Acids, Bases, pH Test
What is the range of the pH scale?
0-14
What is the pH of distilled water?
7
Acid or base: hand soap
9
What is an acid on the pH scale?
<7
What is a base on the pH scale?
>7
Name a salt and two uses for it.
Potassium chloride: treat potassium deficiency, table salt substitute
What is an indicator?
a substance that can reversibly change color depending on the pH of the solution or other chemical change
What is pH?
a value used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Acid or base: black coffee
acid
How does limitus paper react to an acid or base?
acid: red; base: blue
What are the differences between acids and bases?
acids form hydronium ions, bases form hydroxide ions
What is an electrolyte?
an ion that when dissolved in water can conduct electricity
What is a salt?
any combination of cations and anions, except for hydroxides and oxides
Acid or base: drain cleaner
base
Acid or base: tums
base
What are examples of products with extremely high or low pH's?
battery acid, drain cleaner
What are the similarities between strong acids and weak acids?
both acids: dissolve in water, react to form hydronium ions, conduct electricity, pH <7
What do acids and bases have in common?
dissolve in water, form ions, are electrolytes, are extremely dangerous at extremes
What are the similarities between acids and bases?
dissolve in water, form ions, are extremely dangerous at extremes
What are the characteristics of a strong acid?
extremely dangerous, ionize completely, dissolve in water, conduct electricity
What are the characteristics of an acid?
form hydronium ions when dissolved in water, pH <7, are electrolyes
How does an atom become an ion?
loses or gains an electron
Are all acids harmful?
no, only strong acids
What are examples of electrolytes?
sodium, calcium, potassium
What are the differences between strong and weak acids?
strong acids have lower pH, ionize completely, conduct electricity better; weak acids do not ionize completely
What does pH measure?
the concentration of hydronium ions
What happens during a neutralization reaction?
the hydronium ions (formed by acids) and the hydroxide ions (formed by bases) react forming water and a salt
How are indicators used to determine the pH of a solution?
they change color depending on pH
What is the purpose of the pH scale?
to measure the acidity of substances
What are the byproducts of mixing acids and bases of equal strengths?
water and a salt
