ACT English Sections

B02 The statue, depicting Sweat with his left hand gripping the lead rope, his right rests on the horse's side, "is a lasting tribute to Sweat's exceptional care." Given that all the choices are accurate, which one most effectively concludes the sentence and the essay by reinforcing the essay's main point? A. NO CHANGE B. remains there today, a celebration of the spirit of one of the greatest racehorses in history. C. weighs 1,500 pounds and is located in the section of the park called Secretariat Plaza. D. is a beautiful reminder of the special bond that can form between horse and jockey.

A. NO CHANGE

B05 Nicholas had to cut himself free near the end of the jump and deploy his backup parachute. "Still," he had proved that Leonardo's pyramidal design could slow a parachutist's descent. A. NO CHANGE B. Coincidentally, C. Likewise, D. Again,

A. NO CHANGE

B05 Preservation groups saved it from "demolition, and, in 2006," the lobby was moved across town in pieces. A. NO CHANGE B. demolition and in 2006, C. demolition, and in, 2006 D. demolition and in, 2006

A. NO CHANGE

PR1 Three years later, she and her husband moved to a city east of Moscow, where she has expanded "her matryoshka production." A. NO CHANGE B. her production. C. their production. J. the production of them.

A. NO CHANGE

PT2 Employing thirty-eight "workers," white and black, Forten held his employees to a high standard. A. NO CHANGE B. workers, whom were C. workers: D. workers

A. NO CHANGE

PT5 Panicked, I "assailed" airport personnel, who assured myself that they would try to recover my beloved instrument. Which choice best illustrates the fervor with which the narrator communicated with the airport personnel? A. NO CHANGE B. approached C. questioned D. contacted

A. NO CHANGE

C03 Her beachside lodgings in Mozambique now house the Marine Megafauna Research Center. The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer make this deletion? A. Yes, because the sentence interrupts the account of how Marshall came to investigate the possibility that there were two manta ray species. B. Yes, because the sentence fails to clarify why Marshall did her research in Mozambique. C. No, because the sentence explains how Marshall created a large scientific institution even though she started as a lone researcher. D. No, because the sentence clarifies Marshall's role at the Marine Megafauna Center.

A. Yes, because the sentence interrupts the account of how Marshall came to investigate the possibility that there were two manta ray species.

74C He was determined to win, despite being rather unknown as an athlete. If the writer were to delete the word rather from the preceding sentence, the sentence would primarily lose a word that: A. implies that some people were already aware of Mills's talent. B. helps describe Mills's approach to motivating him- self for a race. C. explains why Mills decided to take on the chal- lenge of running in the Olympics. D. emphasizes that Mills needed more training before he could win the race.

A. implies that some people were already aware of Mills's talent.

B02 "Resistant to" chemical change after they crystallize, scientists can analyze the gemstones to determine the temperature and pressure of the earth when the garnets formed. 4.. NO CHANGE B. Because garnets are resistant to C. Since they resist D. Resisting

B. Because garnets are resistant to

74F Weather conditions at this facility, which sits atop its namesake's 6,288-foot peak in New "Hampshire, has earned" the location the nickname "Home of the World's Worst Weather." A. NO CHANGE B. Hampshire, have earned C. Hampshire has earned D. Hampshire, earns

B. Hampshire, have earned

PT3 In low places, the Black River was confined "(or "shut in")" by the rhyolite and creating the natural waterslides and canyon-like gorges that have become a summer playground for thousands of visitors. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the underlined portion be kept or deleted? A. Kept, because it describes how people feel when they visit the park. B. Kept, because it suggests the inspiration for the park's name. C. Deleted, because it makes an informal observation that is not consistent with the essay's tone. D. Deleted, because it interrupts the sentence's description of the Black River.

B. Kept, because it suggests the inspiration for the park's name.

PR1 "Solitary" jobs thrilled me because I was spending time alone with her. Which choice best suggests the potentially unusual nature of the narrator's enthusiasm for the kinds of housework she helped her grandmother with? A. NO CHANGE B. Mundane C. Exciting D. Necessary

B. Mundane

B02 After cooking Secretariat a mash of oats and corn, he'd watch him eat, taking note of any changes in appetite "noticeable to him while the horse was eating." A. NO CHANGE B. that became apparent while watching him eat. C. that were noticeable to him. D. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.

D. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.

B05 Facial features, along with a teardrop near one eye, appear when Yahav pinches bits of sand into place "on the face of a young woman." A. NO CHANGE B. to form the woman's eyes, nose, and other facial features. C. during the four-minute performance. D. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.

D. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.

74C "As a result, early" maps relied on a geographically accurate scale that simply superimposed the twisting subway lines over standard maps of the city streets above. A. NO CHANGE B. To provide an example, early C. Secondly, early D. Early

D. Early

73E Shortly after performing her first supporting role, "Wong, at seventeen, starred" in The Toll of the Sea. F. NO CHANGE G. audiences watched the seventeen-year-old's performance H. audiences watched Wong, who was seventeen, J. Wong at seventeen starred,

F. NO CHANGE

74C Before a stunned crowd, Mills "had run" the 10,000 meters 45 seconds faster than his qualifying time. F. NO CHANGE G. has ran H. has run J. had ran

F. NO CHANGE

74C The need for "Foley" "arises from" the sound clutter of real life. F. NO CHANGE G. aroused from H. arises J. arise

F. NO CHANGE

74F At the Scottish Storytelling Centre, a "dragon crafted from the pages" of a mystery novel was found nesting in a window. F. NO CHANGE G. dragon—crafted from the pages H. dragon, crafted from the pages, J. dragon crafted from the pages,

F. NO CHANGE

74F McCoy invented a device that released oil while a train was in motion, substantially "reducing the number" of maintenance stops had the effect of making travel more efficient. F. NO CHANGE G. lessening the frequency of number H. subtracting the amount J. lowering the amount

F. NO CHANGE

A11 As a student worker, for the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois, Andreessen "became enthralled by" the Internet. Which choice most strongly conveys that Andreessen developed a strong affinity for the Internet? F. NO CHANGE G. first gained access to H. spent many hours on J. saw the utility of

F. NO CHANGE

B02 Her initiative sets off a massive food "fight, throughout which" nobody laughs harder than Normand. F. NO CHANGE G. fight, which, throughout it, H. fight, which throughout, J. fight that throughout it,

F. NO CHANGE

B05 About a hundred people had already "gathered, a guard rail" the only thing separating them from the crater's edge. Granted, all I could see were clouds. F. NO CHANGE G. gathered, a guard rail was H. gathered a guard rail was J. gathered a guard rail

F. NO CHANGE

C03 "Consequently," in the mid-1700s, English minister Edward Stone had began to seek a substitute. F. NO CHANGE G. Nevertheless, H. Furthermore, J. Likewise,

F. NO CHANGE

PT3 In my role as a lady-in-waiting, I often used the sixteenth-century expressions while I served the queen's meals or "introduced" her to guests. F. NO CHANGE G. to introduce H. introducing J. introduce

F. NO CHANGE

C03 He noted that the bitter taste of willow bark was reminiscent of the bitter taste of cinchona bark. "Known also for his interest in astronomy," Stone pulverized some willow bark and adds its power to a liquid. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one provides the most logical transition from the preceding sentence? F. NO CHANGE G. Assuming diseases and their cures derive from the same environments, H. Believing that the two plants must share similar qualities, J. Living on the outskirts of the town of Chipping Norton,

H. Believing that the two plants must share similar qualities,

PR1 Natasha Pugaeva is a professional painter of matryoshki, the nesting dolls that rank among Russia's most recognizable national symbols. She painted her first matryoshka doll in 1990, while she was in Kazakhstan, who worked as a painting instructor. The matryoshka trade has flourished among former Soviet state employees who could produce the dolls from their homes. 62 Three years later, she and her husband moved to a city east of Moscow, where she has expanded her matryoshka production. The writer is considering deleting the preceding sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted? F. Kept, because it places Natasha's painting in a broader social context. G. Kept, because it explains why Natasha was one of many people to begin painting matryoshka dolls in the early 1990s. H. Deleted, because it detracts from the paragraph's focus on the development of Natasha's matryoshka-painting practice. J. Deleted, because it contradicts the paragraph's explanation of where Natasha learned to paint matryoshka dolls.

H. Deleted, because it detracts from the paragraph's focus on the development of Natasha's matryoshka-painting practice.

73E Grandpa worked in his garden every day—planting, and pruning, mixing and staking, weeding and mulching—so I wondered why it looked so wild and overgrown. "Certainly," Grandpa told myself that the way he grew fruits, vegetables, and herbs conserved space and water. F. NO CHANGE G. For the time being, H. Eventually, J. At first,

H. Eventually,

74C "At an important point in his training," Mills wrote the words "Gold Medal" in his journal. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one most effectively introduces the paragraph by returning to the topic of the essay's opening paragraph? F. NO CHANGE G. A future inductee into the US Track and Field Hall of Fame, H. Three weeks before the 1964 Olympics, J. Committed to success,

H. Three weeks before the 1964 Olympics,

Z15 Because Pavlova's tutu had been speckled with green silk roses, he "covered" the cream with sliced kiwifruit. Which choice best conveys that Sachse's placement of kiwifruit on his dessert mimicked the arrangement of green silk roses on Pavlova's tutu? F. NO CHANGE G. wrapped H. dotted J. lined

H. dotted

Z15 Both Australia and New Zealand, likewise, lay claim to being first to celebrate "their" luminous costumes and light-footed dancing with puffy clouds of meringue. F. NO CHANGE G. those H. her J. its

H. her

B05 While one octopus might use trial-and-error to unlatch the cubes, another octopus may just "use a lot of strength in opening the larger cubes" to get to the smaller ones. Which choice offers the most specific information about the method applied by some octopuses? F. NO CHANGE G. focus on the cubes themselves (instead of the latches) H. opt to break the larger cubes J. ruin the larger cubes

H. opt to break the larger cubes

B04 She labored "by" what was at the time the world's largest collection of stellar spectra on photographic plates in the world. F. NO CHANGE G. upon H. over J. to

H. over

C03 Guardrails made of local rock lined the route and blurred the distinction between "that and" environment. F. NO CHANGE G. this and the H. road and J. it and it's

H. road and

PT5 "Whether" there's lightning within thirty miles, the technicians stay on the ground. F. NO CHANGE G. So that H. Unless J. If

J. If

74F Suppose the writer's main purpose had been to describe how mountain ranges affect weather patterns. Would this essay accomplish that purpose? F. Yes, because it discusses how the slopes of Mount Washington increase wind speeds. G. Yes, because it describes the weather conditions on the summit of Mount Washington. H. No, because it outlines the history of the Mount Washington Observatory. J. No, because it provides an overview of the Mount Washington Observatory and its research.

J. No, because it provides an overview of the Mount Washington Observatory and its research.

PT2 "Seeing remnants" of outdoor advertisements from a bygone era, they are called "ghost signs." F. NO CHANGE G. The sight of remnants H. To see remnants J. Remnants

J. Remnants

PT3 [1] Hay and ON's businesses prospered through the turn of the century, during the Great Depression, and beginning in the 1940s. [2] Because the climate in eastern Oregon is semi-arid, the artifacts left inside—including gold-mining tools, rare antique furniture, financial documents, and a thousand different herbs—were preserved. [3] Although On died in 1940, Hay continued to run Kam Wah Chung & Co. until 1948. [4] After Hay's death, his nephew inherited the building and donated it to the city of John Day. [5] For almost twenty years, it remained locked. [6] The building was restored by the state of Oregon in the 1970s and has became the Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum. [7] Designated as being called a National Historic Landmark in 2005, besides, it encapsulates an era. For the sake of logic and coherence of this paragraph, Sentence 2 should be placed: F. where it is now. G. before Sentence 1. H. after Sentence 3. J. after Sentence 5.

J. after Sentence 5.

C03 Klimas's idea for his sonic sculptures "were" sparked by the experiments, of Swiss scientist, Hans Jenny. A. NO CHANGE B. have been C. was D. are

C. was

74C [A] I was waiting at the veterinarian's office recently with my cat when a young woman came in. After she sat down next to me, she asked if I would mind if she took her pet iguana out of its carrier. It was just a baby, she said, and it liked being held. [B] Now, I'm not fond of iguanas. [C] They're strange, unpredictable creatures that belong deep in a rain forest, walking on the ground or resting high in the trees, which are hidden in the canopy. At that moment, the iguana slowly opened its eyes, which shone large and bright, from its scaly face. [D] Head slightly cocked, it regarded me, steadily and fixedly, like a judge delivering a verdict. Upon reviewing the essay and finding that some information has been left out, the writer composes the following sentence incorporating that information: She told me that her iguana especially liked attention when it was in unfamiliar surroundings, and that this was its first trip to the veterinarian. If the writer were to add this sentence to the essay, it would most logically be placed at: A. Point A in Paragraph 1. B. Point B in Paragraph 1. C. Point C in Paragraph 2. D. Point D in Paragraph 5.

B. Point B in Paragraph 1.

74C As a result, early maps relied on a geographically accurate scale that simply superimposed the twisting subway lines over standard maps of the city streets above. [A] These maps clearly depicted the few subway lines that extended into suburban London, but they compressed and obscured the compact, heavily trafficked routes that converged directly under central London. More a stylistic outline of the routes besides a true-to-life sketch; it did not represent actual distances between points. [B] Beck's map, modeled after electrical wiring diagrams, had a clean, grid-like structure having also color-coded routes. For most of his life, Beck continued to make small refinements to "the diagram," as he called his map, but he retained it's basic elements. [C] His deceptively simple diagrammatic approach to mapping, remains standard in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world. From Sydney, Australia, to Chicago, Illinois, urban transit maps continue to model this to navigate the spaces below. [D] The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the essay: Actual distances shouldn't matter to subway passengers, he believed, because they didn't have to make navigational decisions, such as choosing when to turn. If the writer were to add this sentence, it would most logically be placed at: A. Point A in Paragraph 1. B. Point B in Paragraph 2. C. Point C in Paragraph 4. D. Point D in Paragraph 4.

B. Point B in Paragraph 2.

PR1 The field of volcanology is devoted to understanding the formation and dynamics off volcanoes. [A] ... [B] Field research on dead or dormant volcanoes frequently involves analyzing the chemical makeup of the rocks around the volcano sites to determine the amounts of sulfur and iron in the rocks. ... Advising the public about when to evacuate and when to stay away from a site can save thousands of lives. [C] ... Because a career that involves camping by a soon-to-erupt volcano might seem spectacularly dangerous, only two U.S. geologists have ever died as a result of volcanic eruption. [D] The writer wants to add the following sentence to the essay: Whatever a volcano's status, volcanologists must conduct much of this monitoring on site. The sentence would most logically be placed at: A. Point A in Paragraph 2. B. Point B in Paragraph 3. C. Point C in Paragraph 4. D. Point D in Paragraph 5.

B. Point B in Paragraph 3.

B04 Suppose the author's primary purpose had been to offer an overview of a particular movement in theater. Would this essay accomplish that purpose? A. Yes, because it defines intimate theater and focuses on the buildings constructed to feature these unconventional performances. B. Yes, because it discusses the central elements of intimate theater with examples of specific performances. C. No, because it focuses on historical shifts in theatrical performance in general rather than specifically on intimate theater. D. No, because it offers several examples of intimate theater but does not identify any specific elements that are common to it.

B. Yes, because it discusses the central elements of intimate theater with examples of specific performances.

PT2 Yet, they themselves survive without "apology, with instead," their simple claims and complex colors. A. NO CHANGE B. apology, with, instead, C. apology with instead, D. apology with instead

B. apology, with, instead,

C03 Its socially conscious rhymes helped usher in a new generation of "artists and secured" Robinson's legacy in the landscape of commercial hip-hop. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable? A. artists, and it secured B. artists and securing C. artists and secure D. artists, securing

B. artists and securing

PT5 Antheil, who had synchronized player pianos for his compositions, had the mechanical knowledge that Lamarr needed to "instigate" her idea. A. NO CHANGE B. implement C. discharge D. uphold

B. implement

74C Head slightly cocked, it "regarded" me, steadily and fixedly, like a judge delivering a verdict. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable? A. scrutinized B. supposed C. appraised D. considered

B. supposed

B04 With these robots, as with mosquitoes, "rainstorms play a significant role in nature." Which choice best concludes the paragraph and the essay? A. NO CHANGE B. the smaller and lighter the body, the more durable it may be in rainstorms. C. it is a tough task to figure out how to make something fly. D. technology is changing quickly every day, just like nature.

B. the smaller and lighter the body, the more durable it may be in rainstorms.

PT5 Another is elaborate overstitching: thousands of layered stitches are applied to "its surface." A. NO CHANGE B. the surface of the fabric. C. the surface of it. D. their surface.

B. the surface of the fabric.

C03 Klimas attaches his camera to a "tripod and" positions the camera so it is level with the paint puddle. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable? A. tripod, and he B. tripod and he C. tripod. He D. tripod; he

B. tripod and he

A11 Over the course of three 1930s voyages, she led her team to the farthest reaches of the "Artic," in 1938, the group anchored close south of the North Pole. A. NO CHANGE B. Artic and C. Artic; D. Artic

C. Artic;

Z15 "The Cable Car "Lady" (as Klussmann came to be known)," had won. A. NO CHANGE B. Lady," (as Klussmann came to be known), C. Lady," as Klussmann came to be known, D. Lady," as Klussmann came to be known

C. Lady," as Klussmann came to be known,

PT3 It was exhausting to spend every day in the hot summer temperatures while pretending to be a person whom had lived in a different country and century. The physical demands were especially strenuous for the queen and us ladies-in-waiting because our costumes, they consisted of confining corsets, several scratchy petticoats, and heavy velvet gowns. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence: Many theme park characters have to wear uncomfortable costumes. Should the writer make this addition here? A. Yes, because it develops the essay's earlier comparison between Renaissance fairs and theme parks. B. Yes, because it elaborates on the preceding sentence's point about costumes. C. No, because it adds a comment that's only loosely related at this point in the essay. D. No, because it repeats information stated elsewhere in the essay.

C. No, because it adds a comment that's only loosely related at this point in the essay.

Z15 New Zealanders, however, believe that a dessert was served, "very similar to Sachse's confection" also in honor of Anna Pavlova, at a hotel in Wellington, New Zealand, as early as 1926. The best placement for the underlined portion would be: A. where it is now. B. after the word that. C. after the word dessert. D. after the year 1926 (and before the period).

C. after the word dessert.

74F As my friend Anna and I walked the sand dunes of southeastern New Mexico, she told me that she hoped we'd find a fulgurite, one as translucent white "as the southeastern New Mexico sands around us." A. NO CHANGE B. and nearly transparent to the eye almost as the white sands of these dunes. C. as these sands. D. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.

C. as these sands.

74F But at a length of twenty-two feet, Pollack's masterpiece was "best suited with" a grand voyage. A. NO CHANGE B. most well suited for C. better suited for D. best suited as

C. better suited for

74F To amass the staggering number of corks needed to construct the "boat, 165,231 in all, Pollack convinced the staff, of several restaurants" in Washington, DC, to donate discarded corks for his cause. A. NO CHANGE B. boat (165,231) in all, Pollack convinced the staff of several restaurants, C. boat—165,231 in all—Pollack convinced the staff of several restaurants D. boat, 165,231, in all, Pollack convinced the staff of several restaurants

C. boat—165,231 in all—Pollack convinced the staff of several restaurants

B04 Hurt thanks Lily by tossing a tennis ball for her to "chase;" Lily's long-time favorite reward for identifying the scent of dyer's woad. A. NO CHANGE B. chase; which C. chase, D. chase.

C. chase,

B05 Leonardo himself never actually built his parachute. If the writer were to delete the preceding sentence, the essay would primarily lose a: A. suggestion that Leonardo's parachute was ultimately credited to a different inventor. B. description of the obstacles Leonardo faced when attempting to construct his parachute. C. clarification that Leonardo's parachute was theoretical. D. detail that reveals the impracticality of Leonardo's parachute.

C. clarification that Leonardo's parachute was theoretical.

74C As a student in graduate school, Bassler became intrigued with other researchers' and their discoveries involving Vibrio "fischeri;" a luminescent marine bacteria. A. NO CHANGE B. fischeri which is C. fischeri, D. fischeri

C. fischeri,

B05 Yahav's hands move "fluidly; not pausing" while a story is being told. A. NO CHANGE B. fluidly, they do not pause, C. fluidly; they do not pause D. fluidly not pausing

C. fluidly; they do not pause

74C However, Mills was soon drawn back to the track, and, while still in the Marines, "races became part of his life" again. A. NO CHANGE B. his talent raced back to him C. he began racing D. racing was in his life

C. he began racing

74F The last gift came with a note in which the mystery artist reveals her gender. Whatever: whoever created the art, "your" intention is clear. A. NO CHANGE B. whose C. her D. our

C. her

Z15 The many variations of the dessert have allowed both countries to "call" one of their own early recipes as "the original pavlova." A. NO CHANGE B. make for C. point to D. refer

C. point to

A11 Featuring hyperlinks, "the user of the program was able" to visit other web pages with one click. A. NO CHANGE B. the program's user was enabled C. the program enabled the user D. it was easy for the user

C. the program enabled the user

C03 Today, hikers and bikers on the Historic Columbia River Highway Trail experience "a site that became a National Historic Landmark in 2000." Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best concludes the essay by referring back to the first paragraph. A. NO CHANGE B. the gorge on sections of the road where it wasn't feasible to restore motor vehicle traffic. C. the splendor of the highway that Hill and Lancaster envisioned over one hundred years ago. D. a beautiful path that has become a popular tourist destination.

C. the splendor of the highway that Hill and Lancaster envisioned over one hundred years ago.

74C These maps clearly depicted the few subway lines that extended into suburban London, but they compressed and obscured the compact, heavily trafficked routes that converged directly under central London. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following true statement: Today, the Tube, as the London Underground subway is called, covers approximately 250 miles of trackway. Should the writer make this addition here? A. Yes, because it provides details about the London Underground that explain the significance of the subway's modern name. B. Yes, because it suggests the need for clear, accurate maps of the expansive London Underground. C. No, because it is only loosely related to the information about the London Underground that is provided in the first paragraph. D. No, because it blurs the focus of the first paragraph, which is about the most recent maps of the London Underground.

D. No, because it blurs the focus of the first paragraph, which is about the most recent maps of the London Underground.

74C Luckily, Mills borrowed a pair and was ready to run when he hit the starting line. At this point, the writer is considering adding the fol- lowing true statement: Bob Hayes, another US runner in the Tokyo Olympics, ran with a borrowed shoe after real- izing he only had one of his two shoes with him; he then won the 100-meter race. Should the writer make this addition here? A. Yes, because it adds important details about two US track and field gold medalists in 1964. B. Yes, because it reveals that two runners used other people's shoes to win their races. C. No, because it shifts the essay's focus from the US track team members to their shoes. D. No, because it interrupts the essay's discussion of Mills preparing for and running the 10,000-meter race.

D. No, because it interrupts the essay's discussion of Mills preparing for and running the 10,000-meter race.

74F There, during the boat's successful journey on the Douro "River, in the country of Portugal," Pollack's dream was fully realized. A. NO CHANGE B. River, which is a river in Portugal, C. River in Portugal, D. River,

D. River,

74C I guardedly examined the animal: A dinosaur-like thing, it was the size of a cat but armored in gray-green scales, with a black-striped, whiplike tail two feet long. "It had a spine with tiny spikes," and its muscular limbs ended with what resembled crinkly leather gloves drawn tightly over fine-boned human hands. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one pro- vides the most precise description of the pattern of spikes on the iguana's spine? A. NO CHANGE B. I saw spikes that looked like they were just begin- ning to develop, C. There were small spikes on its armored back, D. Rows of budding spikes lined its spine,

D. Rows of budding spikes lined its spine,

73E "The Great Lakes region is also referred to as the "Fresh Coast" because of its fresh water." It doesn't feel like an ocean when we surf it, though. THe fresh water of Lake Michigan makes us slow and heavy on our boards; it doesn't have the salt that creates the buoyancy we get when surfing an ocean. Given that all the choices are true, which one most effectively introduces the paragraph and provides a transition into the rest of the essay? A. NO CHANGE B. Unlike the Pacific Ocean, with 63.8 million square surface miles, Lake Michigan has only 22,400 square surface miles. C. Michigan has 3,288 miles of Great Lakes coastline, more coastline than any state other than Alaska. D. With 22,400 square surface miles, Lake Michigan looks like an ocean.

D. With 22,400 square surface miles, Lake Michigan looks like an ocean.

PT5 My worries began to dissipate, otherwise, as I walked out of the airport and "upon" the balmy Hawaiian air. A. NO CHANGE B. amid C. onto D. into

D. into

PT5 With pattern names such as "elephant's foot" and "snail house" and images of animals framed by geometric designs, "paj ntaub patterns are versatile." Which choice most clearly builds on the information provided earlier in the sentence about a common theme in paj ntaub patterns and images? A. NO CHANGE B. only a master artist is able to create paj ntaub clothing for special occasions. C. paj ntaub patterns are extraordinarily colorful. D. paj ntaub celebrates the natural world.

D. paj ntaub celebrates the natural world.

Z15 Both Australia and New Zealand, "likewise," lay claim to being first to celebrate their luminous costumes and light-footed dancing with puffy clouds of meringue. A. NO CHANGE B. granted nevertheless, C. therefore, D. though,

D. though,

PT5 Pang xiong regrets that most people she knows today wear only "regular" clothes. The writer is considering revising the underlined portion to the following: mass produced Should the writer make this revision? F. Yes, because the revision creates a clearer contrast between the homogenous styles of clothing that are popular today and the handcrafted paj ntaub. G. Yes, because the revision emphasizes Pang Xiong's desire for her handcrafted paj ntaub to be sold on a large scale in stores. H. No, because the original word reinforces the idea that although paj ntaub clothing can be used for everyday wear, it should be saved for special occasions. J. No, because the original word more specifically describes the type of clothing Pang Xiong disapproves of.

F. Yes, because the revision creates a clearer contrast between the homogenous styles of clothing that are popular today and the handcrafted paj ntaub.

C03 [1] To investigate, Marshall began collecting data. [2] Other data required a closer look. [3] The skin of all mantas, for example, is embedded with tiny, toothlike "denticles." [4] Marshall found that denticles on some mantas were randomly spaced and occasionally overlapped, whereas denticles on other mantas were evenly spaced and never overlapped. [5] Another discovery was: that some mantas had egg-shaped masses at the base of their tail fins. [6] Each mass contained a bony spine about an inch long⁠—the vestige of a stinging barb from the manta's ancestors. The writer wants to add the following sentence to this paragraph: Some of the data were basic, such as manta coloration and size. The sentence would most logically be placed at: F. after Sentence 1. G: after Sentence 2. H: after Sentence 3. J: after Sentence 4.

F. after Sentence 1.

PT3 The effect is much like something that would remind you of a perfect jazz collaboration. If the writer were to delete the preceding sentence, the paragraph would primarily lose a description of Little's work that: F. builds on the subtle musical reference in the paragraph to create a comparison between Little's paintings and jazz. G. indicates the popularity of Little's paintings by drawing a comparison between his work and jazz collaborations. H. provides a transition to the following paragraph's focus on several assessments of Little's work by art critics. J. emphasizes the idea that Little's methods allowed him to reach the goals he uniquely set for his piece Bittersweet Victory.

F. builds on the subtle musical reference in the paragraph to create a comparison between Little's paintings and jazz.

Z15 With the signatures over 50,000 supporters, the committee's amendment was granted a spot on the ballot that November. Still, the mayor wanted to scrap the cable cars. Klussmann realized that the best way to protect the cable cars would be to pass an amendment to the city charter and the city would be required to retain them. Which sequence of sentences makes this paragraph most logical? F. NO CHANGE G. 2, 3, 1 H. 2, 1, 3 J. 1, 3, 2

G. 2, 3, 1

74C "On the contrary," in her own lab, Bassler found evidence of quorum sensing in a related bacterial species called Vibrio harveyi. F. NO CHANGE G. Eventually, H. Ordinarily, J. Namely,

G. Eventually,

74C Instead, they all stayed home, and the audience never knew the difference. The writer is considering deleting the preceding sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted? F. Kept, because it suggests that audiences eventually came to know about Foley's work. G. Kept, because it ends the essay with a detail that suggests the impact of Foley's work on both the makers and viewers of movies. H. Deleted, because it shifts the focus of the paragraph from Foley to the movie's director, making a weak ending to an essay about Foley. J. Deleted, because it suggests that Foley's work was insignificant to the public.

G. Kept, because it ends the essay with a detail that suggests the impact of Foley's work on both the makers and viewers of movies.

74F As a young boy, John Pollack dreamed of building a full-size boat made entirely of bottle cork s. [A] At the age of thirty-four, Pollack sailed his dream down the Douro River in Portugal. It all began as Pollack is likely to point out, with a single cork. To amass the staggering number of corks needed to construct the boat, 165,231 in all, Pollack convinced the staff, of several restaurants in Washington, DC, to donate discarded corks for his cause. [B] Pollack eventually received cork donations from a cork-importing company based in Portugal. Pollack finally tried gluing the corks together to create stack able logs, but he soon realized that this strategy was too time-consuming . [C] He calculated that it would have taken him and one other person more then a year's worth of eight-hour days to glue all the corks needed for the boat. The completed cork boat, which resembled a Viking ship, was more impressive than Pollack had ever imagined. [D] In his childhood imagination, he had saw himself floating the boat in his neighbor's swimming pool. The writer wants to add the following sentence to the essay: "Remember," he would say as he made his daily pick ups, "every cork counts." The sentence would most logically be placed at: F. Point A in Paragraph 1 . G. Point B in Paragraph 2 . H. Point C in Paragraph 3 . J. Point D in Paragraph 5 .

G. Point B in Paragraph 2 .

PT5 [1] The group portrait, as big as a billboard, hangs in the US Capitol building, where it was installed in 1940. [2] Christy's prior preparations in advance of the work included a visit to Philadelphia to study how the light falls through the windows in Independence Hall. [3] Christy arranged to see the inkwells into which the quills would have been dipped as the delegates prepared to make history. [4] He scoured countless drawings of period furniture and fabrics, noting color, texture, design. [5] Hunting down portraits of the signers and scrutinized them. The writer wants to add the following statement to the paragraph: He deliberately timed his trip for September, the month in which the thirty-nine signers had put their names on the revered document. This statement would most logically be placed after: F. Sentence 1. G. Sentence 2. H. Sentence 3. J. Sentence 4.

G. Sentence 2.

C03 "Though willow trees are often found near water and have become religious symbols in many cultures," its medicinal use gradually fell out of favor in Europe. Given all the choices are true, which one would provide the most logical transition to the new subject of this paragraph? F. NO CHANGE G. While the use of willow bark remained a commonplace method to reduce aches, pains, and fevers around the world, H. Though the ancient Egyptian physician Imhotep was worshipped as a god of healing and thought to have used willow bark, J. Despite the fact that possible side effects to using willow bark could sometimes include stomach aches and dizziness,

G. While the use of willow bark remained a commonplace method to reduce aches, pains, and fevers around the world,

A11 Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to describe how one artist uses a work of art to educate people about an issue the artist feels is important. Would this essay accomplish that purpose? F. Yes, because it describes how Dion saw that local forests were being destroyed and then decided to make a sculpture out of a fallen tree. G. Yes, because it describes Dion's nature-based installation and explains the message Dion hopes to convey through Neukom Vivarium. H. No, because it focuses on what Dion's installation looks like and how it contributes to the Olympic Sculpture Park. J. No, because it fails to indicate what Neukom Vivarium's viewers actually learn from the installation.

G. Yes, because it describes Dion's nature-based installation and explains the message Dion hopes to convey through Neukom Vivarium.

Z15 He proposed replacing the cable cars with "buses that would operate reliably, on the steep streets of San Francisco," and be profitable. F. NO CHANGE G. buses that would operate reliably on the steep streets of San Francisco H. buses, that would operate reliably, on the steep streets of San Francisco J. buses, that would operate reliably on the steep streets of San Francisco

G. buses that would operate reliably on the steep streets of San Francisco

C03 The vibrations produced by Daft Punk's dance anthem "Around the World" "has caused" the paint to rise and fall, to string and swirl, to splatter and stretch. F. NO CHANGE G. cause H. is causing J. causes

G. cause

PT2 Hundreds of blue holes "can be sighted off" the Bahamas. Which choice most effectively suggests the shape of blue holes as described earlier in the essay? F. NO CHANGE G. dot the waters of H. darken parts of J. appear in

G. dot the waters of

73E Like "Wong performed there," her performances in plays and operettas on the continent and in Great Britain were lauded by critics. F. NO CHANGE G. her performance in this film, H. Wong's performances, J. DELETE the underlined portion

G. her performance in this film,

B05 Nicholas had to cut himself free near the end of the "jump and deploy" his backup parachute. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable? F. jump so he could deploy G. jump that deployed H. jump, deploying J. jump to deploy

G. jump that deployed

B05 In her sand animation performances, artist Ilana Yahav tells stories through a series of images she creates by "operating" a layer of sand on a glass surface. F. NO CHANGE G. manipulating H. leveraging J. contriving

G. manipulating

B02 Although the Himalayan range was thought to have remained relatively unchanged over these tens of millions of years, Catlos was surprised to discover that some of the garnets she had collected formed "less than that many" years ago. Which choice draws the most specific contrast between the presumed age of the Himalayas and the age of the garnets Catlos collected? F. NO CHANGE G. only a few million H. not very many J. DELETE the underlined portion.

G. only a few million

C03 Robinson wasted no time in recruiting three aspiring "rappers:" Big Bank Hank, Master Gee, and Wonder Mike⁠—to record on her label as the Sugarhill Gang. F. NO CHANGE G. rappers⁠— H. rappers; J. rappers,

G. rappers⁠—

74C The reptile's calmness amazed me, as did the "caress that was given tenderly from the woman to her pet" and watched it peacefully rest. F. NO CHANGE G. tenderness with which the woman caressed her pet H. woman caressing her pet tenderly J. tenderness the woman showed

G. tenderness with which the woman caressed her pet

74C Still, willing to try anything to rise subway ridership and therefore revenues, "a limited number of copies were printed." F. NO CHANGE G. the board printed a limited number of copies. H. copies in a limited number were printed. J. copies printed in a limited number.

G. the board printed a limited number of copies.

PR1 Almost a decade later, Babbage delivered a lecture on a new, more sophisticated machine—the Analytical Engine. The transcript of this lecture was published only in French. After reading that version, Lovelace decided to translate it into English. As she did so, she wrote footnotes to contribute her own additional insights, including many that greatly clarified the mechanism of Babbage's work and expanded on its vast potential. 22 In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard had invented a weaving machine that "read" a series of punched cards to determine which patterns to weave. Babbage proposed that, in his machine, such a card could specify mathematical operations Lovelace quickly grasped. This idea's immense potential and strove to demonstrate it. Today, her outline of the input data needed to calculate certain numbers have been widely regarded as the first computer program. Further, she predicted that such a machine could be used to do more than just manipulate numbers. Lovelace's suggestion that such a machine could produce diverse things: scientific analysis, visual images, and music) to foreshadow the digital revolution. At this point, the writer is considering dividing the paragraph into two. Making this change could help organize the essay by separating: F. a suggestion that Lovelace took unwarranted liberties in the act of translation from an explanation of why she did so. G. an overview of the limitations of Babbage's lecture from an explanation of how the Analytical Engine could improve industries such as weaving. H. details of how Lovelace translated the French text from an explanation of Babbage's response to that translation. J. an introduction to Lovelace's translation from details that establish why it was so extraordinary.

J. an introduction to Lovelace's translation from details that establish why it was so extraordinary.

74C In her lab at Princeton University, molecular biologist, Bonnie Bassler leans over a collection of petri "dishes; her face" illuminated by an aquamarine glow. F. NO CHANGE G. dishes and her face is H. dishes, her face is J. dishes, her face

J. dishes, her face

74C Low-budget solutions to big problems "that eventually" earned him the status of a Hollywood legend. F. NO CHANGE G. about which they eventually H. that eventually even so J. eventually

J. eventually

PT5 Warm, mellow tones "accrued" from the instrument, complementing the lyrical rhythm of the Hawaiian words he sang. F. NO CHANGE G. distributed H. appeared J. issued

J. issued

B05 We observers stood next to each other shoulder to shoulder and observed as the ascending sun "lit the sky golden and casted" a rosy blush onto the clouds below. F. NO CHANGE G. alighted the sky-golden and casted H. alighted the sky golden and cast J. lit the sky golden and cast

J. lit the sky golden and cast

74C This AI-2, which Bassler has described as a chemical "trade language," makes it possible for bacteria to communicate with other species of bacteria in the "same neck of the woods." F. NO CHANGE G. neighboring proximity. H. surrounding locale. J. vicinity.

J. vicinity.