AGR 199 Exam 1 - Animal Unit - Fall 2023 - Shultz

Chronic Wasting Disease Symptoms

- weight loss and wasting - listlessness - lowered head - blank stare - excessive salivation - staggering or circling - fearlessness towards humans (potential addition)

farm

As defined by the USDA "any place that produced and sold—or normally would have produced and sold—at least $1,000 of agricultural products during a given year"

finishing

At Murray's farm, the ____________ barn uses a wet dry feeder

10 days

At ___________ _____________ old, baby pigs are started on feed

2-3, 5

Baby pigs weigh around ______ pounds at birth and around __ pounds at a week old

dominion

Concept that humans have power or rights over animals - Can look at through lens of exploiter - we have the right and should use animals how we please - Can look at through lens of responsibility/welfare - we rule over animals and must care for them

People used to farm to feed themselves and their families. As the population has grown, farming has shifted to being done only by a group, with everyone else being consumers. This makes conflicts more common, as there is a gap in knowledge about farming by consumers.

How has our relationship with animals changed as the human population has changed?

Daily

How often is manure flushed out of the farrowing barn?

Once a year

How often is manure removed from the finishing barn?

Temple Grandin

Made huge contributions to animal handling - especially known for her role in the improvement and standardization of the humane slaughter of cattle - Wrote Recommended Animal Handling Guidelines and Audit (AKA Humane Handling Audit) - now a professor and animal behaviorist - has a unique understanding of animal behavior which she attributes to her experiences with autism and as a visual thinker

Peta

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals - nonprofit organization devoted to animal rights - some extreme views - have been known to send plants into agricultural jobs in order to get footage - do lots of advocating for animal welfare (but misguided or undereducated in many instances - my personal opinion)

hoop building

Structure for housing pigs - deep bedding can serve as heat source in winter - provides bedding - something not always used in commercial housing - naturally ventilated

raw milk

milk that is not pasteurized - argued to have better flavor and nutrition - higher risk of disease

animal rightists

believe - animals should be used for no other purpose than for the benefit of the animal themselves may believe - don't eat - don't use for research - don't hunt or kill for sport - no vivisection (cutting)

abolitionists

believe in - abolition of animal use in science and research - dissolution of commercial and sport hunting and trapping

animal welfarists

believe in - protection - use with humane ethics - care - use in food and research as long as death is quick and painless

moderationists

believe in limited use of animals where a mutual benefit between animals and humankind is demonstrated

parturition

birth and labor

farrowing

birth in pigs

science

building process whose major focus is to use facts based on experimentation, rather than emotions or personal beliefs, to make decisions

free range

chickens - had access to the outdoors for at least part of the day

cage free

chickens - not raised in caged housing However - not synonymous to free range - no guarantee it had access to the outdoors - no guarantee it was uncrowded

slats

flooring which allows manure to fall through

AI

artificial insemination

organic

as a general term: aimed at being good to the environment and with no or minimal use of pesticides, artificial hormones, etc. as a label in the US: 95% or more of the ingredients are organic

made with organic ingredients

at least 70% organic ingredients

Durac

pig breed on Murray farm

Hampshire

pig breed on Murray farm

York

pig breed on Murray farm

gestation

pregnancy (3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days in pigs)

rBst

recombinant bovine somatotropin - an artificial growth hormone used to increase milk production in dairy cattle

weaning

removal of baby from mother - no more milk (around 4-6 weeks in pigs)

Animal to Human relationship continuum

scale of animal-to-human interaction that places extremes at each end

pasteurization

sterilization of milk in order to make it safer to drink and to improve keeping quality - treated with heat to eliminate pathogens

farrow to finish

when a farm raises pigs from birth all the way to market ready

wean to finish

when a farm raises pigs from wean to market ready

Blackfish

2013 American documentary film directed by Gabriela Cowperthwaite. It concerns Tilikum, an orca held by SeaWorld and the controversy over captive orcas

Cesar Millan

a well-known dog trainer - controversy over training methods can be an example of how facts and emotions can feed into our opinions and decisions - main controversy is that his training involves domination, punishment, and "flooding" - his training has proven successful in some cases and has been argued against by animal behaviorists and experts in other cases

animal liberationists

one of the extremes of the animal to human relationship continuum - believe in elimination of all types of animal use - would commit arson, terrorism - believe they are above law because their cause is noble

animal exploiters

one of the extremes of the animal to human relationship continuum believe in or practice - dog fighting - bull fighting - cock fighting - poaching - trapping - using animals for target practice

5 Points of Humane Handling Audit

- effective stunning (want more) - cattle vocalization (want less) - cattle slips and falls (want less) - use of electric prod (want less) - cattle insensibility (want more)

outdoor pen

Gestating sows at Murray's farm are housed where?

European style crates

type of enclosure for pigs during birth and nursing - can convert between less and more space - more expensive than other types - gives best of both worlds between reducing risk for young and allowing more movement of mother when used appropriately

farrowing pens

type of enclosure for pigs during birth and nursing - more open space - looks better to consumers - more risk of "bad mothers" injuring young

farrowing crates

type of enclosure for pigs during birth and nursing - small space - reduces risk of mother injuring babies - minimal space for mother to move

gestation crates

type of enclosure for pigs during pregnancy - reduces risk of fights - individualized care - less space Illegal in 9+ states and in Australia