ACT

The smallest angle in a triangle is opposite the ____________________ side

shortest

In the passage, the highlighted phrase something more canned most nearly refers to:

sound effects. music videos. improvised music. recorded music.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the process by which the frog Cyclorana platycephala survives in the desert?

The frog stores water in its body, buries itself, and conserves water until emerging at the next rain. The frog buries itself, waits for rain, absorbs rainwater through its skin, and emerges. The frog forms a nearly waterproof cocoon around itself, buries itself, and waits to emerge until it needs water. The frog buries itself, absorbs water through its skin, and goes dormant until springtime.

Restrictive and non restrictive relative clauses

The rule for using commas with relative clauses is that you don't use commas around a clause if it's restrictive, i.e. it clarifies the specific thing you're talking about, but you do use commas if the clause is non-restrictive, i.e. it merely comments on a clearly defined noun.

Based on the passage, which of the following plants and animals employ a communal strategy to survive in the desert?

The saguaro cactus only The saguaro cactus and the frog Cyclorana platycephala only The frog Cyclorana platycephala and honeypot ants only Honeypot ants only

Who vs. Whom

The word "who" is used as a subject in a sentence. The word "whom" is used as an object. That is the girl who scored the goal Whom do you like best

Commas are needed when

Timmy who loves Superman is excited for the upcoming movie. The point of the sentence is that Timmy is excited about the movie—his love of Superman is just helpful background info. Since taking out "who loves Superman" wouldn't affect the main idea of the sentence, that clause needs to be separated from the rest of the sentence by commas,

when to use a semicolon ;

Used to connect two independent clauses. both have to be able to stand alone. Use a semicolon when you want to form a bond between two statements when they are related or contrast with one another.

what is a clause

a group of words that contains a subject and a verb

scalene triangle

a triangle with no congruent sides

Affect vs Effect

affect is a verb and effect is a noun - A means to have an impact on something (the weather affected my mood), E is the end result of change (Transportation costs have a direct effect on the cost of retail goods)

In the passage, the author notes that a strange aspect of the photo of Goyathlay with a rifle is that the photo was taken:

by an unknown photographer. when Goyathlay was a prisoner of war. with Goyathlay's permission. by a US government photographer.

non-restrictive clause

clauses that always start with "which" are always?

distance formula

d = √[( x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]

In contrast to the way the pianos are described in Passage A, the passage author's violin in Passage B is described as

exhibiting unique characteristics. having an active personality of its own. sustaining damage from careless children. being important to daily life.

When to use a colon

following is equivalent to what was preceding... can replace with "that is" or "in other words"

standard deviation

how far each point is from average (10,12,14) has bigger sd than (10,11,12)

i

i = square root -1 i^2 = -1 i^3 = -i i^4 =1

Based on the passage, the pleats in the body of the saguaro cactus:

increase the efficiency of photosynthesis. allow the cactus to expand for storing water. reduce evaporative water loss. regulate the cactus's growth.

The author most strongly suggests that one reason commercial photographers began to photograph Native American communities was that commercial photographers were:

instructed to do so by the US government. devoted to creating educational resources about Native American communities. committed to overcoming their preconceived ideas about the West. influenced to do so by the photographers who had joined government expeditions to the West.

Based on the passage, it can most reasonably be inferred that the scarring some seeds require before germination is accomplished through:

intense drying experienced between rainfalls. internal tension from the seed capsule's sepals. chemicals in the seeds. abrasion sustained during flash floods

It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that Holmes's band members like playing music with Holmes in part because, in contrast to other band leaders, Holmes:

is familiar with big band, classical, and country music. allows band members to showcase their talents during gigs. played music in the Washington club scene for fifteen years. uses sophisticated elements like digital sequences during gigs.

As it is used in the passage, the highlighted word extent most nearly means:

length. degree. reach. boundary.

Which of the following actions referred to in the passage most clearly characterizes a hypothetical event rather than an actual event?

"Traveled to" (highlighted text) "Defend" (highlighted text) "Farmed" (highlighted text) "Stand next to" (highlighted text)

Began vs. Begun

"begun" is an adjective form that needs a helping verb such as has/had/have, began is past tense for begin

FOIL (first, outside, inside, last)

(a+b)(c+d) = ac+ad+bc+bd

restrictive clause

A clause that is essential to the meaning of the sentence.

Integer

All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero.

Restrictive or non restrictive

People who dislike kale won't enjoy green smoothies.

The author directly refers to which of the following aspects of the photograph of Goyathlay in a garden as being ironic?

Goyathlay was not a gardener but instead was in the midst of trying to stop the US government's attack on his people. Goyathlay's people had long practiced farming, but the photo seemed to suggest that Goyathlay had learned farming from others. People do not automatically think of Goyathlay as a man of peace. For years it was assumed to be a photograph of someone other than Goyathlay.

Based on the assertion in Passage A that Luc's "attitude about how people treated their pianos seemed to mirror his philosophy of life" (highlighted text), which of the following statements would most nearly describe Luc's philosophy of life?

It's better to live a full and imperfect life than not participate because something might go wrong. Life is a fragile gift that must be cherished and kept safe at all times. Living well is like playing the piano well; it requires dedication and practice. It's important not to take life's opportunities for granted because they may not come a second time.

According to the passage, which of the following actions did people in the Negev Desert take in order to farm there?

Plowing the soil Widening gullies Constructing terraces Constructing aqueducts

Restrictive or non restrictive

My sister, who dislikes kale, doesn't enjoy green smoothies.

Which of the following events referred to in the passage occurred last chronologically?

Taylor joined Holmes's band. Brawner joined Holmes's band. Holmes started driving a limousine. Holmes started Sound Ideas.

radians to degrees

multiply by 180/pi

Permutations

n!/(n-r)! for n objects taken r at a time

combination

n!/(n-r)!r! for n objects taken r at a time

non restrictive clause

not essential to the meaning of the sentence

probability of event

number of outcomes in event / total number of possible outcomes

The highlighted paragraph marks a shift in the focus of the passage from:

plants that store water above ground to plants that store water below ground. animals that don't go dormant to animals that do go dormant. desert-dwelling plants to desert-dwelling animals. inhabitants of the Negev Desert to inhabitants of northern Australian deserts.

triangle inequalities

the bigger the angle, the bigger the side opposite

Connotation

the implied or associative meaning of a word

In the passage, the highlighted word framed is used figuratively to describe:

the way background research can support the proper viewing of a photograph. a common means of preserving a photograph. a technique in which a photograph is displayed with factual information surrounding it. the manner in which many photographs of Goyathlay are displayed in museums.

restrictive

those starting with "that" are always

Matricies

when multiplying a matix, such as [a,b,c] to (vertical)[c,b,a], it would be [ac,ab,aa - bc,bb,ba...etc], when adding it would be a+c,b+b,c+a, when finding the determinant of [^xy zw] do xw-zy.