogyo

This Greek root is used in a word that refers to one way of ordering a story you are telling. What is this Greek root that means "time"?

Chron

First and last name please. He was from a family of bankers and upon gaining political power he ruled as a despot, limited freedoms, and angered the papacy. Surviving an assassination attempt by the Vatican backed Pazzi family, he and the members of his government were excommunicated for their harshness of the reprisals against the Pazzis. Who was this Florentine statesman who ruled during the high point of the Renaissance and whose death marked the end of the Golden Age of Florence?

Lorenzo de medici

This site is known for its "birdman" motif, in which an individual was buried with disks surrounding him in the shape of a falcon. This site was named by French trappists and it is home to Monk's Mound. Identify this Native American city, a known major Pre-Columbian city north of Mexico.

cahokia

As of 2020, the only female host of this program was its original host, Martha Roundtree. Notable hosts of the program have included David Gregory, Tim Russert, and Chuck Todd. Give the name of this NBC news-series, the longest running program in television history.

meet the press

Latin name, please. This emperor, known by a childhood nickname, was the title subject of a 1945 play by Albert Camus [kah-MOO]. Ancient accounts of his reign are so biased that it is not possible to determine if he were as cruel and capricious as he has been depicted. What emperor, who succeeded Tiberius, was known by the Latin for "Little Boot"?

caligula

Alabama Congressman Bradley Byrne sponsored legislation in 2019 to introduce this type of amendment to the U.S. Constitution, an amendment that is present in all U.S. state constitutions except Vermont's. Republicans have long supported adding such an amendment to the Constitution, though economists have not been able to come to a consensus concerning its usefulness in sustaining long-term economic growth. What type of constitutional amendment requires that a state or country's expenses cannot exceed its income?

balanced budget

Norse mythology recounts how this god wasn't released from death because the giantess Thökk refused to weep for him. He was the son of Odin and Frigg, and was universally favored by all the deities. Name this god, who died because Loki tricked Höd into throwing mistletoe at him.

balder

A coalition force formed in the 1970s, with goals including the reopening of the Suez Canal and retaliation for the losses that occurred in the Six-Day War. The invading coalition force consisted of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and others, but was led by Egypt and Syria. What was this conflict that was so named because the initial surprise attack against Israel occurred on October 6th, 1973, the holiest day of the Jewish calendar?

Yom Kippur war or ramadan war

This word, which means "great hero" in Sanskrit, was applied to the ancient ascetic Vardhamana [vahr-duh-MAH-nuh]. He advocated ahimsa [uh-HIM-suh], a policy of nonviolence to all living things, and encouraged followers to accept the five great vows of renunciation. Name this reformer of old doctrines, who established the present form of Jainism [JIGH-niz-uhm].

mahavira

The most recently discovered example of these elements was named after Yuri Oganessian [uh-gah-nyih-SEE-an]. In a shorthand notation for electron configuration, these elements are placed in brackets, and they have a filled valence shell. Identify this inert group of elements on the right side of the periodic table, exemplified by neon and argon.

noble gases

This film was based on its director's college experience of working as a tutor for a wealthy family. In it, members of the lower-class Kim family slowly obtain employment in the home of the rich Park family. What is this South Korean film, the most recent Best Picture Oscar winner?

parasite

From the Latin meaning "I shall please," this is a treatment prescribed for the relief of the patient rather than for a true medical purpose. What type of sugar pill has a namesake effect?

placebo

Examples of these include Australia's Daintree. Their layers include the floor, understory, and canopy. What are these ecosystems, near the equator, such as a large one in the Amazon?

rainforest

A form of these phenomenon is exhibited in Galilean invariance, which states that the laws of motion are the same in all inertial frames. These effects must be accounted for in GPS and they lead to discrepancies in predicted vs. observed movement patterns of Mercury. What is this term, which names two theories formulated by Einstein that were dubbed general and special?

relativity

This novel opens with an adult Theo Decker hiding in a hotel room in Amsterdam. It then flashes back to his thirteenth year, when his mother dies and he takes possession of the title painting. What is this Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, written by Donna Tartt?

the goldfinch

Characters in this novel include the Marquis of Montcalm, Duncan Heyward, and the psalmist David Gamut. Magua leads a Huron ambush that captures Cora and Alice Munro, but Chingachgook [ching-ATCH-gook], Uncas, and Natty Bumppo rescue the girls. What is the name of this second chronological Leatherstocking Tale?

the last of the mohicans

Stephen Ambrose's maligned book about this endeavor erroneously claimed it ran through Salt Lake City. Half of it was built by companies including Credit Mobilier [moh-blee-AY], and when finished, it linked Omaha with Oakland. Identify this transportation network that was ceremonially completed with a golden spike.

transcontinental railroad

The Dahomey and Oyo Empires were essential for the propagation of this institution, which led to many conflicts between such groups. In this practice, weapons, rum, and other goods were sent to West Africa in exchange for humans. What was this institution, by which thousands of Africans were shipped to the Americas as forced laborers?

triangular trade (trans-atlantic slave trade)

Philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer [SHO-pun-how-er] called these texts, quote, "the fruit of the most sublime human knowledge and wisdom." Ralph Waldo Emerson's poem "Brahma" paraphrased bits of the work, which stresses the unity between atman and brahman. What is the collective name for these treatises, which form the concluding section of each Veda?

upanishads

Known as "The Smoke That Thunders", it lies on the border with Zambia to the north and Zimbabwe to the south, spanning one of the widest points of the Zambezi River, about midway along the river's course. Name this magnificent waterfall, one of Earth's largest.

victoria falls

The first person to explicitly state this physics law was Rudolf Clausius [KLOWW-zee-us] in 1850. It states that within a closed, isolated system, the total energy remains constant. What law of thermodynamics also states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the difference between the heat transfer, and the work done by the system?

First (law of thermodynamics)

In this novel, the River Liffey and the city of Dublin represent both Irish and human history. Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, Anna Livia Plurabelle, and their children--Kevin, Jerry, and Isabel-- are archetypes of every family. Give the title of this dense James Joyce novel.

Finnegans Wake

Actresses who have portrayed this musical's title character include Elaine Paige, Patti LuPone, and-- in the film version--Madonna. "Oh What a Circus," "Another Suitcase in Another Hall," and "You Must Love Me" are among the best-known numbers in this Andrew Lloyd Webber-Tim Rice work. Che Guevara narrates what musical, forever associated with "Don't Cry for Me, Argentina"?

Evita

A settlement on one of these islands was destroyed by the U.S. Navy in 1831 after the crews of three American ships were arrested there. The British later forced the remaining officials off the islands, and appointed a lieutenant governor. What islands did Great Britain occupy in 1833, seizing them from Argentina?

Falkland

He served as a soldier in one of the many wars between Italian City states and was present at the siege of Damietta during the Fifth Crusade. The son of a wealthy merchant, he would renounce his father and spend time as a beggar in Rome, which influenced his later decision to live a life of poverty. Who was this Italian friar, who was later beatified, who assisted in the founding of the Order of St. Clare and founded the Franciscan order?

Francis of assisi

This novel's title character recounts his sordid life story to ship's captain Robert Walton. That story involves the murders of his brother William, friend Henry, and bride Elizabeth at the hands of a monster he created from corpse parts. What is this horror novel written by Mary Shelley?

Frankenstein

A group subjected to this sociological process may be a majority, as happened for decades in South Africa. Research into the process grew in the 1960s with the increased inequality seen among developing nations. By what sociological process is a group denied access to major roles in society?

Marginalization

Among the 19 storyboard sketches for this painting are two of a man, in a suit and fedora with a beak-like nose, which may have inspired this work's title. The artist's wife Jo posed for the lady in red in this painting, whose other preparatory sketches include one of a carafe [kah-RAFF] used to serve late-night patrons. Name this painting of a New York City diner by Edward Hopper.

Nighthawks

These organisms have a high ratio of rods to cones, and include many prosimian primates. In most animals with this characteristic, the creation of rhodopsin [roh-DOP-sin] is much faster than its degradation. What organisms, contrasted with diurnal species, feed and are active at night?

Nocturnal

This combining form means "heavy" or "slow" in Greek. In medicine, it is the opposite of "tachy" [TACK-ih]. Name this combining form, which sometimes precedes "cardia."

brady

Opened in November 1963 and named by then-Kentucky governor Bert Combs for one of Kentucky's longest serving Congressmen, this bridge has long connected Covington, Kentucky to Cincinnati, Ohio. Give the name of this double decker, dual-interstate bridge, the site of a September 2011 presidential speech by Barrack Obama

brent spence (bridge)

From its founding in 1920 until 1950, this organization was led by Roger Nash Baldwin. Under Baldwin's leadership, the organization became nationally known for its roles in the Sacco and Vanzetti murder trial, the Scopes trial, and for its work to challenge censorship of James Joyce's Ulysses. Identify this American legal organization whose motto is "Because Freedom Can't Protect Itself"

american civil liberties union

Name, not formula, required. This compound reacts with the bicarbonate ion in the liver in the first step of the urea cycle. Rhizobia [rye-ZOH-bee-uh] bacteria occupy nodules in the root system of legumes to produce this compound from atmospheric nitrogen in a process called fixation. Industrially, the Haber-Bosch process produces what weak base with chemical formula NH3?

ammonia

This evolutionary structure has an outer protective layer called the chorion [KOHR-ee-ahn], and other layers include the allantois [uh-LAN-tuh-wus] and a nutrient-containing sac. It is thought to be the main factor that allowed for the differentiation between amphibians and other tetrapods. What adaptation allowed primitive reptiles, and today birds, to lay eggs on land?

amniotic (egg)

These bodies are able to fuse deuterium, but not standard hydrogen. These objects are significantly more massive than gas giants such as Jupiter, but often only 10 to 15% larger in terms of volume. Identify these sub-stellar bodies, more massive than planets but not as massive as red dwarfs.

brown dwarf

One performer with this surname started out in vaudeville acts before rising to fame with appearances in such musicals as Funny Face, The Band Wagon, and Lady, Be Good! Another performer with this surname performed with his older sister in those musicals, though he went on to become one of the greatest dancers in film with his skills showcased in Shall We Dance and Top Hat. What is the last name of this brother and sister duo who often performed with each other on Broadway?

astaire

This sequence of 108 sonnets is named for two characters whose names mean "star" and "star lover" in Latin. It may be an allegorical story of the poet's childhood betrothal to Lady Penelope Devereux [DEVV-uh-roe]. Identify this sonnet cycle by Sir Philip Sidney.

astrophel and stella

The construction of this dam, completed in 1970, created a reservoir, Lake Nasser, by impounding the waters of the Nile River. Give the name of this large rockfill dam in Egypt.

aswan high dam

This Greek deity received one common epithet after stripping the skin off of a giant during the Gigantomachy [jye-GAAN-toh-mah-kee]. After this killer of Pallas [PAL-ess] was bested in a weaving contest, she transformed Arachne into a spider. This goddess' temples included the Parthenon. Name this Greek goddess who sprang fully-grown from the split-open head of Zeus.

athena

For any element, this quantity can be calculated from the density, molar mass, and unit cell structure. This quantity increases down a group and decreases left to right across a period. Often measured in picometers [PIE-kuh-MEE-turs], what is this quantity equal to the mean distance between a nucleus and the associated electron

atomic radius (ionic, covalent, or van der waals radius)

In a unanimous decision in this case, the Supreme Court rejected the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson some 58 years earlier. Identify the Supreme Court case, decided May 17, 1954, in which the court ruled the Fourteenth Amendment prevented public schools from continuing to legally segregate students based on race.

brown v board of education

This literary technique is named for the man who published a heavily edited version of Shakespeare's works he dubbed The Family Shakespeare. What technique involves removing parts of a text to simplify it or make it less objectionable?

bowdlerize (bow-d-lur-eyes)

This term refers to characters whose primary purpose is to create a contrast between themselves and another character, as the author emphasizes one character's traits in comparison to the other's. Don Quixote and Sancho Panza and Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are examples of what literary characters?

foils

Three word answer. Today based in Lausanne, Switzerland, it was founded in Paris in 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin. What organization held its first quadrennial event in Athens in 1896?

international olympic committee

Developed primarily in the 1890s in France, this art movement eventually transitioned into Fauvism, and it encompasses smaller movements, such as Synthetism and Symbolism. It was characterized by vivid yet unnatural colors, emotional expression, and broad, thick brushstrokes, and well-known masterpieces of this style include Irises, The Card Players, and Two Tahitian Women. Identify this art movement, best exemplified by the works of Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne [say-ZAHN], and Paul Gauguin [go-GAN].

post impressionism

Samuel Osgood was the first to hold this position under the U.S. Constitution, though Benjamin Franklin was appointed to the position by the Continental Congress more than 14 years earlier. In June 2020, Louis DeJoy officially took over the role from Megan Brennan. What title is held by the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service?

postmaster general

In special relativity, this quantity divided by the speed of light is the zeroth [ZEE-rohth] component of the four-momentum. The Larmor formula gives this quantity for the radiation caused by an accelerating charged particle. The work done over the change in time gives what quantity measured in Watts?

power