Aerodynamics & Aircraft
196 (Refer to figure 2) Select the correct statement regarding stall speeds. The airplane will stall A) 10 knots higher in a 45 degree bank, power-on stall, than in a wings-level stall with flaps up B) 25 knots lower in a power-off, flaps-up, 60 degree bank, than in a power-off, flaps-down, wings-level configuration C) 10 knots higher in a power-on, 60 degree bank, with gear and flaps up, than with gear and flaps down
10 knots higher in a power-on, 60 degree bank, with gear and flaps up, than with gear and flaps down
219 On a wing, the force of lift acts perpendicular to, and the force of drag a ts parallel to the A) flightpath B) longitudinal axis C) chord line
A) flightpath
248 (Refer to figure 5) The horizontal dashed line from point C to point E represets the A) ultimate load factor B) airspeed range for normal operatioins C) positive limit load factor
C) positive limit load factor
197 Which is true regarding the use of flaps during level turns? A) Raising flaps will require added forward pressure on the yoke or stick B) The lowering of flaps increases the stall speed C) The raising of flaps increases the stall speed
The raising of flaps increases the stall speed
176 The need to slow an aircraft below VA is brought about by the following weather phenomenon: A) Turbulence which causes a decrease in stall speed B) Turbulence which causes an increase in stall speed C) High density altitude which increases the indicated stall speed
Turbulence which causes an increase in stall speed
174 Lift on a wing is most properly defined as the A) differential pressure acting perpendicular to the chord of the wing B) reduced pressure resulting from a laminar flow over the upper camber of an airfoil, which acts perpendicular to the mean camber C) force acting perpendicular to the relative wind
force acting perpendicular to the relative win
177 In theory, if the airspeed of an airplane is doubled while in level flight, parasite drag will become A) half as great B) twice as great C) four times greater
four times greater
163 No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental airworthiness certificate A) under instrument flight rules (IFR) B) when carrying property for hire C) when carrying persons or property for hire
when carrying persons or property for hire
180 Baggage weighing 90 pounds is placed in a normal category airplane's baggage compartment which is placarded at 100 pounds. If this airplane is subjected to a positive load factor of 3.5 G's, the total load of the baggage would be A) 315 pounds and would be excessive B) 350 pounds and would not be excessive C) 315 pounds and would not be excessive
315 pounds and would not be excessive
172 If an aircraft with a gross weight of 2000 pounds was subjected to a 60 degree constant-altitude bank, the total load would be A) 4000 pounds B) 12000 pounds C) 3000 pounds
4000 pounds
1023 What is the load factor for an aircraft in a level 60° bank turn? A) 2 G's B) 3 G's C) 4 G's
A) 2 G's
1043 (Refer to figure 2) Select the correct statement regarding stall speeds. With geear and flaps down and power on, the airplane will stall A) 9 knots higher in 45° bank, than in level flight B) 19 knots lower in 60° bank, than in level flight C) 22 knots higher in a 60° bank, than in level flight
A) 9 knots higher in 45° bank, than in level flight
241 How is lift changed by ground effect? A) A lower angle of attack will be required to maintain the same amount of lift when entering ground effect B) A constant angle of attack will be required to maintain the same amount of lift when entering ground effect C) A higher angle of attack will be required to maintain the same amount of lift when entering ground effect
A) A lower angle of attack will be required to maintain the same amount of lift when entering ground effect
621 Why should flight speeds above VNE be avoided? A) Design limit load factors may be exceeded, if gusts are encountered B) Excessive induced drag will result in structural failure C) Control effectiveness is so impaired that the aircraft becomes uncontrollable
A) Design limit load factors may be exceeded, if gusts are encountered
210 Which is correct with respect to rate and radius of turn for an airplane flown in a coordinated turn at a constant altitude? A) For a specific angle of bank and airspeed, the rate and radius of turn will not vary B) To maintain a steady rate of turn, the angle of bank must be increased as the airspeed is decreased C) The faster the true airspeed, the faster the rate and larger the radius of turn regardless of the angle of bank
A) For a specific angle of bank and airspeed, the rate and radius of turn will not vary
631 What effect does an uphill runway slope have on takeoff performance? A) Increases takeoff distance B) Increases takeoff speed C) Decreases take off distance
A) Increases takeoff distance
1042 Stalls occur due to A) airflow separating from the surface of the wing due to exceeding the critical angle of attack B) indicated airspeed decreasing below 1.3 times Vso C) airflow separating from the leading edge of the wing and buffet occurring
A) airflow separating from the surface of the wing due to exceeding the critical angle of attack
242 As the angle of bank is increased, the vertical component of lift A) decreases and the horizontal component of lift increases B) increases and the horizontal component of lift decreases C) decreases and the horizontal component of lift remains constant
A) decreases and the horizontal component of lift increases
1030 Accelerating past critical Mach may result in the onset of compressibility effects such as A) drag increase B) propeller slippage C) asymmetric loading
A) drag increase
250 (Refer to figure 5) The vertical line from point D to point G is represented on the airspeed indicator by the maximum speed limit of the A) green arc B) yellow arc C) white arc
A) green arc
227 If you increase airspeed in a turn, what must you do to maintain altitude? A) increase angle of bank B) Decrease angle of bank C) Increase angle of attack
A) increase angle of bank
209 To increase the rate of turn and at the same time decrease the radius, a pilot should A) increase the bank ad decrease airspeed B) maintain the bank and decrease airspeed C) increase the bank and increase airspeed
A) increase the bank and decrease airspeed
285 What is an operational difference between the turn coordinator and the turn-and-slip indicator? The turn coordinator A) indicates roll rate, rate of turn, and coordination; the turn-and-slip indicator indicates rate of turn and coordination B) indicates bank angle only; the turn-and-slip indicator indicates rate of turn and coordination C) is always electric; the turn-and-slip indicator is always vacuum-driven
A) indicates roll rate, rate of turn, and coordination; the turn-and-slip indicator indicates rate of turn and coordination
618 Calibrated airspeed is best described as indicated airspeed corrected for A) installation and instrument error B) non-standard temperature C) instrument error
A) installation and instrument error
255 A propeller rotating clockwise as seen from the rear, creates a spiraling slipstream which, along with torque, tends to rotate the airplane to the A) left around the vertical axis, and to the right around the longitudinal axis B) right around the vertical axis, and to the left around the longitudinal axis C) left around the vertical axis, and to the left around the longitudinal axis
A) left around the vertical axis, and to the right around the longitudinal axis
215 By changing the angle of attack of a wing, the pilot can control the the airplane's A) lift, airspeed, and drag B) lift, airspeed and CG C) lift and airspeed but not drag
A) lift, airspeed, and drag
211 Why is it necessary to increase back elevator pressure to maintain altitude during a turn? To compensate for the A) loss of the vertical component of lift B) rudder deflection and slight opposite aileron throughout the turn C) loss of the horizontal component of lift and the increase in centrifugal force
A) loss of the vertical component lift
1013 For a recently designed airplane. the design maneuvering speed is A) maximum speed at which the airplane can be safely stalled B) approximately 1.2 times Vso C) determined by the pilot through control pressure
A) maximum speed at which the airplane can be safely stalled
243 While trimmed for straight and level flight, turbulence causes the nose to pitch up. If the attitude remains in this new position, the aircraft has A) neutral longitudinal static stability B) positive logitudinal static stability C) neutral longitudinal dynamic stability
A) neutral longitudinal static stability
622 Maximum structural cruising speed is the maximum speed an airplane can be operated during A) normal operations B) an encounter with turbulence C) abrupt maneuvers
A) normal operations
249 (Refer to figure 5) The vertical line from point E to point F is represented on the airspeed indicator by the A) upper limit of the yellow arc B) upper limit of the green arc C) blue radial line
A) upper limit of the yellow arc
228 The stalling speed of an airplane is most affected by A) variations in airplane loading B) changes in air density C) variations in flight altitude
A) variations in airplane loading
214 A rectangular wing, as compared to other wing planforms, has a tendancy to stall at the A) wing root, with the stall progression toward the wing tip B) wingtip, with the stall progression toward the wing root C) center trailing edge, with the stall progression outward toward the wing root and tip
A) wing root, with the stall progression toward the wing tip
1029 Transonic airflow typically occurs between airspeed regimes of Mach A) 0.75 to 1.00 B) 0.75 to 1.20 C) 1.20 to 5.00
B) 0.75 to 1.20
287 If a standard rate turn is maintained, how long wouldl it take to turn 360°? A) 1 minute B) 2 minutes C) 3 minutes
B) 2 minutes
1035 (Refer to figure 2) Select the correct statement regarding stall speeds. The airplane will stall A) 12 knots lower in a power-on, gear and flaps-down, 30° bank, than with the power-on and gear and flaps-up in a 30° bank B) 27 knots higher in a power-off, gear and flaps-up, 60° bank, than in a power-off, gear and flaps-up, wings-level configuration C) 10 knots higher in a 45° bank, power-on stall, than in a wings-level stall with flaps up
B) 27 knots higher in a power-off, gear and flaps-up, 60° bank, than in a power-off, gear and flaps-up, wings-level configuration
687 A pilot is entering an area where significant clear air turbulence has been reported. Which action is appropriate upon encountering the first ripple? A) Enter a shallow climb or descent at maneuvering speed B) Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air C) Maintain altitude and airspeed
B) Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air
521 Which maximum range factor decreases as weight decreases? A) Angle of attack B) Airspeed C) Altitude
B) Airspeed
1038 At a given airspeed, what effect will an increase in airdensity have on lift and drag? A) Lfit will increase but drag will decrease B) Lift and drag will increase C) Lift and drag will decrease
B) Lift and drag will increase
220 Which statement is true, regarding the opposing forces acting on an airplane in steady-state level flight? A) Thrust is greater than drag and weight and lift are equal B) These forces are equal C) Thrust is greater than drag and lift is greater than weight
B) These forces are equal
619 True airspeed is best described as calibrated airspeed corrected for A) non-standard temperature B) altitude and non-standard temperature C) installation or instrument error
B) altitude and non-standard temperature
240 To generate the same amount of lift as altitude is increased, an airplane must be flown at a higher true airspeed for any given A) center of pressure B) angle of attack C) calibrated airspeed
B) angle of attack
223 Recovery from a stall in any airplane becomes more difficult when its A) elevator trim is adjusted nosedown B) center of gravity moves aft C) center of gravity moves foward
B) center of gravity moves aft
216 The angle of attack of a wing directly controls the A) angle of incidence of the wing B) distribution of pressures acting on the wing C) amount of airflow above and below the wing
B) distribution of pressures acting on the wing
235 Which is true regarding the forces acting on an aircraft in a steady-state descent? The sum of all A) rearward forces is greater than the sum of all forward forces B) forward forces is equal to the sum of all rearward forces C) upward forces is less than the sum of all downward forces
B) forward forces is equal to the sum of all rearward forces
217 In theory, if the angle of attack and other factors remain constant and the airspeed is doubled, the lift produced at the higher speed will be A) two times greater than at the lower speed B) four times greater than at the lower speed C) the same as at the lower speed
B) four times greater than at the lower speed
224 If an airplane is loaded to the rear of its CG range, it will tend to be unstable about its A) vertical axis B) lateral axis C) logitudinal axis
B) lateral axis
247 If the airplane attitude initially tends to return to its original position after the elevator control is pressed foward and released. the airplane displays A) positive dynamic stability B) positive static stability C) neutral dynamic stability
B) positive static stability
1025 Accelerating past critical mach may result in the onset of compressibility effects such as A) gyroscopic action B) stability difficulties C) critical load factor
B) stability difficulties
1028 Pitch setting means A) the existing, pilot-selected propeller pitch on a variable pitch propeller B) the propeller blade setting as determined by the blade angle measured as specified by the propeller instruction manual C) the manifold pressure and RPM combination selected for cruise flight
B) the propeller blade setting as determined by the blade angle measured as specified by the propeller instruction manual
1021 A stall occurs when A) turbulent airflow over the wing becomes laminar B) the wing exceeds the critical angle of attack C) air flow over the wign is insufficient to produce the required lift
B) the wing exceeds the critical angle of attack
221 The angle of attack at which a wing stalls remains constant regardless of A) weight and pitch attitude, but varies with dynamic pressure and bank angle B) weight, dynamic pressure, bank angle, or pitch attitude C) dynamic pressure, but varies with weight, bank angle, and pitch attitude
B) weight, dynamic pressure, bank angle, or pitch attitude
213 Stall speed is affected by A) angle of attack, weight, and air density B) weight, load factor, and power C) load factor, angle of attach, and power
B) weight, load factor, and power
1031 (Refer to figure 3) What is the critical angle of attack? A) 6° B) 12.4° C) 20°
C) 20°
222 In small airplanes, normal recovery from spins may become difficult if the A) spin is entered before the stall is fully developed B) CG is too far rearward, and rotation is around the logitudinal axis C) CG is too far rearward. and rotation is around the CG
C) CG is too far rearward. and rotation is around the CG
286 What is an advantage of an electric turn coordinator if the airplane has a vacuum system for other gyroscopic instruments? A) It is more reliable than the vacuum-driven indicators B) It will not tumble as will vacuum-driven turn indicators C) It is backup in case of vacuum system failure
C) It is backup in case of vacuum system failure
236 Which is true regarding the force of lift in steady, unaccelerated flight? A) An airfoil will always stall at the same indicated airspeed; therefore, an increase in weight will require an increase in speed to generate sufficient lift to maintain altitude B) At lower airspeeds the angle of attack must be less to generate sufficient lift to maintain altitude C) There is a corresponding indicated airspeed required for every angle of attack to generate suffcient lift to maintain altitude
C) There is a corresponding indicated airspeed required for every angle of attack to generate suffcient lift to maintain altitude
246 To produce lift equal to the aircraft's weight. the lower the airspeed the greater the A) parasite development B) maximum L/D ratio available C) angle of attack
C) angle of attack
229 An airplane will stall at the same A) angle of attack and attitude with relation to the horizon B) airspeed regardless of the attitude with relation to the horizion C) angle of attack regardless of the attitude with relation to the horizon
C) angle of attack regardless of the attitude with relation to the horizon
1016 Exceeding critical Mach may result in the onset of compressibility effects such as A) P-factor B) high speed stalls C) control difficulties
C) control difficulties
688 If severe turbulence is encountered during flight, the pilot should reduce the airspeed to A) minimum control speed B) maximum structural cruising speed C) design-maneuvering speed
C) design-maneuvering speed
245 Longitudinal stability involves the motion of the airplane controlled by its A) rudder B) ailerons C) elevator
C) elevator
256 When the angle of attack of a symmetrical airfoil is increased, the center of pressure will A) move aft along the airfoil surface B) remain unaffected C) have very limited movement
C) have very limited movement
218 An aircraft wing is desinged to produce lift resulting from a difference in the A) vacuum below the wing's surface and greater air pressure above the wing's surface B) negative air pressure below and a vacuum above the wing's surface C) higher air pressure below the wing's surface and lower airpressure above the wing's surface
C) higher air pressure below the wing's surface and lower airpressure above the wing's surface
237 During the transition from straight-and-level flight to a climb, the angle of attack is increased and lift A) remains the same B) is momentarily decreased C) is momentarily increased
C) is momentarily increased
1033 (Refer to figure 5) The intersectioin of the dashed lines at point C is the airspeed where the minimum usable turn radius is predicted and represents the aircraft's A) normal stall speed B) maximum structural cruising speed C) maneuvering speed
C) maneuvering speed
1039 14 CFR part 1 defines VNO as A) maximum operating speed B) normal operating speed C) maximum structural cruising speed
C) maximum structural cruising speed
244 Longitudinal dynamic instability in an airplane can be identified by A) Trilatitudinal roll oscillations becoming progressively steeper B) bank oscillations becoming progressively steeper C) pitch oscillations becoming progressively steeper
C) pitch oscillations becoming progressively steeper
234 What performance is characteristic of flight at maximum lift/drag ratio in a propeller-driven airplane? Maximum A) coefficient of lift and minimum coefficient of drag B) gain in altitude over a given distance C) range and maximum distance glide
C) range and maximum distance glide
293 The purpose of wing spoilers is to decrease A) landing speed B) the drag C) the lift of the wing
C) the lift of the wing
1032 To hold an airplane in level flight at airspeeds from very slow to very fast, the pilot must coordinate angle of attack and A) drag B) weight C) thrust
C) thrust
212 To maintain altitude during a turn, the angle of attack must be increased to compensate for the decrease in the A) horizontal component of lift B) forces opposing the resultant component of drag C) vertical component of lift
C) vertical component of lift
225 At higher elevation airports the pilot should know that indicated airspeed A) should be increased to compensate for the thinner air B) will be higher, but groundspeed will be unchanged C) will be unchanged, but groundspeed will be faster
C) will be unchanged, but groundspeed will be faster
21 If an airplane category is listed as utility, it would mean that this airplane could be operated in which of the following maneuvers? A) Only lazy eights, chandelles, and steep turns B) Limited acrobatics, including spins (if approved) C) Any maneuver including acrobatics and spins
Limited acrobatics, including spins (if approved)
80 Which is true with respect to operating limitations of a "primary" category airplane? A) A "primary" category airplane is limited to a specified operating radius from its home base B) No person may operate a "primary" category airplane carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire C) A pilot of a "primary" category airplane must hold a commercial pilot certificate when carrying passengers for compensation or hire
No person may operate a "primary" category airplane carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire
79 Which is true with respect to operating limitations of a 'restricted' category airplane? A) A pilot of a 'restricted' category airplane is required to hold a commercial pilot certificate B) A 'restricted' category airplane is limited to an operating radius of 25 miles from its home base C) No person may operate a 'restricted' category airplane carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire
No person may operate a 'restricted' category airplane carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire
195 (Refer to figure 2) Select the correct statement regarding stall speeds. A) In a 60 degree bank the airplane stall at a lower airspeed with the gear up B) Power-off stalls occur at higher airspeeds with the gear and flaps down C) Power-on stalls occur at lower airspeeds in shallower banks
Power-on stalls occur at lower airspeeds in shallower banks
208 Name the four fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft A) Power, pitch, bank, and trim B) Thrust, lift, turns, and glides C) Straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs and descents
Straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents
193 Which airspeed would a pilot be unable to identify by the color coding of an airspeed indicator? A) The never-exceed speed B) The power-off stall speed C) The maneuvering speed
The maneuvering speed
16 Which is the correct symbol for the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable? A) VS B) VS1 C) VSO
VS
15 Which is the correct symbol for the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in a specified configuration? A) VS B) VS1 C) VSO
VS1
183 Which statement is true relative to changing angle of attack? A) A decrease in angle of attack will increase pressure below the wing, and decrease drag B) An increase in angle of attack will decrease pressure below the wing, and increase drag C) An increase in angle of attack will increase drag
an increase in angle of attack will increase drag
170 Airplane wing loading during a level coordinated turn in smooth air depends upon the A) true airspeed B) rate of turn C) angle of bank
angle of bank
173 While maintaining a constant angle of bank and altitude in a coordinated turn, an increased in airspeed will A) increase the rate of turn resulting in no change in load factor B) decrease the rate of turn resulting in no change in load factor C) decrease the rate of turn resulting in a decreased load factor
decrease the rate of turn resulting in no change in load factor
17 14 CFR part 1 defines VF as A) design flap speed B) flap operating speed C) maximum flap extended speed
design flap speed
168 Load factor is the lift generated by the wings of an aircraft at any given time A) divided by the total weight of the aircraft B) multiplied by the total weight of the aircraft C) divided by the basic empty weight of the aircraft
divided by the total weight of the aircraft
182 (Refer to figure 1) At an airspeed represented by point B, in steady flight, the pilot can expect to obtain the airplane's maximum A) coefficient of lift B) glide range C) endurance
glide range
181 (Refer to figure 1) At the airspeed represented by point A, in steady flight, the airplane will A) have its minimum L/D ratio B) have its maximum L/D ratio C) be developing its maximum coefficient of lift
have it's maximum L/D ratio
171 In a rapid recovery from a dive, the effects of load factor would cause the stall speed to A) increase B) not vary C) decrease
increase
198 One of the main functions of flaps during the approach and landing is to A) decrease the rate of descent without increasing airspeed B) allow a steeper-than-normal approach C) increase lift at approach airspeeds
increase lift at approach airspeeds
178 As airspeed decreases in level flight below that speed for maximum lift/drag ratio, total drag of an airplane A) decreases because of lower parasite drag B) increases because of increased induced drag C) increases because of increased parasite drag
increases because of increased induced drag
169 For a given angle of bank, in any airplane, the load factor imposed in a coordinated constant-altitude turn A) is constant and the stall speed increases B) varies with the rate of turn C) is constant and the stall speed decreases
is constant and the stall speed increases
167 The ratio between the total airload imposed on the wing and the gross weight of an aircraft in flight is known as A) aspect load and directly affects stall speed B) load factor and has no relation with stall speed C) load factor and directly affects stall speed
load factor and directly affects stall speed
18 14 CFR part 1 defines VLE as A) maximum landing gear extended speed B) maximum landing gear operating speed C) maximum leading edge flaps extended speed
maximum landing gear extended speed
19 14 CFR part 1 defines VNE as A) never-exceed speed B) maximum nose wheel extended speed C) maximum landing gear extended speed
never-exceed speed
81 The carriage of passenger for hire by a commercial pilot is A) not authorized in a "utility" category aircraft B) not authorized in a "limited" category aircraft C) authorized in "restricted" category aircraft
not authorized in a "limited" category aircraft
175 You are making a level turn at a constant bank angle. If you vary the rate of turn, the load factor will A) vary if air density changes B) remain constant C) vary if lift vector changes
remain constant
179 If the airspeed is increased from 90 knots to 135 knots during a level 60 degree banked turn, the load factor will A) remain the same but the radius of turn will increase B) increase as well as the stall speed C) decrease and the stall speed stays the same
remain the same but the radius of turn will increase
20 14 CFR part 1 defines VY as A) speed for best angle of climb B) speed for best rate of climb C) speed for best rate of descent
speed for best rate of climb
194 Which statement is true about magnetic deviation of a compass? A) varies over time as the agonic line shifts B) is the same for all aircraft in the same locality C) varies for different headings of the same aircraft
varies for different headings of the same aircraft
