African American History II Ch 16

What types of political activities was Washington supporting behind the scenes?

-He tried to get the grandfather clause overturned in the courts -He tried to improve conditions on segregated railroad cars for blacks

What did blacks find advantageous in Chicago?

-Numerous black institution, like churches and newspaper -Some political influence, including black politicians at the local, state and national level -Racial tension over jobs and housing

What was true about the black-upper class in the early twentieth century?

-They never had wealth close to that of the very wealthiest whites -They were often light skinned -They were active in very exclusive social clubs, distancing themselves from the masses of blacks

What is true about black migration between 1910 and 1940?

About 1.75 million blacks left the South, doubling the population of blacks outside that region

What is true about the newly created Selective Service during WWI?

About 13% of all draftees were blacks

What is true about segregation in the North?

Although the North had laws against discrimination, enforcement was often overlooked

What initially drew many blacks to the Harlem area of New York City?

Because builders were unable to sell to whites, they sold to blacks to avoid bankruptcy

What prompted the Houston Riot in 1917?

Black soldiers were disgusted over the racist treatment the received at the hands of police in the segregated city

How did Dubois's background shape his views, just as Washington's shaped his?

DuBois was born free in the North, encountered little racism during his early years, and was incredibly intelligent and allowed to obtain a superior education

What was true about the NAACP publication, The Crisis?

Edited by DuBois, it generally contained strident language denouncing racism and demanding that black stand up for their rights

What were most early black women's clubs formed during the 1870s and 1880s interested in?

Generally, cultural, religious and social matters

What area became known as the Negro Capital of the World?

Harlem, New York City

How did General John Pershing acquire the nickname "Black Jack"?

He had commanded black troops in Cuba during the Spanish-American War

How did most African Americans feel about entering WWI?

Most supported it, and many served in the armed forces as a way to demonstrate their patriotism and loyalty

How did the typical Progressive reformer feel about racism?

Most were racist themselves. They showed little interest in altering white supremacy

What political party did blacks generally support in the early twentieth century?

Republicans

What event caused uproar in the South, as a breach of racial etiquette by the president himself?

Roosevelt invited Washington to dinner

What was true about job opportunities for black men and women after migration?

Some young black women were drawn into prostitution to make a living

What did the Niagara Movement demand in 1905?

That blacks should protest vigorously for their rights, better schools, housing and an end to racial prejudice

What was Washington's nickname?

The Wizard of Tuskegee

What did the Springfield Riot of 1908 lead to?

The creation of the NAACP

What was the role of the "Talented Tenth", according to DuBois?

The top ten percent of blacks. They were to be responsible for working to achieve the civil and political rights of African Americans

WWI was supposed to be a war "to make the world safe for democracy" With all this language, how did Americans apply these ideals to the treatment of blacks?

They didn't. Americans continued to hold onto racism, and reacted violently against blacks

What is true about black women's support for women's suffrage?

They had long supported the issue, and understood that political power was needed to change discrimination in America

How did the French troops and people feel about black soldiers?

They praised their ability and courage, and asked for more black troops

What was the main role of many of Phillis Wheatley homes?

They provided housing for single, black working women who were refused admittance to the YMCA

WEB DuBois and the NAACP generally supported the war effort. What did they want changed for blacks in the war?

They pushed for black officers to command black troops

What reaction did the NAACP have to the violence of the East St Louis riot?

They sent members in to investigate, publicized the issues, and organized a silent march in New York City as protest

What role did police play in many of the race riots, including those of Chicago, Elaine and Houston?

They were often either the cause of the trouble, or helped the rioters

What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?

They worked within the court and legislative system, chipping away at discrimination, racism and the Plessy v Ferguson decision

What was the goal of the Urban League?

To help blacks as they moved into cities, with housing, discrimination and medical care

What event made southern black men think the Progressive Party might not help them gain rights in America?

When the convention of 1912 sang the "Battle Hymn of the Republic"

What is true about the early NAACP?

White leaders dominated it and financed it

How did Woodrow Wilson act toward black people when he became president?

Wilson held Southern views toward race; he segregated federal offices to avoid friction between the races