Adipose Tissue
What is the composition of adipose tissue?
Mostly lipid, then water and protein.
How much more efficient is lipid at storing energy then protein and carbohydrates?
6 times more efficient.
What must adipocytes be attached to preform its function?
A capillary.
What is a fatty acid?
A carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain, either unsaturated or saturated.
What are adipocytes and their capillaries surrounded by?
A complex net-like connective tissue structure.
What is an oil?
A liquid triacylglycerol.
What is a fat?
A solid triacylglycerol
What is adipose tissue?
A type of connective tissue located in various regions of the body.
What does adipose tissue contain?
A variety of cells or adipocytes.
How does size affect adipose tissue composition?
Adipocyte size and number, and fatty acid composition.
What are the cells found in adipose tissue?
Adipocytes, preadipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and stomal/vascular cells.
What is the largest depot of stored energy in the body?
Adipose Tissue
What are factors affecting adipose tissue composition?
Age, Anatomical location, Species, Genetics, Gender, Nutrition.
How does fatty acid composition vary?
Among species and adipose depots.
What is a triacylglycerol?
An ester of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol.
Where is Visceral adipose tissue located? What function does it preform?
Around internal organs such as the liver, kidney and heart. It has a protective function.
Where is subcutaneous adipose tissue located?
Beneath the skin.
Where is intermuscular adipose tissue located?
Between muscles, "seam fat".
How do genetics affect adipose tissue composition?
Breed and strain differences.
What are stomal/vascular cells? Where are they located? What % of weight do they make up of adipose tissue?
Connective tissue, located in the circulatory system, 10%.
What breed of animal accumulate excessive amounts of marbling?
Corn fed, long fed Wagyu steer.
How does anatomical location affect adipose tissue composition?
Different fat depots accumulate lipid at different rates and times. Also within a fat depot the fatty acid composition varies.
What are adipocytes functions for WAT and BAT?
Energy storage for WAT and Thermogenesis for BAT.
How does gender affect adipose tissue composition?
Estrogen promotes lipid deposition and testosterone inhibits lipid deposition.
What is fat also referred to as in this class?
Lipid.
What are adipocytes? What % do they make up in adipose tissue? Weight?
Mature fat cells capable of storing lipid, 50%, 90%.
Are the the 3 fatty acid chains in a triacylglycerol usually the same?
No.
What does adipose tissue comprise?
One of the largest organs in the body.
What do the nets of connective tissue form and where?
Organized structures in the tissue called Lobules.
What are Mesenchymal stem cells?
Pluripotent stem cells which have the ability to differentiate into preadipocytes with the proper stimulus.
What are preadipocytes? Do they proliferate? Do they store lipid?
Precursors to adipocytes, capable of proliferation. They do not store lipid.
How do species affect adipose tissue composition?
Species differences in adipose tissue composition are largely due to differences in lipid metabolism.
What do adipocytes do?
Store large quantities of triacylglycerol.
What is fat made up of?
Triacylglycerol.
How is energy stored?
Triglyceride or lipid
What are the adipose tissue depots?
Visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, intermuscular adipose tissue, and intramuscular adipose tissue.
What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?
White adipose tissue (WAT) and Brown adipose tissue (BAT).
Where is intramuscular adipose tissue located? What is it important for? When does this depot develop?
in the perimysium between muscle fiber bundles. It is important for marbling, gives meat its flavor. It develops last.