AH PrepU Final Questions
A client who has been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests negative. Which explanation by the nurse would be most appropriate? "Congratulations, a negative result means that you're not infected with the virus." "You're one of the lucky ones who are immune to the virus." "You might still go on to develop AIDS even with negative results." "Your body may not have developed antibodies yet, so we need to follow up."
"Your body may not have developed antibodies yet, so we need to follow up."
You are caring for a client diagnosed with HIV. The client wants to know when they will be started on medication for their disease. What would be the nurse's best response? -If the client has a CD4 T-cell count less than 350 cells/mm3. -When the client is coinfected with hepatitis C. -If the client is diagnosed with HIV-associated liver disease. -After the client has been cured of Kaposi's sarcoma.
-If the client has a CD4 T-cell count less than 350 cells/mm3.
The nurse is preparing to initiate fluid resuscitation for a patient weighing 130 pounds (59 kg) who suffered a 58% total body surface area (TBSA) thermal burn. The health care provider ordered: 2 mL lactated Ringer's (LR) × patient's weight in kilograms × %TBSA to be administered over 24 hours. The nurse will administer ________________________ mL of fluid over the first 8 hours post-burn injury?
3422
A patient develops gastrointestinal bleeding from a gastric ulcer and requires blood transfusions. The patient states to the nurse, "I am not going to have a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS." What is the best response by the nurse? "I understand what you mean, you can never be sure if the blood is tainted." "I understand your concern. The blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV." "If you don't have the blood transfusions, you may not make it through this episode of bleeding." "No one has gotten HIV from blood in a long time. You have to have the transfusion."
"I understand your concern. The blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV."
In an industrial accident, a client who weighs 155 lb (70 kg) sustained full-thickness burns over 40% of his body. He's in the burn unit receiving fluid resuscitation. Which finding shows that the fluid resuscitation is benefiting the client? A urine output consistently above 40 ml/hour A weight gain of 4 lb (2 kg) in 24 hours Body temperature readings all within normal limits An electrocardiogram (ECG) showing no arrhythmias
A urine output consistently above 40 ml/hour
The nurse is caring for a client with acute glomerular inflammation. When assessing for the characteristic signs and symptoms of this health problem, the nurse should include which assessments? Select all that apply. Percuss for pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. Assess for the presence of peripheral edema. Auscultate the client's apical heart rate for dysrhythmias. Assess the client's BP. Assess the client's orientation and judgment.
Assess for the presence of peripheral edema. Assess the client's BP.
A client with a history of chronic renal failure receives hemodialysis treatments three times per week through an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan? Keep the AV fistula site dry. Keep the AV fistula wrapped in gauze. Take the client's blood pressure in the left arm. Assess the AV fistula for a bruit and thrill.
Assess the AV fistula for a bruit and thrill.
Which type of graft utilizes the client's own skin for wound coverage? Heterograft Allograft Autograft Slit graft
Autograft
The nurse is monitoring for fluid and electrolyte changes in the emergent phase of burn injury for a patient. Which of the following will be an expected outcome? Select all that apply. Base-bicarbonate deficit Elevated hematocrit level Potassium deficit Sodium deficit Magnesium deficit
Base-bicarbonate deficit Elevated hematocrit level Sodium deficit
A client with AIDS comes to the clinic reporting difficulty swallowing. He says, "It hurts so much when I swallow." Inspection reveals creamy white patches in the client's mouth. Which of the following would the nurse suspect? Candidiasis Wasting syndrome Cryptococcus neoformans Clostridium difficile diarrhea
Candidiasis
Which of the following is a common complication of an electrical burn injury? Localized edema Absent bowel sounds Loss of mobility Cardiac dysrhythmias
Cardiac dysrhythmias
The nurse is educating a client who is required to restrict potassium intake. What foods would the nurse suggest the client eliminate that are rich in potassium? Butter Citrus fruits Cooked white rice Salad oils
Citrus fruits
What quick assessment technique should the nurse use to assess the percentage of burn injury? Observe the color of the client's wound Check the client's vital signs Compare the client's palm with the size of the burn wound Observe the client's level of consciousness
Compare the client's palm with the size of the burn wound
A nurse works in an employee health department of a hospital. She was asked to treat a staff nurse who was exposed to blood from a patient with an HIV infection. The nurse practitioner instituted a PEP protocol that includes which of the following actions? Select all that apply. -Start prophylaxis medications between 3 to 6 hours after exposure. -Continue HIV medications for 4 weeks postexposure. -Practice safe sex for 2 weeks (time for HIV medications to reach a satisfactory blood level). -Initiate postexposure testing after 4 weeks. -Finish postexposure testing at 6 months.
Continue HIV medications for 4 weeks postexposure. Initiate postexposure testing after 4 weeks. Finish postexposure testing at 6 months.
As part of HAART therapy, a client is prescribed a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Which of the following would be an example of a drug from this class? Select all that apply. Abacavir Delavirdine Amprenavir Efavirenz Stavudine
Delavirdine Efavirenz
The client with chronic renal failure is exhibiting signs of anemia. Which is the best nursing rationale for this symptom? Azotemia Diminished erythropoietin production Impaired immunologic response Electrolyte imbalances
Diminished erythropoietin production
Compliance to a renal diet is a difficult lifestyle change for a patient on hemodialysis. The nurse should reinforce nutritional information. Which of the following teaching points should be included? Select all that apply. Limit protein to 1.6 g/kg/day. Eat foods such as milk, fish, and eggs. Restrict sodium to 2,000 to 3,000 mg daily. Increase potassium to prevent cardiac problems. Restrict fluid to daily urinary output plus 500 to 800 mL.
Eat foods such as milk, fish, and eggs. Restrict sodium to 2,000 to 3,000 mg daily. Restrict fluid to daily urinary output plus 500 to 800 mL.
A public health nurse is preparing an educational campaign to address a recent local increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The nurse should prioritize what intervention? Lifestyle actions that improve immune function Educational programs that focus on control and prevention Appropriate use of standard precautions Screening programs for youth and young adults
Educational programs that focus on control and prevention
A client is being treated for AKI and the client daily weights have been ordered. The nurse notes a weight gain of 3 pounds (1.4 kg) over the past 48 hours. What nursing diagnosis is suggested by this assessment finding? Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements Excess Fluid Volume Sedentary Lifestyle Adult Failure toThrive
Excess Fluid Volume
Since the emergence of HIV/AIDS, there have been significant changes in epidemiologic trends. Members of what group currently have the greatest risk of contracting HIV? Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men Recreational drug users Blood transfusion recipients Health care providers
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
A clinic nurse is caring for a client admitted with AIDS. The nurse has assessed that the client is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of what complication? HIV encephalopathy B-cell lymphoma Kaposi's sarcoma Wasting syndrome
HIV encephalopathy
In a client who has been burned, which medication should the nurse expect to use to prevent infection? Lindane (Kwell) Diazepam (Valium) Mafenide (Sulfamylon) Meperidine (Demerol)
Mafenide (Sulfamylon)
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the purposes of skin grafts? Increases evaporative fluid loss. Increases potential for infection. Reduces scarring and contractures. Prolongs recovery
Reduces scarring and contractures.
A nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Impaired physical mobility for a client with full-thickness burns on the lower portions of both legs. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement, the nurse should add which "related-to" phrase? Related to fat emboli Related to infection Related to femoral artery occlusion Related to circumferential eschar
Related to circumferential eschar
The nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis three times weekly. The client has had surgery to form an arteriovenous fistula. What is most important for the nurse to be aware of when providing care for this client? Using a stethoscope for auscultating the fistula is contraindicated. The client feels best immediately after the dialysis treatment. Taking a BP reading on the affected arm can damage the fistula. The client should not feel pain during initiation of dialysis.
Taking a BP reading on the affected arm can damage the fistula.
A nurse on the renal unit is caring for a client who will soon begin peritoneal dialysis. The family of the client asks for education about the peritoneal dialysis catheter that has been placed in the client's peritoneum. The nurse explains the three sections of the catheter and talks about the two cuffs on the dialysis catheter. What would the nurse explain about the cuffs? Select all that apply. The cuffs are made of Dacron polyester. The cuffs stabilize the catheter. The cuffs prevent the dialysate from leaking. The cuffs provide a barrier against microorganisms. The cuffs absorb dialysate
The cuffs are made of Dacron polyester. The cuffs stabilize the catheter. The cuffs prevent the dialysate from leaking. The cuffs provide a barrier against microorganisms.
A nurse is developing a care plan for a client recovering from a serious thermal burn. After maintaining respirations, the nurse knows that the most important immediate goal of therapy is: planning for the client's rehabilitation and discharge. providing emotional support to the client and family. maintaining the client's fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. preserving full range of motion in all affected joints.
maintaining the client's fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Which tests tell the physician what the viral load is in a client with HIV/AIDS? Select all that apply. T4/T8 ratio polymerase chain reaction Western blot p24 antigen test ELISA test
polymerase chain reaction p24 antigen test
A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. The nurse anticipates administering: sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) Sorbitol IV dextrose 50% Calcium supplements
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
A nurse receives her client care assignment. Following the report, she should give priority assessment to the client: with pinkish mucus discharge in the appliance bag 2 days after an ileal conduit. who has a sodium level of 135 mEq/L and a potassium level of 3.7 mEq/L 7 days after a kidney transplant. who, following a kidney transplant, has returned from hemodialysis with a sodium level of 110 mEq/L and a potassium level of 2.0 mEq/L. who is experiencing mild pain from urolithiasis.
who, following a kidney transplant, has returned from hemodialysis with a sodium level of 110 mEq/L and a potassium level of 2.0 mEq/L.
A client's renal failure has become chronic. Which signs and symptoms are associated with chronic renal failure? Select all that apply. lethargy muscle cramps bleeding of the oral mucous membranes enhanced cognition
lethargy muscle cramps bleeding of the oral mucous membranes
During hemodialysis, toxins and wastes in the blood are removed by which of the following? Diffusion Osmosis Ultrafiltration Filtration
Diffusion
What are the expected findings in the fluid remobilization phase (acute phase, diuresis) that the nurse should monitor for? Select all that apply. Hemodilution Increased urinary output Metabolic alkalosis Sodium deficit Hypoglycemia
Hemodilution Increased urinary output Sodium deficit
When preparing a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for discharge to home, the nurse should be sure to include which instruction? "Put on disposable gloves before bathing." "Sterilize all plates and utensils in boiling water." "Avoid sharing such articles as toothbrushes and razors." "Avoid eating foods from serving dishes shared by other family members."
"Avoid sharing such articles as toothbrushes and razors."
The nurse is caring for a patient that has developed oliguria. Oliguria is defined as urine output less than ___________mL/kg/hr.
0.5
The palm represents which percentage of a person's TBSA? 1% 5% 10% 15%
1%
A nurse knows to assess a patient with a burn injury for gastrointestinal complications. Which of the following is a sign that indicates the presence of a paralytic ileus? Hyperactive bowel sounds Decreased peristalsis Fecal occult blood Hematemesis
Decreased peristalsis
Skin grafts are necessary for which of the following burns? Superficial Superficial partial thickness Full-thickness First degree
Full-thickness
Based on the pathophysiologic changes that occur as renal failure progresses, the nurse identifies the following indicators associated with the disease. Select all that apply. Hyperkalemia Metabolic alkalosis Anemia Hyperalbuminemia Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia Anemia Hypocalcemia
A client is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which symptom would the nurse most likely assess? Hypertension Flank pain Fever Periorbital edema
Hypertension
Which of the following types of shock will a nurse observe in a client with extensive burns? Anaphylactic shock Neurogenic shock Septic shock Hypovolemic shock
Hypovolemic shock
Which of the following would the nurse expect to find when reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with renal failure? Increased serum creatinine level Decreased serum potassium level Increased red blood cell count Increased serum calcium level
Increased serum creatinine level
When planning care for a client with burns on the upper torso, which nursing diagnosis should take the highest priority? Ineffective airway clearance related to edema of the respiratory passages Impaired physical mobility related to the disease process Disturbed sleep pattern related to facility environment Risk for infection related to breaks in the skin
Ineffective airway clearance related to edema of the respiratory passages
A nurse is completing a nutritional status of a client who has been admitted with AIDS-related complications. What components should the nurse include in this assessment? Select all that apply. Serum albumin level Weight history White blood cell count Body mass index Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
Serum albumin level Weight history Body mass index Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
Based on her knowledge of the primary cause of end-stage renal disease, the nurse knows to assess the most important indicator. What is that indicator? Blood pressure Urine protein Serum glucose pH and HCO3
Serum glucose
A 16-year-old has come to the clinic and asks to talk to a nurse. The teen states that she has become sexually active and is concerned about getting HIV. The teen asks the nurse what she can do to keep from getting HIV. What would be the nurse's best response? "There's no way to be sure you won't get HIV except to use condoms correctly." "Only the correct use of a female condom protects against the transmission of HIV." "There are new ways of protecting yourself from HIV that are being discovered every day." "Other than abstinence, only the consistent and correct use of condoms is effective in preventing HIV."
"Other than abstinence, only the consistent and correct use of condoms is effective in preventing HIV."
A nurse is teaching a client about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should tell the client the dwell time is: 10 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes
20 minutes
A nurse is working with a client who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. This client will be considered to have AIDS when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold? 75 cells/mm3 of blood 200 cells/mm3 of blood 325 cells/mm3 of blood 450 cells/mm3 of blood
200 cells/mm3 of blood
A client is brought to the ED by paramedics, who report that the client has partial-thickness burns on the chest and legs. The client has also suffered smoke inhalation. What is the priority in the care of a client who has been burned and suffered smoke inhalation? Pain Fluid balance Anxiety and fear Airway management
Airway management
Which of the following is the effect of protein catabolism in a client with severe burns? It compromises wound healing and immunocompetence. It compromises dexterity and mobility. It maximizes the risk of sodium retention and hypotension. It maximizes the risk of impaired ventilation.
It compromises wound healing and immunocompetence.
During a routine checkup, a nurse assesses a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms of cancer. What is the most common AIDS-related cancer? Squamous cell carcinoma Multiple myeloma Leukemia Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma
A client has partial-thickness burns on both lower extremities and portions of the trunk. Which IV fluid does the nurse plan to administer first? Albumin Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) Lactated Ringer's solution Normal saline solution with 20 mEq of potassium per 1,000 ml
Lactated Ringer's solution
A client, aged 75, is diagnosed with a renal disease and administered nephrotoxic drugs in normal doses. The nurse is aware that it is important to observe the client closely for any changes in renal status. Which of the following measures may help a nurse determine a change in renal status? Observing the client's fluid intake. Checking for a thrill or a bruit daily. Observing the client's urinary output. Observing the skin color and nail beds.
Observing the client's urinary output.
A patient with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10 to 12 loose stools a day. What medication may help this patient with controlling the chronic diarrhea? Octreotide (Sandostatin) Rifaximin (Xifaxan) Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol) Atropine diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
Octreotide (Sandostatin)
A nursing student assists a registered nurse to admit a client with a primary immunodeficiency. The nurse explains to the student that primary immunodeficiencies predispose people to three conditions. Which of the following three are those conditions? Severe infections Autoimmunity Cancer Malnutrition Phagocytic dysfunction
Severe infections Autoimmunity Cancer
A new nursing graduate is working at the hospital in the medical-surgical unit. The preceptor observes the nurse emptying a patient's wound drain without gloves on. What important information should the preceptor share with the new graduate about standard precautions? Standard precautions should be used with all patients to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Standard precautions should only be used with patients who are HIV positive to reduce the risk of transmission of the HIV virus. It is only necessary to use gloves when you are emptying reservoirs that have body fluids in them. If you are careful and do not expose yourself to blood or body fluids, it is not necessary to use gloves all of the time.
Standard precautions should be used with all patients to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
A 15-year-old is admitted to the renal unit with a diagnosis of postinfectious glomerular disease. The nurse should recognize that this form of kidney disease may have been precipitated by what event? Psychosocial stress Hypersensitivity to an immunization Menarche Streptococcal infection
Streptococcal infection
Which type of burn is similar to a sunburn? Superficial partial-thickness Electrical Deep partial-thickness Full-thickness
Superficial partial-thickness
A nurse is assessing a client with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the client, which of the following observations takes immediate priority? Oral temperature of 37.2°C (99°F) Tachypnea and restlessness Frequent loose stools Weight loss of 0.45 kg (1 lb) since yesterday
Tachypnea and restlessness
The nurse is teaching the client with HIV about therapy. Which elements are essential for the nurse to include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. The CD4 count is the major indicator of immune function and guides therapy. Antiretroviral therapy targets different stages of the HIV life cycle. The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to prevent opportunistic infections. Medication therapy is rarely effective. Clients rarely respond to medication therapy.
The CD4 count is the major indicator of immune function and guides therapy. Antiretroviral therapy targets different stages of the HIV life cycle.
