AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING (ADM)

Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazardous attitudes?

1. Anti-authority 2. Impulsivity 3. Macho 4. Resignation 5. Invulnerability

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) Step 1: Risk Assessments What are the 3 Risk Assessments that can be done before a flight?

1. IMSAFE 2. PAVE 3. CARE

Risk Management, as part of the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?

1. Situational Awareness 2. Problem Recognition 3. Good Judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight

What are some of the hazardous attitudes dealt with in Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)?

Anti-authority (don't tell me) Impulsivity (do something quickly!) Invulnerability (it won't happen to me) Macho (I can do it) Resignation (what's the use?)

What is one of the neglected items when a pilot relies on short and long term memory for repetitive tasks?

Checklists

What often leads to spatial disorientation or collision with ground/obstacles when flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR)?

Continual flight into instrument conditions

Pilots should be familiar with positive alternatives to

Counteract hazardous attitudes

What are the steps of the DECIDE Model for effective risk management and Aeronautical Decision Making?

Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, & Evaluate

What saying goes with the Impulsivity hazardous attitude?

Do something quickly!

What saying goes with the Anti-Authority hazardous attitude?

Don't tell me

What is Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)?

Enhances the process to decrease probability of human error

A series of judgmental errors which can lead to a human factors-related accident is sometimes referred to as the ____________________

Error chain

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Anti-authority"?

Follow the rules

What is one common factor which affects most preventable accidents?

Human error

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Resignation"?

I am not helpless

What saying goes with the Macho hazardous attitude?

I can do it

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Invulnerability"?

It could happen to me

What saying goes with the Invulnerability hazardous attitude?

It won't happen to me

What should a pilot do when recognizing a thought as hazardous?

Label that thought as hazardous, then correct that thought by stating the corresponding learned antidote.

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Impulsivity"?

Not so fast, think first

Epic recommends the 3-P model for ADM. Which checklist goes with each step of the 3-P model?

Perceive---PAVE Process---CARE Perfrom---TEAM

What is the benefit of a more technically advanced aircraft?

Precise Better Situational Awareness

What is a hazard?

Real or perceived condition/hazard

In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?

Recognizing hazardous thoughts

A program using "risk points" to determine a numerical risk value for a flight is known as:

Risk Assessment

What is the term for the above table used in Risk Management?

Risk Matrix

What is it often called when a pilot pushes his or her capabilities and the aircraft's limits by trying to maintain visual contact with the terrain in low visibility and ceiling?

Scud running

What could we also refer to ADM as?

Systematic Decision Making

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) is a

Systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.

What is the antidote when a pilot has a hazardous attitude, such as "Macho"?

Taking chances is foolish

What is disadvantage of a more technically advanced aircraft?

Technical Not familiar

What is Single Pilot Resource Management (SRM)?

The Art & Science of managing all resources

Who is responsible for determining whether a pilot is fit to fly for a particular flight, even though he or she holds a current medical certificate?

The pilot

What is the basic philosophy behind ADM?

There is a step-by-step process to consistently make the right decision

What saying goes with the Resignation hazardous attitude?

What's the use?

The positive three-step process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots includes these verbal steps: 1) You have the flight controls 2) I have the flight controls and 3)

You have the flight controls

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) SRM CHECKLISTS Step 1: Risk Assessments What does CARE stand for?

[BEFORE FLIGHT] Consequences (what are the consequences if I do this flight? Alternatives (VFR + Clouds, I could drive) Reality External Factors (pressure to do the flight when uncomfortable?)

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) SRM CHECKLISTS Step 1: Risk Assessments What does IMSAFE stand for?

[BEFORE FLIGHT] Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue Emotion-Eat

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) SRM CHECKLISTS Step 1: Risk Assessments What does PAVE stand for?

[BEFORE FLIGHT] Pilot-in-Command Aircraft enVironment External Pressures

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) SRM CHECKLISTS Step 2: Identify Risks What does DECIDE stand for?

[DURING FLIGHT] Detect (issue?) Estimate Choose Identify Do Evaluate ie: the plane makes a funny noise

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) SRM CHECKLISTS Step 2: Identify Risks What do the 3Ps stand for?

[DURING FLIGHT] Perceive (do you perceive an issue?) Process Perform 3Ps is an FAA favorite and they will ask questions!!

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) SRM CHECKLISTS Step 2: Identify Risks What do the 5Ps stand for?

[DURING FLIGHT] Plan (is the plan still good?) Plane (is the plane still up for the job?) Pilot (how do you feel?) Passengers (are the passengers okay?) Program (program good, need to change?)

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) SRM CHECKLISTS Step 2: Identify Risks What does TEAM stand for?

[DURING FLIGHT] Transfer (transfer question, ask) Eliminate Accept (accept your decision) Mitigate (reduce possibility of error)

Consistent adherence to approved checklists is a sign of a

a disciplined and competent pilot

What is Risk Management (RM)?

a process to identify hazards, assess the degree of risk, and determine the best course of action

The basic drive for a pilot to demonstrate the "right stuff" can have an adverse effect on safety, by

generating tendencies that lead to practices that are dangerous, often illegal, and may lead to mishap.

Ignoring minimum fuel reserve requirements is generally the result of overconfidence, disregarding applicable regulations, or

lack of flight planning

An extreme case of a pilot getting behind the aircraft can lead to the operational pitfall of

loss of situational awareness

How do we define risk?

severity of the hazard multiplied by the likelihood/probability of it occurring