Adolescent Development Exam 1

which of the following characteristics is associated with being an early-maturing boy?

a more positive self-image

which of the following statements about changes in the brain during adolescence is true?

adolescents are more likely than children to use multiple parts of the brain simultaneously

which of the following is one of the results of improvements in social cognition?

adolescents become better able to interpret the feelings of others

One discrepancy in the way that society treats adolescents is that courts have ruled that teenagers have the right to obtain _______; however, the courts have also upheld laws forbidding adolescents to obtain _______

contraceptives; cigarettes or vulgar magazines

the divergence of views between adolescents and parents that is common in families consisting of immigrant parents and U.S.-acculturated adolescents is called generational _____________

dissonance

the children who are most likely to think of themselves as being "off schedule" with respect to their physical development are girls who mature _______ and boys who mature _______

early; late

Senator Perkins is interested in making laws that will reduce the number of car crashes involving teens. Based on the scientific research in this chapter, which advice should he follow as he drafts a bill?

encourage adults to ride along with teen drivers

The physical developments of puberty are influenced by which of the following?

environmental factors

compared to a child, an older adolescent is likely to

face a range of decisions that may have serious long-term consequences

Professor Kendall has been researching adolescent maturation around the world. Which of the following is she likely to determine has the smallest role in determining group differences in pubertal maturation?

genetics

Black, Hispanic, and Native American youth have more trouble negotiating the transition into adulthood than do their counterparts of which group or groups?

White and Asian youth

which of the following research findings best describes the phenomenon known as generational dissonance?

recent studies have found that stress and conflict are higher in Latino families in which adolescents are relatively more acculturated than their parents

which of the following statements regarding divorce in America is true?

social support from relatives buffers the effects of living in a single-parent household

in recent years, which of these scientific techniques has taught us the most about how the brain changes during adolescence?

studies that use imaging techniques

the researcher Daniel Kahneman would agree with which statement?

teenagers and adults often behave illogically

during the industrial revolution, child protectionists argued that

young people needed to be kept away from the labor force

which of the following is a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

it is the process of going through a divorce, not the new family structure that results from one, that most affects the mental health of adolescents

Adolescents who are convicted of crimes become part of the __________ justice system, whereas adults convicted of the same crimes are part of the _________ justice system

juvenile; criminal

which of the following brain systems is responsible for processing emotions, social information, and rewards?

limbic system

compared to the situation 50 or 60 years ago, today's transition to adulthood is

long and disorderly

Dr.Davis is interested in how puberty affects adjustment. He studies a group of 100 junior high school students over the course of three years. He is conducting what kind of study?

longitudinal

which of the following is true about obesity?

obesity is a body mass index at or above the 95th percentile

adults tend to be _______ when their children are adolescents than the past generation

older

which of the following is part of the feedback loop in the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

during puberty, individuals who mature early are likely to exhibit which of the following?

problem behavior, such as drug use

today, most people go through ____________ earlier than they did 100 years ago, but they tend to stay in _________ longer

puberty; school

an adolescent of average intelligence would most likely have an IQ score of

100

at about what age do adolescents score as well as adults on tests of working memory and logical reasoning?

15

the text suggests that _______ are a good explanation of adolescent egocentrism

new metacognitive abilities

which of the following is the best example of the diathesis-stress model in action?

Anita's father has obsessive-compulsive disorder. After Anita's girlfriend breaks up with her, Anita begins to show signs of obsessive-compulsive behavior

Brianna, an adolescent girl, is more susceptible to feelings of body dissatisfaction if she compares herself to

Ayomi, her best friend

Adrenarche contributes to the development of _____________, signaling the beginning of sexual maturation to others.

body odor

which of the following adolescents is most likely to maintain a healthy weight?

Charice, who is a member of her school's tennis team

which of the following individuals is likely to have the most difficulty negotiating the transition into adolescence in the United States?

Charlie, a Native American

which of the following adolescents is most likely to be living in a single-parent household?

Jeff, a Black adolescent

which of the following students is most at risk of developing depression?

Sofia, a teenage girl who stays up until 12 a.m. using her smartphone and begins school at 8 a.m.

Arwen and Nick have dated exclusively for 18 months and say they are in love. Both are age 20 and live in the United States. Based on what you have read in this chapter, which of these statements is most likely to be true?

They will marry later than their counterparts of 40 years ago did

in childhood, moral guidelines are seen as

absolutes

Piaget theorists believe that the use of _________ is the chief feature of adolescent thinking that differentiates it from the type of thinking employed by children

abstract logical reasoning

which of the following is one of the 10 Principles of Good Parenting?

adapt your parenting to fit your child

which of the following statements about body image is true?

adolescents' feelings about their bodies when they begin puberty change little over time

when a specific gene has more than one version, those versions are known as

alleles

which of the following statements about family conflict is true?

among teenagers and parents who report having problems, the great majority had problematic relationships during childhood

adolescents' persistent arguments over rules are most likely a result of

an increase in relativism

the potentially fatal disorder in which young women actually starve themselves is called

anorexia nervosa

before the industrial revolution, the term child referred to

anyone under the age of 18 or 21

research of the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that most adolescents

appear to maintain close, respectful, and loving relationships with parents

Yusuf's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and even if they don't agree to change the rule, they are least listen to his opinions. Yusuf's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?

authoritative

individuals who were adolescents in the late 1950s and 1960s are known as members of the

baby-boom generation

Your professor asks you to develop a series of questions for your classmates that are within their zone of proximal development. What is the best way to describe these questions?

challenging without being at frustration level

the boy scouts is an example of an organization that grew out of the _________ school of thought

child protectionist

in modern societies, people are expected to perform capably in the realms of work, family, and citizenship upon becoming adults

despite having little experience with them as adolescents

which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys?

growth of testes and scrotum

reward seeking and sensation seeking are

higher during adolescence than they were in childhood

which term below refers to the ability to suspend beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract?

hypothetical thinking

Viktor feels like his parents do not care about him because they allow him to set his own rules and they seldom provide much support. He even wishes they would punish him because that would at least indicate they are paying attention to him. Viktor's parents would be described best as fitting which of Baumrind's parenting styles?

indifferent

which of the following factors is most important in determining the onset of puberty?

information coded in an individual's genes

13-year-old Ari is Bar Mitzvahed and gains the right to take part in public worship in his synagogue. Which of these terms would a psychologist use to describe Ari's Bar Mitzvah?

initiation ceremony

Osman is a junior high student anticipating puberty. He wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until he looks like and is considered an adult. His health teacher tells him that the timing and rate of puberty...

is highly variable and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

Bella is 26. She expected to receive a two-year degree but has not yet finished it. She goes on dates a couple times a month. She has her own apartment but still gets a small monthly allowance from her mother. Based on the description of developmental task domains, many psychologists would consider Bella to be

maintaining

Adolescents tend to perceive their mothers as ________ than their fathers

more controlling

As a result of mentalizing and developing a theory of mind, adolescents become

more skilled at telling lies to parents and peers

over the course of adolescence, relationships among siblings become more egalitarian but __________ distant and ___________ emotionally intense

more; less

why do adolescents who move into wealthier neighborhoods sometimes feel worse off than their peers who stay in less wealthy neighborhoods?

moving to a wealthier neighborhood makes it easier to contrast their situations with their new neighbors' circumstances

which of the following is one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence?

multidimensional thought

the brain functions by transmitting electrical signals across circuits that are composed of interconnected nerve cells called

neurons

which of the following statements about adolescents who have been adopted or spent time in foster care is true?

research with youth in the foster care system consistently indicates that these individuals have more problems than other youth

Jesse is in the seventh grade at a school that has open classrooms with multiple teachers instructing their classes in one large area. Which of the following cognitive processes will help Jesse focus on his teacher?

selective attention

what emotional characteristics makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?

sensation seeking

Amalia is most likely to be adversely affected by her parents' divorce if

she blames herself for her parents' problems

Jacob is looking forward to the upcoming presidential election because he is now able to cast his vote. Based on your knowledge of the social redefinition of adolescence, what has Jacob attained?

the age of majority

melatonin levels change naturally in response to

the amount of light

which of the following statements about puberty in girls is true?

the development of the areola and nipple are far better indicators of sexual maturation than is breast size

the fact that most books for parents of teenagers tend to focus on the problems instead of normative development is concerning because

the more parents believe in the stereotypes, the worse their relationships with their teenagers become

which of the following themes is a usual element in the process of social redefinition?

the passing on of cultural, historical, and practical information

which of the following is an aspect of social redefinition?

the real or symbolic separation from parents

which of the following is true about adolescents who have been exposed to violence?

they are more likely to think about killing themselves

At the time of peak height velocity, adolescents grow at about the same rate as

toddlers

an adolescent living in a poor neighborhood may benefit more from ______ than adolescents from other neighborhoods

vigilant parental monitoring

Professor Ngo is studying family transitions. According to family systems theory, he is most likely to see dramatic changes in family relationships during which of the following events?

when individual family members are changing, such as during adolescence