AICE Psychology- Piliavin Study

The percentage of drunk victims helped in the no model conditions was ___ than the percentage helped in model conditions

Higher

A person who helps

A good samaritan

The purpose of a study or research?

Aim

Modeling help after 70 seconds was ___ likely to receive help than modeling help after 150 seconds.

More

The section of track used in the Piliavin study contained ___ stops and lasted ___ minutes.

0 stops, 7.5 minutes

Trials were run between the hours of ____ and ____.

11AM, and 3 PM

There were ____ modeling conditions.

4

Each car contained an average of _____ participants.

43

Which of the following best describes the sample in the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study? 65 participants; 45% white, 55% black 4450 participants; 55% white, 45% black 65 participants; 55% white, 45% black 4450 participants: 45% white, 55% black

4450 participants; 55% white, 45% black

Approximately ____ after the train left, the victim would ______.

70 seconds, fake a collapse

*Spontaneous passenger help was given ____% of the time and ____% of that time by more than one person.

78%; 60%

Someone who is playing a role in an experiment/study/research event

Confederate/stooge

People weigh the advantages and disadvantages of helping. For example, if the risk is too high, people are less likely to help

Cost- benefit model

Possible features of the experiment may cause participants to act a certain way or change their natural behavior. This reduces the validity of the study.

Demand Characteristics

The idea that when more people are present, the less likely each individual is to help. Responsibility to help is shared among each person present at an event.

Diffusion of responsibility

Piliavin et al. (subway Samaritans) concluded that their results did not support the 'diffusion of responsibility' hypothesis. Explain this conclusion using evidence from the study [6]

Diffusion of responsibility states that people are less likely to help when there are more people present; because the responsibility is shared between individuals (each person feels less need to help).The results, however, showed that people (generally) helped very quickly, even though there were other people present on the subway car.In bigger groups, the latency (rate of help) was shorter which is the opposition of the prediction/hypo. For example, groups of 7 were faster to help than groups. The model was rarely needed to step in because people helped so quickly.About 80% of victims were helped by more than one person

Which of the following was an independent variable of the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study?effect of time of day effect of modeling effect of train size

Effect of modeling

The type of help given to the victim was a dependent variable in the study

False

The majority of trial runs required the model stooge to help before the participants helped spontaneously

False, In 93% (96/103) trials, spontaneous help was given without the use of the model.

The research design used in Piliavin's was the repeated measure design.

False, it is independent groups

Which is true of the no model condition in terms of percentage helped? All white and black victims were helped equally fewer black drunk were helped fewer black ill and drunk were helped fewer white ill were helped

Fewer black drunk were helped

An investigation that looks for a cause and effect relationship between IV and DV in a natural setting (normal environment for specific behavior)

Field experiment

This study provided ____ evidence for the theory of diffusion of responsibility.

No

Which of the following was an independent variable of the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study? number of bystanders number of victims number of modelers number of rewards

Number of bystanders

Technique for getting participants to be in an experiment / study based on being available / around at the time

Opportunity Sample

The time taken for a passenger to help was a dependent variable in the study?

True

Which of the following was an independent variable in the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study? gender of victim race of victim wardrobe of victim size of victim

Race of the victim

Piliavin hypothesized that group size will not matter if you can ___ the victim

See

The aim of Piliavin study was to test the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis. Outline this hypothesis in your own words.

Someone is less likely to help in an emergency where others are present and also able to help. The feeling of "responsibility" is shared or diffused.

Piliavin carried out a field experiment. Identify one strength and one weakness of this research method.

Strength: High ecological validity - participants will likely behave in a natural or authentic way (especially in an emergency situation) - use of experimental design means IV can be manipulated and show clear cause and effect with DV Weakness: low control over extraneous variables. -ethical issues if participants did not know they were part of a study (deception, informed consent, lack of debriefing)

Which of the following is NOT a way the role of victim was standardized

The victim always said the same thing

All of the female stooges were observers

True

Each of the 4 teams was made up of 4 confederates

True

Piliavin et al hypothesized that modeling would increase help.

True

Which of the following was an independent variable of the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study? victim's responsibility victim's occupation victim's age

Victims responsibility

A sample technique that gets participants to be in an experiment / study by inviting them to participate via email or advertisements etc. AKA self - selecting.

Volunteer sample

What role did the female experimenters play in the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study?

both were recorders

Victim's race was operationalized as ____ or _____.

black, white

Which of the following was a qualitative measure of the dependent variable in Piliavin?

comments from passengers

Which is not true of the results in terms of race of victim? ill condition: whites and black helped equally drunk condition: slight same-race effect drunk condition: white more likely to receive help drunk condition: white and black helped equally

drunk condition: white and black helped equally

An aim of the study was to study whether ______ behavior was affected by ____ different variables.

helping, 4

Victim's responsibility was operationalized as _____ or _____.

ill (carrying a cane); drunk (carrying a bottle);

What role did the male experimenters take in the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study?

one was the victim and one was the model helper

What was a dependent variable in the Piliavin (subway Samaritans) study? total trials in which a person helped total number of passengers who helped type of help given

total number of passengers who helped