ACC Physiology Assessment test prep
Use Dalton's Law to determine the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases.
% x the 'atmospheric' (or overall) pressure
What is the symbol for carbon?
C
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What is the chemical formula for carbon monoxide?
CO
What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
CO2
Identify the type of bond (polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, or ionic) found in the following molecules: carbon dioxide, water, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, oxygen gas, and sodium bicarbonate.
CO2 = polar covalent NaHCO3 = ionic & p.c. H2O = polar covalent HCl = ionic NaCL = ionic
What is the symbol for calcium?
Ca
What is an atom?
The basic unit of a chemical element.
Describe how gas pressure is affected by volume, temperature, and the addition of gas.
if temp increases, gas pressure increases if gas volume increases, gas pressure increases if volume increases, gas pressure decreases
Define the terms matter and mass.
matter - anything that occupies space and has mass mass - a measure of the quantity of matter in a sample of any material
What are the basic metric units for length, mass, time and volume?
meter, gram, second and liter
Understand the behavior of matter in its various states: solid, liquid, gas
solid - densely packed molecules liquid - molecules slide past each other and bump frequently gas - molecules rarely collide, are spread out far
Compare and contrast the random motion of particles in a liquid, solid, and gas and the effect of temperature on the motion.
solid - do not expand much when heated liquid - expand slightly when heated gas - expand easily when heated
Identify and describe the properties of the 3 states of matter
solid - rigid and have a defined shape liquid - Flow and take the shape of their container gas - Are much less dense than liquids or solids and occupy all parts of a container
Explain properties of solutions. Define solute and solvent. Given a solution, identify the solvent and solute
solute - the component that is present in a smaller amount within a mixture and is usually suspended or dissolved solvent - the liquid that makes up the bulk of the mixture ex: salt solute, water solvent
What is an isotope?
two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
What is the multiple associated with kilo?
1,000
Describe nonpolar and covalent bonds. Compare and contrast the characteristics of polar and nonpolar molecules
1. Nonpolar covalent bond is a covalent bond where the pair of electrons is equally shared between the two atoms. 2. Polar covalent bond is a covalent bond where the pair of electrons is not quite equally shared between the two atoms
What is the multiple associated with milli?
1/1,000
What is the multiple associated with micro?
1/1,000,000
What is the multiple associated with nano?
1/1,000,000,000
What is the multiple associated with deci?
1/10
What is the multiple associated with centi?
1/100
What is the symbol for chlorine?
Cl
Compare how covalent and ionic bonds hold atoms together and how each type of bond is shown in a diagram
Covalent are stronger - when two atoms share unpaired valence electrons with each other H-H or H:H, O=C=O, Ionic bonds - when one atom donates an unpaired valence electron to another atom
What is an element?
Each of more than 100 substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter
What is the symbol for iron?
Fe
What is the symbol for hydrogen?
H
What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
Discuss the relative strengths of covalent and ionic bonds (how easily the bonds can be broken)
Ionic - NaCl Covalent - H2O (polar), H2, O2 (non polar)
What is the symbol for potassium?
K
Define the terms molecule and ion. Explain the role of electrons in chemical bonding
Molecule - Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Ion - When an atom gains or loses electrons, which is an atom with a charge. Valence electrons want a partner, so for every unpaired electron, a bond can be formed
What is the symbol for nitrogen?
N
What is the symbol for sodium?
Na
What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
What is the chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate)?
NaHCO3
Explain how radioactive isotopes are used.
Nuclear power including, smoke alarms, radiation therapy, radioactive medical tracers in people and plants, irradiation of foods and herbs
What is the symbol for oxygen?
O
What is the symbol for phosphorus?
P
Describe the basic structure of an atom
Protons and neutrons are contained in the nucleus. Electrons orbit the nucleus.
Identify the charge and the location in an atom of protons, neutrons and electrons
Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral (0 charge), and Electrons are negatively charged. protons and neutrons are in nucleus, electrons orbit nucleus
Define the term hydrogen bond. Describe the characteristics of hydrogen bonds
a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other. H with either N or O.