Adolescent Psychology Final

When calculating individual performance on an IQ test, a child who was of average intelligence would have an IQ score of:

100

Approximately what percentage of American 18- to 24-year-olds live with or are supported financially by their parents?

55%

Which of the following girls would probably be least susceptible to feelings of body dissatisfaction due to the rapid increase in body fat in early adolescence?

Beth, a black teenager

Who is at the greatest risk of developing body dissatisfaction?

Callie, an early maturing affluent white girl who compares herself to her friends

The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called:

a personal fable

In contemporary America, the process of social definition, which typically begins at age 15 or 16, is something that occurs over:

a relatively long period of time

Adolescent thinking can be distinguished from the thinking of children in several respects. All of these differences stem from improvement(s) in ________ during adolescence.

abstract logical reasoning

The stimulation by maturation of adrenal glands is called

adrenche

Before industrialization, the term youth referred to:

ages 12-24

Changes in social definition also bring changes in:

all are correct

What is it about adolescent thinking that makes them better problem solvers than children?

all are correct

Teenagers may become self-conscious because they believe that people are talking about them. Which characteristic are they exhibiting?

an imaginary audience

The term puberty refers to the period during which:

an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction

Before the Industrial Revolution, the term child referred to:

anyone under age 18 or 21

The recall of personally meaningful past events is known as

autobiographical memory

The adolescent growth spurt:

begins 2 years earlier in girls than for boys

Which of the following is not an example of the contemporary version of scarification?

brushing teeth

The text suggests that ________ are not a good explanation of adolescent egocentrism.

cognitive deficiencies

Which group of individuals is likely to describe themselves as individuals who are in many ways more mature than adolescents, but not as mature as adults?

college students

Which of the following is not one of the areas of fundamental change in adolescence?

conceptual

All of the following are aspects of metacognition, except:

conserving mental resources

Societies in which hunting, fishing, and farming are the primary work activities tend to exhibit a more ________ transition between adolescence and adulthood.

continuous

All of the following are indicators of metacognition, except:

deductive reasoning

In contemporary society, the transition into adult work roles is fairly:

discontinuous

who coined the term adolescent egocentrism

elkind

Compared to a child, an older adolescent is likely to:

face a range of decisions that may have serious, long-term consequences

According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development that is based on theoretical, abstract principles of logic is called:

formal operations

All of the following are features of hypothetical thinking, except:

greater awareness of concrete, observable event

Although both sexes experience changes in muscle tissue and body fat, the ratio of muscle to body fat is:

greater in boys than girls

The first sign of puberty in girls is generally:

growth of boobs

Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys?

growth of testes and scrotum

Which term below allows individuals to suspend their beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract?

hypothetical thinking

Which of the following is not one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence?

increased imagination

All of the following are reasons that males have greater gains in strength than females during early adolescence, except:

increased production of androgens in females

According to the textbook, puberty involves all of the following except

increases in intellectual functioning

The Bat Mitzvah, the confirmation, and the quinceanera are all examples of:

initiation ceremonies

Adolescents who are convicted of crimes become part of the ________ justice system, whereas adults convicted of the same crimes are part of the ________ justice system.

juvenile ; criminal

The rapid increase in body fat that adolescent girls experience:

leads to a majority of adolescent girls dieting unnecessarily

Which of the following was not a result of industrialization?

less time in school

The ability to remember something from a long time ago is called

long-term memory

The average girl in the United States reaches ________, the time of her first menstrual period, sometime between the ages of 12 and 15.

menarche

Which of the following statements about puberty in girls is false?

menarche occurs very early in the process of sexual development

Which of the following is not relatively stable during adolescence?

mental abilities

The ability to think about one's own thoughts is called:

metacognition

The transition into adulthood is more likely to be impeded among minority teenagers because they:

more likely to grow up poor

What thought process helps adolescents appreciate the sarcasm and satire of Family Guy and The Simpsons?

multidimensional thinking

Research has established that circumcision is associated with:

negative outcomes for females but not for males

Which of the following would not be considered an initiation ceremony?

obtaining a driver's license

The first ejaculation of seminal fluid that occurs is:

often determined culturally

Hormones play two very different roles in adolescence. ________ hormones program the brain to behave in certain ways, whereas ________ hormones are thought to stimulate development of the secondary sex characteristics.

organizational;activational

Today, adolescence has been redefined as a time of ________, rather than ________.

preparation;participation

Of all the developments that take place during the second decade of life, the only one that is truly inevitable is:

puberty

The physical transformation from child to adult is called:

puberty

Which of the following female sex characteristics is usually the last to develop?

regular ovulation

During adolescence, individuals' IQ scores ________, whereas their mental abilities ________.

remain stable;increase

Early in adolescence, moral guidelines are:

seen as subjective

According to the textbook, the sex difference in athletic performance during early adolescence results from all of the following except:

self-confidence

Changes in social definition will likely have profound effects on developments in the domains of:

sexuality, autonomy, achievement, and identity.

The term adolescent became widely used at what time?

since the 19th century

Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as:

social cognition

The universal process through which an individual's position or status is changed by society is called:

social redefinition

Which of the following is a sign of Americanization?

speaking English exclusively

Which of the following does not support adolescents' improved ability to use deductive reasoning, as described by the text?

the ability to make an inference based on accumulated evidence

One reason for the difference in the body shapes of the sexes is:

the differences in the amount and distribution of body fat

The status of adolescents as full-time students arose as a result of:

the industrial revolution

Legal decisions have tended to support adolescent autonomy when the behavior at issue is:

viewed as having potential benefit

Black, Hispanic, and American Indian youth have more trouble negotiating the transition into adulthood than do their counterparts of which race(s)?

white and asian youth

The ability to remember something for a brief period of time is identified as

working memory