Adolescent PSych Chapter 10-11
The percentage of full-time U.S. college students who were employed in 2011 was approximately a) 41% b) 26% c) 31% d) 56%
a) 41%
The City Connects program involves site coordinators and teachers collaborating to develop a plan that might include a) An after-school program b) Tutoring c) Family counseling d) All
All
Christine wants to be a nursery-school teacher. While still in high school, she takes a class through which she works part of each day at the day-care center her school operates for the children of students, teachers, and staff. Christine is participating in a) A vocational class b) None c) A theory to practice class d) A paid internship
a) A vocational class
Students in authoritarian classrooms often develop a) All b) Passive learning habits c) Poor communication skills d) Anxiety about social comparison
a) All
Which of the following statements regarding Chinese schools is TRUE? a) All b) Classrooms are large but orderly c) Chinese schools send students with discipline problems home immediately d) Parents are responsible for orienting their adolescents to behave in school
a) All
Which topic does the No Child Left Behind legislation NOT measure? a) All b) Social skills c) Creativity d) Flexible thinking
a) All
Being a high school dropout increases the likelihood of ______ during emerging adulthood a) Attempted suicide b) Divorce c) High levels of neuroticism d) Poor peer relations
a) Attempted Suicide
One of the largest mentoring programs, which pairs volunteer mentors with at-risk youth, is a) Big Brothers Big Sisters b) 4-H Club c) the Sweet Adelines d) the Shriners
a) Big Brothers Big Sisters
Cody wants to become a professional hockey player. Research has shown which of the following probably had the strongest influence on Cody's interest in pursuing a career in sports? a) His father supports his sport talent b) His hockey coach encourages him c) He has older siblings who are involved in hockey. d) His mother supports his ideas
a) His father supports his sports talent
New treatments for ADHD include all of the following EXCEPT a) Horseback riding b) Neurofeedback c) Mindfulness training d) Exercise
a) Horseback riding
Educating a child or adolescent with special education needs in the regular classroom full-time is called a) Inclusion b) Modified education c) Supplemented education d) Mainstreaming
a) Inclusion
Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation a) Intrinsic factors b) Cognitive factors c) Incentives d) Extrinsic factors
a) Intrinsic factors
Claudia is a 23-year-old emerging adult. Her transition from school to work is most strongly influenced by her a) Level of education b) geographic location c) Personality d) Ethnic background
a) Level of education
Research by Walter Mischel has indicated that delay of gratification during the preschool years is related to all of the following EXCEPT a) Marital satisfaction b) Body mass index c) Academic success d) Income during childhood
a) Marital satisfaction
Which of the following statements about anxiety is TRUE? a) Moderate levels can be found in many successful students b) Many successful students have extremely high levels of anxiety c) Anxiety is a specific, focused feeling of fear. d) Anxiety decreases across the school years.
a) Moderate levels can be found in many successful students
A learning disability can involve all of the following EXCEPT difficulty with a) Music b) Spelling c) Math d) Reading
a) Music
In the study by Englund, Luckner, and Whaley regarding parental expectations of academic success, what were the general findings? a) Parental expectations of academic success were related to the level of education obtained by the child. b) Parental expectations of academic success were not related to level of education obtained by the child. c) Parental expectations of academic success were related to income level as an adult. d) Parental expectations of academic success were more strongly related to the child's perceived academic competence than to high school GPA.
a) Parental expectations of academic success were related to the level of education obtained by the child.
Which of the following is a significant predictor of less persistence on challenging tasks? a) Poverty b) Being male c) Having high rates of neuroticism d) Popularity
a) Poverty
In one study, almost 50 percent of dropouts said their primary reason for leaving school was a) School-related b) Personal c) Economic d) Peer related
a) School-related
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the obstacles to achievement? a) Setting extremely high standards for yourself so that success is nearly impossible is related to positive academic outcomes. b) Some students intentionally goof off before a test so that they can blame their failure on goofing off. c) Moderate anxiety is related to good academic performance d) One form of procrastination is spending a lot of time on one part of the assignment while never finishing the other parts of the assignment.
a) Setting extremely high standards for yourself so that success is nearly impossible is related to positive academic outcomes.
Shelby's parents devalue her choice of career. Shelby wants to become a cosmetologist. Her long-term goal is to own and manage her own day spa offering a range of services. Her parents want her to go to college and "become someone other than a glorified hairdresser." Research has shown that a) Shelby may be influenced by her parents' values and beliefs b) Shelly will do none of these c) Shelby will ignore her parents and pursue her dream d) Shelby will probably change her mind and go to college to please her parents.
a) Shelby may be influenced by her parents' values and beliefs
If adolescents are to be adequately prepared for tomorrow's jobs, schools must take an active role in ensuring that students become a) Technologically literate b) Forward thinkers c) Bilingual d) None
a) Technologically literate
Perfection a) is related to increased risk of depression and suicide ideation. b) increases the likelihood that teens will experience academic success. c) is associated with authoritative parenting d) occurs when students set realistic goals
a) is related to increased risk of depression and suicide ideation.
Elena, a college junior, has gradually been increasing her hours at her job. According to research, Elena may a) See a decrease in her grades b) Have fewer financial concerns than her friends c) All d) Develop a sleep disorder due to anxiety
a) see a decrease in her grades
The top-dog phenomenon occurs when a) students go from being the most powerful in a school to the least powerful in a new, higher-level school. b) shy students compete with more assertive students for respect of their peers. c) older students bully younger students in the school setting d) teachers let students know that they are in control in the classroom
a) students go from being the most powerful in a school to the least powerful in a new, higher-level school.
About what percentage of adolescents today combine school and part-time work? a) 60% b) 90% c) 35% d) 45%
b) 90%
Which of the following statements regarding social comparison is TRUE? a) Children are more likely to engage in social comparison than adolescents. b) Adolescents are more likely to engage in social comparison than children. c) Adolescents are most likely to compare themselves to people who are different from them. d) Adolescents freely admit that they engage in social comparison
b) Adolescents are more likely to engage in social comparison than children.
Which of the following behaviors is a form of procrastination? a) Deceiving yourself that a mediocre performance is acceptable b) All c) Overestimating your abilities and resources d) Persevering on only part of your task
b) All
Which of the following statements regarding paid work and adolescents in other countries is TRUE? a) U.S. adolescents are more likely to participate in paid labor than are European adolescents. b) All c) In many countries, boys often spend more time in paid work than girls d) In many countries, girls often spend more time in unpaid work than boys.
b) All
What role do peers play in bullying? a) Peers encourage bullying because bullies often gain social status by bullying victims. b) Both c) Neither d) Peer support can prevent bullying because bullies are less likely to target those with friends who can defend the person being bullied.
b) Both
Employers expect employees to have all of the following basic skills EXCEPT the ability to a) Read to relatively high levels b) Do basic geometry c) Solve semistructured problems d) Communicate effectively both verbally and in writing
b) Do basic geometry
Researcher Sandra Graham found that middle-SES African American students a) Attribute failure to bad luck b) do not fit the stereotype of being unmotivated c) Have low achievement expectations d) All
b) Do not fit the stereotype of being unmotivated
The _____ Act allows states to scale back the role that test scores play in holding schools accountable for student achievement a) Common Core b) Every Student Succeeds c) I Have A Dream d) No Child Left Behind
b) Every Student Succeeds
Which of the following is NOT a social context in career development? a) Influences of peers b) Geographical location c) Socioeconomic status d) Influences of parents
b) Geographical location
A student who has not yet made a commitment to a career but is still exploring options is in a) Identity achievement b) Identity moratorium c) Identity diffusion d) Identity Foreclosure
b) Identity Moratorium
A major concern of experts is that ADHD is being a) Undiagnosed b) Incorrectly diagnosed c) Overdiagnosed d) None
b) Incorrectly diagnosed
According to Gollnick & Chinn, Sawyer, Spencer & others, which of the following students is MOST likely to be enrolled in a special-education class? a) Oscar, a non-latino white adolescent b) Joey, a latino adolescent c) Emmie, an asian adolescent d) Greta, an exchange student from Austria
b) Joey, a latino adolescent
An important goal in the direct instruction approach to learning is a) None b) Maximizing student learning time c) The development of critical thinking skills d) Collaboration
b) Maximizing student learning time
ADHD is best treated with a) Antidepressant medications b) Medication and behavior management c) Stimulant medication d) Behavior management without medication
b) Medication and behavior management
Carol Dweck refers to the cognitive view that individuals develop for themselves as their a) Self ideal b) Mindset c) Self appraisal d) Mindmap
b) Mindset
Some experts in the area of adolescent giftedness believe that the inadequate education of gifted adolescents has been compounded by _____, which focuses on underperforming students at the expense of the gifted a) I Have a Dream Program b) No Child Left Behind c) IDEA d) All
b) No Child Left Behind
The "I Have A Dream" Program is designed to a) Prevent teen pregnancy b) Prevent kids from dropping out of school c) Prepare students to open their own business d) Promote greater harmony among diverse ethnic groups
b) Prevent students from dropping out of school
Which of the following is NOT a self-handicapping strategy? a) Cramming for a test b) Setting challenging but realistic goals c) Putting off a project until the last minute d) Surface learning
b) Setting challenging but realistic goals
Being a good planner means all of the following EXCEPT a) Having good time-management skills b) Setting low level goals c) Setting priorities d) being organized
b) Setting low level goals
Students in permissive strategy classrooms have all of the following EXCEPT a) Inadequate academic skills b). Support for developing learning skills c) Low self-control d) Considerable autonomy
b) Support for developing learning skills
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the parenting of Asian-American parents? a) The "tiger" parenting style was associated with the worst developmental outcomes out of all of the parenting styles of Asian-American parents. b) The "easygoing" parenting style was linked to the most positive developmental outcomes for Asian- American teens. c) Most Asian American parents use a "tiger" parenting style d) Tiger parenting increases for fathers and decreases for mothers across adolescence.
b) The "easygoing" parenting style was linked to the most positive developmental outcomes for Asian- American teens.
What is the best explanation as to why the U.S. has a lower percentage of adults with a college education than many other countries? a) U.S. colleges are more academically difficult than colleges in other countries. b) The high cost of a college education in the prevents many from attending college c) None d) Poor math and science performance among U.S. high school students prevents many from getting into college.
b) The high cost of a college education in the prevents many from attending college
No Child Left Behind places responsibility for student learning primarily on a) The federal government b) The states' c) The teachers union d) Individual towns and communities
b) The states'
American colleges are criticized because a) Few students complete their degrees b) They teach general versus specific job skills c) they are too selective in the admissions requirements d) They offer degrees in too few areas
b) They teach versus specific job skills
Talent Search, a high school dropout prevention program, provides all of the following services to at-risk students EXCEPT a) Training in test-taking skills b) Vocational Training c) Mentoring d) Tutoring
b) Vocational Training
Adolescents with a performance orientation are focused on a) Skill development b) Winning c) Accountability d) Self-efficacy
b) Winning
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds dropout-reduction programs that emphasize which strategy? a) placing students with community mentors at least five hours each week b) keeping at-risk students with the same teachers through their high school years c) peer mentoring and tutoring d) Saturday school to help students catch up with their peers academically
b) keeping at-risk students with the same teachers through their high school years
The "jigsaw classroom" was developed by a) John Dewey b) Peter Blos c) Elliot Aronson d) Maryann Bright
c) Elliot Aronson
Mrs. Sands is a school counselor. When interviewed about what she likes LEAST about her job, research has shown that she is most likely to say, a) "School psychologists should be doing this job; I need to focus on students with mental health issues." b) "My job is becoming obsolete; most school districts are contracting out to neighborhood career centers to help students choose their careers." c) "I have too many students to advise and not enough time in my day." d) "Kids today don't want my help; I have too much 'down time'."
c) "I have too many students to advise and not enough time in my day."
The unemployment rate for college graduates is ______ which is ______ than previous years. a) 5.6%; higher b) 10.2%; higher c) 5.6%; lower d) 2.4%; lower
c) 5.6%; lower
In a recent survey it was found that approximately what percentage of part-time college students were employed? a) 25% b) 50% c) 80% d) 100%
c) 80%
What is a cooperative (co-op) education program? a) A part-time job b) For college juniors and seniors c) A co-op is a paid apprenticeship in the student's career of choice d) It is unpaid work experience that may or may not be related to a student's career of choice
c) A co-op is a paid apprenticeship in the student's career of choice
ADHD is categorized as a) A cognitive impairment b) A mental illness c) A disability d) An emotional disturbance
c) A disability
Three important aspects of the Comer Project for Change are a governance and management team that develops a comprehensive school plan, assessment strategy, and staff development plan; a parent's program; and a) A program for siblings b) A strong focus on life skills c) A mental health or school support team d) A strong focus on athletics
c) A mental health or school support team
Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by a) Difficulty at processing information b) Repetitive behaviors c) All d) Problems with social interaction
c) All
The math instruction of American and Asian students differs in all of the following ways EXCEPT a) Asian students spend more days in school than American students; they have more time to do math. b) Asian teachers spend more time teaching math than American teachers. c) American parents are more likely than Asian parents to attribute their children's math achievement to lack of effort d) Asian students are more likely to do math homework than American students.
c) American parents are more likely than Asian parents to attribute their children's math achievement to lack of effort
A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored for children or adolescents with a disability is called a) An inclusion plan b) A child-centered plan c) An individualized education plan d) A mainstreaming plan
c) An individualized education plan
Jared wants to be an auto mechanic and to someday own his own shop. Where is Jared most likely to receive his education in automotive technology? a) At a 4 year institution b) At a vocational high school c) At a 2 year college d) On the job
c) At a 2 year college
Adolescents have improved self-efficacy and achievement when they set goals that are specific, proximal, and a) Realistic b) Distal c) Challenging d) Easy to attain
c) Challenging
Encouraging self-determination through personal choice in the classroom has been shown to be related to all of the following EXCEPT a) All b) Intrinsic Motivation c) Connection to parents and peers d) Engagementin academic activities
c) Connection to parents and peers
The two main approaches to student learning are constructivist and a) Cooperative b) Intrumental c) Direct Instruction d) Deconstructivist
c) Direct Instruction
The reason most frequently given for stress and depression among college students is a) having too many assignments and too little time to complete them b) Living away from home c) fear of failing in a success-oriented world d) Pressure from parents to get good grades
c) Fear of failing in a success-oriented world
Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrinsic motivation in achievement? a) Psychoanalytical approaches b) Existential approaches c) Humanistic approaches d) Behavioral approaches
c) Humanistic approaches
Which of the following statements related to mastery and performance learning is NOT true a) Mastery and performance goals combined often benefit students' success b) For performance-oriented individuals, skill development and self-efficacy take a backseat to winning. c) Mastery and performance goals are mutually exclusive. d) No Child Left Behind encourages a performance rather than a mastery orientation on the part of the students.
c) Mastery and performance goals are mutually exclusive.
Research has shown that spending over 20 hours of time in paid labor while in school a) Helps students learn time-management and social skills b) Exposes students to good adult mentors c) None d) Is associated with a good work ethic
c) None
Petra lives in Russia. What is the probability that she works and attends school? a) About 50% b) About 25% c) Nonexistent d) About 10%
c) Nonexistent
Which of the following statements about adolescents and career exploration is NOT true? a) Adolescents often approach career exploration and decision making with considerable ambiguity, uncertainty, and stress. b) In many schools, students do not know what information to seek about careers. c) On average, high school students spend about seven hours a year with their guidance counselors. d) Many adolescents do not adequately explore careers on their own.
c) On average, high school students spend about seven hours a year with their guidance counselors.
Which of the following medications has been prescribed for the treatment of ADHD? a) Cymbalta b) Lisinopril c) Ritalin d) Resperidol
c) Ritalin
In suggesting ways to improve schools, the National Research Council emphasized the importance of a) expanding the high-school curriculum to include courses on life skills b) getting back to basics and eliminating many elective courses c) finding ways to get students more engaged in learning. d) extending the school day to allow for more instructional time
c) finding ways to get students more engaged in learning.
Researchers have found all of the following to be true of learning disabilities EXCEPT a) children and adolescents with learning disabilities often have poor handwriting. b) the most common learning disability involves reading c) learning disabilities reside in a specific area of the brain d) children and adolescents with learning disabilities often cannot match up letters and sounds
c) learning disabilities reside in a specific area of the brain
The transition to middle school or junior high school is stressful because a) students have to shift to a team-oriented approach b) students have too many subjects from which to select their courses c) many changes are taking place at the same time d) students have less independence than they did in elementary school
c) many changes are taking place at the same time
The Common Core State Standards Initiative a) Ends social promotion b) Ensures that schools hire quality teachers c) specifies what students should know and the skills they should develop at each grade level in various content areas. d) mandates standardized testing to ensure that children meet certain educational objectives.
c) specifies what students should know and the skills they should develop at each grade level in various content areas.
A group of teachers agree to stay with a volunteer group of students from their sophomore through their senior years as part of a pilot program designed to see if being with the same teacher for three years will benefit students. Research has shown that a) students will begin to be bored with the same teachers by the middle of their junior year. b) few students will volunteer to be with the same teachers for three years c) students who feel cared for are able to develop competencies d) students will want to stay with their foreign-language teachers more than any other teachers.
c) students who feel cared for are able to develop competencies
When implemented properly, Olweus's bullying prevention program reduces bullying by a) 70-90% b) 10-25% c) 20-30% d) 30-70%
d) 30-70%
Olweus's bullying prevention program focuses on children ages a) 12-15 b) 7-11 c )6-9 d) 6-15
d) 6-15
Which of the following statements regarding college students and work is TRUE? a) Most colleges restrict the number of hours that students can work and still remain in good standing b) Most colleges try to reserve some sections of classes for working students to make scheduling easier for these students. c) All d) As the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school.
d) As the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school.
______ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language skills and a restricted range of interests and relationships a) Dyscalulia b) ADHD c) None d) Asperger's syndrome
d) Asperger's syndrome
Perceived causes of outcomes are known as a) Analyses b) Attributions c) Precursors d) Influences
d) Attributions
Two effective general strategies for creating positive classrooms are effectively managing the group's activities and using a) Permissive strategy b) Lassez-Faire strategy c) Authoritarian Strategy d) Authoritative Strategy
d) Authoritative Strategy
Individuals who have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell have a type of learning disability known as a) Dyslogia b) Dyspepsia c) Dyscalulia d) Dyslexia
d) Dyslexia
Rewards and punishments are _____ in adolescents' motivation a) Control tools b) Intrinsic factors c) Cognitive factors d) Extrinsic factors
d) Extrinsic factors
Research has shown that adolescents show two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances. One is mastery orientation and the other is a) Withdrawal b) None c) Defensive orientation d) Helpless orientation
d) Helpless orientation
Ellen Winner's three characteristics of adolescents who are gifted are precocity, a passion to master, and a) Becoming easily bored b) Slow but methodical processing of information c) External motivation d) Marching to their own drummer
d) Marching to their own drummer
American children perform more poorly in _____ than students in some other countries. a) All b) Social studies and geometry c) Spelling d) Math and Science
d) Math and science
Many states have identified objectives for students in their state and created tests to measure whether students were meeting those objectives. This approach became national policy in 2002 when the_____ legislation was signed into law a) Carnegie Foundation b) Talent Search c) Reach for Success d) No Child Left Behind
d) No Child Left Behind
Jonathan Kozol, author of The Shame of the Nation, found in his visits to 60 U.S. schools in low-income areas that teachers a) All b) Tried to stimulate critical thinking c) have fewer resources than schools in better areas, but they were adequate. d) Often employed threatening discipline techniques
d) Often employed threatening discipline techniques
Strategies to protect self-worth and avoid failure include all of the following EXCEPT a) self-handicapping b) nonperformance c) Procrastination d) Setting low goals and objectives
d) Setting low goals and objectives
Joan, a high school student has begun a part-time job at a retail store. She expects to work at least 20 hours each week. What is the most likely outcome of her work experience a) She will spend more time with her family b) She will enjoy school more c) She will spend less time with her peers d) She will be more likely to use alcohol and marijuana
d) She will be more likely to use alcohol and marijuana
______ is a nonprofit organization that recruits and selects college graduates from universities to serve as teachers in low-income conditions a) Turning Points b) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation c) City Connects d) Teach for America
d) Teach for America
One of the criticisms of the direct instruction approach to learning is that it a) Wastes valuable class time b) focuses too much on the development of critical thinking and not enough of the content of the discipline c) Is boring for the learners d) Turns children into passive learners
d) Turns children into passive learners
Turning Points 2000 continues to endorse the recommendations of Turning Points 1989 but adds a new recommendation for schools to a) provide more elective courses and fewer core courses b) have all students learn a foreign language, beginning in elementary school. c) None d) engage in instruction to help students achieve higher standards and become life-long learners.
d) engage in instruction to help students achieve higher standards and become life-long learners.
Adolescents who are gifted have a superior talent in some domain and/or a) All b) Are creative c) are dedicated to their studies more than average children d) have an above-normal average IQ, usually 130 or higher
d) have an above-normal average IQ, usually 130 or higher
Luke, age 15, wants to be an engineer. If Luke is like many high-school students a) he knows how to go through the college-admission process b) he will not be realistic about his ability to complete an engineering degree in college. c) he knows what different careers he can have with a degree in engineering. d) he will need help to choose the correct high-school courses that will position him to enter college with an engineering major.
d) he will need help to choose the correct high-school courses that will position him to enter college with an engineering major.
Career development is related to _____ in adolescents and emerging adults. a) Self esteem b) High stress levels c) High levels of anxiety d) Identity development
d) identity development
Marion, age 38, has a 2-year-old son. Since his birth, she has remained home, and she loves being a stay-at-home mother. She enjoyed all of the years that she was a successful advertising executive, but she has no plans to return to paid work until her son is in school. Marion's choice is a) somewhat atypical; most women today try to work from home while they are raising their children. b) very typical of today's professional women c) atypical; most professional women have nannies to raise their children while they devote themselves to climbing the career ladder d) not typical of today's professional women; they are more apt to want to have a career and a family.
d) not typical of today's professional women; they are more apt to want to have a career and a family.
