Age of Reform Assignment and Quiz

According to the chart, the first successful union was organized in _____. Federal laws assisting workers in collective bargaining were passed in _____.

1866 1880

What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts (1844-1847) affected labor?

Labor's work hours were limited.

Negotiation between union leaders and business management is called ___________.

collective bargaining

How was William Wilberforce, a member of Parliament, able to affect the future of slavery in Britain?

In 1807, he achieved a ban on British slave trade.

What were the major problems in the British parliamentary system? Check all that apply.

Only five percent of the population was able to vote. Only wealthy landowners were able to vote. Large cities were extremely underrepresented.

What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800s?

Revolutions were spreading across Europe.

The Commission's investigation showed that work was carried on in tenement houses for factories under the most unsanitary conditions, and that the system of licensing tenements for manufacturing purposes in no way insured the work being carried on under proper conditions. Investigators found work carried on in rooms in which there were persons suffering from contagious and infectious diseases - scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, typhoid, and tuberculosis.. . . Another great evil of tenement house manufacturing was the fact that it made legally possible the work of little children in manufacturing pursuits at home, when the law rigidly excludes them from such occupations in the factories. Children as young as five, six, and seven years of age were found doing work. One little girl, aged seven, testified that she worked until eight o'clock in the evening. Background information: This document is an excerpt from a New York state commission investigation into living and working conditions in tenement houses. These large apartment buildings in the city were known for their overcrowded and unsafe conditions. According to the document, what law was commonly broken by tenement workers?

Young children below the minimum age were working.

As the 1800s progressed, demands for labor reform increased mainly because

working conditions were horrible.

Britain abolished slavery

in 1833, before the United States did.

Analyze this photo of child workers, taken by Lewis Hine in 1909. Explain how this photograph would have been influential in ending child labor.

The boys in the image face great dangers. They are not wearing any protective gear such as goggles or ear protection, and walking along the side of a machine is very dangerous. They could get caught in the threads or the belts. This could inflict injuries or be fatal. In addition, these boys are very young. They should be in school instead of working all day.

Which of these statements is supported by information on the chart?

The government supported companies in their efforts to restrict union activity.

How did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights? Check all that apply.

They joined unions. They formed women's suffrage organizations. They won property rights.

What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?

They used force to end union activities.

Think about what you learned in the lesson and the sources you analyzed in the assignment. How did the Industrial Revolution lead to the need for reform?

While the Industrial Revolution brought about a more prosperous nation as a whole, there were many reforms that needed to happen to help working-class citizens. The documents discuss that disease was common and children were working, even though it was against the law. People were expected to work extremely long hours without a break. Many workers, including children, were injured or killed on the job. In many cases, the living and working conditions were dirty. Reforms did happen, but it took many years for change to occur.

What would be labor's first step in solving labor problems and effecting change?

collective bargaining

The Commission's investigation showed that work was carried on in tenement houses for factories under the most unsanitary conditions, and that the system of licensing tenements for manufacturing purposes in no way insured the work being carried on under proper conditions. Investigators found work carried on in rooms in which there were persons suffering from contagious and infectious diseases - scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, typhoid, and tuberculosis.. . . Another great evil of tenement house manufacturing was the fact that it made legally possible the work of little children in manufacturing pursuits at home, when the law rigidly excludes them from such occupations in the factories. Children as young as five, six, and seven years of age were found doing work. One little girl, aged seven, testified that she worked until eight o'clock in the evening. Background information: This document is an excerpt from a New York state commission investigation into living and working conditions in tenement houses. These large apartment buildings in the city were known for their overcrowded and unsafe conditions. What significant issue did the commission find among the tenement workers?

high rates of disease