AIS Chap 1,2,3,4,15
implementation phase
...
Gantt chart
A graphical representation of the project schedule that maps the task to a project calendar
generalization relationship
A special purpose UML symbol that supports grouping of things taht share a common characteristic; it reduces redundancy because the shared characteristics need only be modeled once
AIS
A system that records,processes, and reports on transactions to provide financial and non-financial information to make decisions and have appropriate levels of internal controls for those transactions.
pages
Access pages allow data to be entered into the database in real time from outside of the database system
human resource management
Activities that include recruiting, hiring, training and compensating employees
message flows
BPMN represents exchanges between two participants (pools) in the same process as message flows, which are modeled as dashed arrows
swimlanes
BPMN symbols that provide subdivisions of pools to show, for example, functional responsibilities within an organization
sequence flows
BPMN symbols that show the normal sequence of activities in a business process. Sequence flows are modeled as solid arrows with the arrow head showing the direction process flow
pools
BPMN symbols used to identify participants, actors, or persons that perform activities and interact with other participants in a process
attributes (chap 4)
Characteristics,properties, or adjectives that describe each class
business value
Items,events, and interactions that determine the financial health and well-being of the firm.
query
Query in Access is a tool used to retrieve and display data derived from the records stored within the database
cardinalities
See multiplicities
gateways
Show process branching and merging as the result of decisions. Basic gateways are depicted as diamonds. Usually, gateways appear as pairs on the diagram. the first gateway shows the branching and the second gateway shows merging of the process branches
customer relationship management
Software used to manage and nurture a firm's interactions with its current and potential clients.
module
Some Microsoft applications come with modules built in that will automatically be added onto access
technology
Supports value-creating activities in the value change. These technologies also include research and development to develop new products or determine ways to produce products at a cheaper price
critical path
The longest path and the minimum amount of time required to complete the project is known as the:
informate-down
The use of computer technology to provide information about business activities to employees across the firm
automate
The use of technology to replace human labor in automating business processes.
association
UML symbol that depicts the relationship between two classes; it is modeled as a solid time that connects two classes in a model
multiplicities
UML symbols that describe the minimum and maximum number of times an instance of one class can be associated with instances of another class for a specific association between those two classes; they indicate whether the two classes are part of one-to-one, one to many, or many to many relationships
enterprise systems
a centralized database that collects data from throughout the firm
value chain
a chain of critical business processes at a company that creates value
SQL
a computer language designed to retrieve data from a relational database
database management system
a computer program that creates, modifies and queries the database. Specifically, the DBMS is designed to manage a database's storage and retreival information
structure model
a conceptual depiction of a database, such as a UML class model or an entity relationship model
Business process
a defined sequence of business activities that use resources to transform specific inputs into specific outputs to achieve a business goal
SARBANEs
a federal law in the United States that set new and enhanced standards for all U.S. public companies, management, and public accounting firms
network data model
a flexible model representing objects and their relationship; allows each record to have multiple parent and child records or M:N mapping, also know as many to many relationships
data models
a graphic representation of the conceptual contents of databases; data models support communication about databases contents between users and designers of the database
100% rule
a rule requiring 100 planning of all task
database
a shared collection of logically related data for various uses
business model
a simple, abstract representation of one or more business processes. A business model is typically a graphical depiction of the essential business process information
aggregation relationship
a special purpose UML notation representing the relationship between two classes that are often considered together, such as when a sport league is made up of a collection of teams
composition relationship
a special-purpose UML notation representing the relationship between two classes that are often considered together, similar to aggregation relationships, except in composition relationship, one class cannot exist without the other, such as a book and the chapters that compose the book
business process modeling notation(BPMN)
a standard for the description of activity models
firm infrastructure
accounting, finance, legal, and general administration activities that allow an organization to function
inbound logistics
activities associated with receiving and storing raw materials and other partially completed materials and distributing those materials to manufacturing when and where they are needed
procurement
activities involve purchasing inputs such as raw materials, supplies, and equipment
marketing and sales activities
activities that identify the needs and wants of their customers to help attract them to the firm's products and buy them
service activities
activities that provide the support of customers after the products and services sold to them(warranty)
operations
activities that transform inputs into finished goods and services
outbound logistics
activities that warehouse and distribute finished goods and services
primary key
an attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies an instance of a class in a data model or a specific row in a table
documentation
an information transmission and communicating tool that explains how business processes and business systems work
data flow diagrams(DFD)
another type of activity model that graphically shows the flow of data through a system and also incorporates elements of structure models
class
any separate identifiable collection of things(objects) about which the organization wants to collect and store information. classes can represent organization resources (trucks, machines,buildings), persons(customers, employees), events(sales, purchases), and conceptional structures( accounts, products). Classes are typically implemented as tables in a relational database, where individuals instances of the class are represented as rows in the table
foreign key
attribute that allows database tables to be linked together; foreign keys are primary keys of other tables placed in the current table to support the link between the two tables
enterprise system
commercialized information system that integrates and automates business processes across a firms value chain located within and across organizations
attributes
data elements that describe instances in a class very much like fields in a database table
information
data organized in a meaningful way to the user
data dictionary
describes the data fields in each database record such as field description, field length, field type
design phase
establishes descriptions of the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation
form
forms are utilized by users to enter data into tables and existing records
15-15
if 15 percent over budget or 15 percent over schedule, scrap it
events
important occurrences that affect the flow of activities in a business process. BPMN includes symbols to define start, intermediate and end events
activities
in business process modelling, activities that represent specific steps in a business process
relevance
information that is capable of making a difference in a desicion
reliability
information that is free from bias and error
discretionary information
information that is generated according to one's own judgement
mandatory information
information that is required to be generated or provided by law or regulation
cloud computing
internet based computing where shared resources, software, and information are provided to firms on demand
macro
macros are defined by access users to automate processes such as opening a specific form
annotations
model elements that allow the modeler to add additional descriptive information to the model. Annotations are modeled with text inside a bracket connected to other model symptoms with a dashed line
constraints
optional or mandatory guidance about how a process should perform in certain situations
hierarchical data model
organizes data into a tree like structure that allows repeating information using defined parent/child relationships
system analyst
person responsible for both determining the information needs of the business and designing a system to meet those needs
data
raw facts or statistics that, absent a context, may have little meaning
report
reports in access are used to integrate data from one or more queries and tables to provide useful information to decision makers
process maps
simplified flowcharts that use a basic set of symbols to represent a business process activity
supply chain management software
software that connects the local firms with its suppliers. It generally addresses segments of the supply chain, including manufacturing, inventory control, and transportation
relational data model
sote information in the form of related two-dimensional tables
class diagram
structure models prepared using UML notations
business rule
succinct statements of constraints on business processes; they provide the logic that guides the behavior of the business in specific situations
relationship
the business purpose for the association between tow classes or two database tables
referential integrity rule
the data calue for a foreign key must either be null or match one of the data values that already exists in the corresponding table
information overload
the difficulty a person faces in understanding a problem and making a decision as a consequence of too much information
supply chain
the flow of materials, information, payments, and other services from raw materials suppliers, through factories and warehouses, all the way to the final customers of the firm's products
information value chain
the overall transformation from a business need and business event to the collection of data and information to an ultimate decision
enteties
the people, things, and events in the domain of interest; in UML notation, entities are modeled as classes
database administrator
the person responsible for the design, implementation repair, and security of a firm's database
analysis phase
the phase of the SDLC involves a complete, detailed analysis of the systems needs of the end user as well as a proposed solution
entity integrity rule
the primary key of a table must have data values
business analysis
the process of defining business process requirements and evaluating potential improvements. Business analysis involves ascertaining, documenting, and communicating information about current and future business processes using business process modeling and related tools
transform
the use of computer technology to fundamentally redefine business processes and relationships
informate-up
the use of computer technology to provide information about business activities to senior management
flowcharts
visualization of a process activity, they are activity models much like models using BPMN
