All the EMT questions Exam 1

obstructive

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

diamond carry

A patient on a backboard or stretcher can be lifted and carried by four providers in a

nonrebreather mask (NBR)

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

location and intensity

In general, which of the following does a prefix describe?

lips or oral mucosa

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:

posterior

In relation to the chest, the back is:

shock

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________.

LOC and skin color

Indicators of respiration

true

Infants younger than 6 months are particularly prone to nasal congestion.

diastolic

Pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest is called what blood pressure

trade name

Tylenol is an example of what?

Prevention

Public health examines the health needs of entire populations. In the United States, public health focuses on education and what else?

cardiogenic shock

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:

base station

Radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that are located in a fixed place is known as what?

False - PREVENTION

The focus of public health arm of health care is EDUCATION

25

The head accounts for ___% of a neonate's body weight.

19-25

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

primary service area

The main area in which the EMS agency operates

FALSE - health care

The manner in which principles of ethics are incorporated into PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT is known as bioethics.

peri- and circum-

The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes?

cover

The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection that law enforcement agents use is called what?

the removal of fluid from around the heart.

The term "pericardiocentesis" means:

true

The younger the person, the faster the pulse rate and respirations.

draw sheet method

To avoid the strain of unnecessary lifting and carrying, which of the following should you use when moving a patient from the ground onto a stretcher?

distributive

What kind of shock occurs when widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

employee assistance program (EAP)

What program, often available for EMS personnel, involves contracted agencies that provide a wide array of mental health, substance abuse, crisis management, and counseling services?

300 mm Hg

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

become smaller

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:

increased weight

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

rapid extrication technique

Which of the following is an example of an urgent move?

Cervical spine immobilization

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

refusal of care

Which of the following is included in the narrative section in a PCR?

long backboard

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury?

decompression of the injured side of the chest

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax?

Certification

Which of the following is the process in which a person, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care?

-al and -ic

Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"?

spleen

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Department of Transportation

Which organization developed and published the first curriculum that served as the guideline for EMT training?

compensated shock

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________.

sympathetic

Your patient's initial pulse rate was 89 beats/min and now it is 116 beats/min. What part of the nervous system is responsible for this increase?

self esteem

________ describes how we feel about ourselves and how we fit in with our peers.

Stridor

________ is a harsh, high-pitched breath sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway.

distributive

________ shock results from poor vessel function.

Tidal volume

__________ is a measure of the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs in one breathe

Respiration

__________ is the process of gas exchange

OPQRST

__________ is used for asking questions about pain.

hypovolumic

__________ shock is characterized by rapid, weak pulse; low blood pressure; a change in mental status; cyanosis; cool, clammy skin; and an increased respiratory rate.

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

___________ are an irregular respiratory pattern in which the patient breathes with an increasing rate and depth of respirations, followed by a period of apnea, followed again by a pattern of increasing rate and depth of respiration.

Mobile integrated healthcare

an integrated team of health care professionals delivers health care services and connects patients with other resources

credentialing

is an established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession, or to function as an organization.

licensure

is the process by which a competent authority, usually the state, grants permission to practice a job, trade, or profession.

hypothermia

potentially severe complication of neurogenic shock

mouth-to-mask with one-way valve

preferred method of ventilation

community paramedicine

providers receive advances training including health evaluations and administering immunizations

NREMT

provides a national standard for EMS testing

backboard

the patient is unconscious and must be moved down a flight of stairs

indication

the therapeutic uses for a specific medication. In this case, the Xanax is being used to treat anxiety.

1:3

!nhalation and exhalation times occur in a _____ ratio; the active inhalation phase lasts one-third the amount of time of the passive exhalation phase.

cartilage

"Chondro" in the word chondritis means

90-140

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:

excessively thirtsy

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she is:

stridor

A high pitched crowing sound in the upper airway may indicate a mild airway obstruction from a foreign body.

carbon monoxide poisoning

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

impedance threshold device (ITD)

A(n) ________ is designed to limit the air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, resulting in negative intrathoracic pressure.

True

ASL-level instructors and directors must hold a four-year degree

Adsoption

Activated charcoal works via ________.

enteral

Administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines (i.e., the gastrointestinal tract). Methods of administration include oral, sublingual (dissolving the drug under the tongue), and rectal.

report the incident after the call

After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should

False - secondary

Development of airbags in vehicles is an example of PRIMARY prevention

dependent lividity

An obvious sign of death caused by discoloration of the body from pooling of the blood to the lower parts of the body is called what?

medical director approval

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:

mark off danger zone

At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:

EMT

At what level is an individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications.

history taking

At what point in the patient assessment process do you investigate the chief complaint?

gallbladder

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

inferior vena cava

Blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities passes through the

False - civil

CRIMINAL lawsuits for battery are common in health care

nervous

Changes in which of the following body systems can result in the most debilitating of age-related illnesses?

knowledge based error

Choosing the wrong medication to administer is a

assessment by the EMT

Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

slander

Defamation that is spoken

True

Dorsal and posterior are synonyms for spinal side of the body.

lower airway obstruction

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:

facilitation

Encouraging this patient to provide more information about his injury is an example of which therapeutic communication technique?

True

Evaluation and continuous quality improvement are factors in writing a PCR.

True

Evidence-based research is the primary means of determining if changes need to be made in patient care

alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery/exhaustion

General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases

when performing endotracheal intubation.

Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:

plasma

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

true

Immunity laws, which vary from state to state, do not provide immunity when injury or damage is caused by gross negligence or willful misconduct.

two person

In a ________ carry, one provider must walk backward.

tachycardia

In an adult patient, a pulse rate that is greater than 100 beats/min is described as

provide consistent care

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________.

parenteral

Non-oral drug administration. generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. The common routes are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV).

Duty to act

Once your ambulance is dispatched to an emergency, you have an obligation to respond. What is this called?

phone or radio contact

Online medical control requires __________.

100%

Oxygen delivered through a BVM with reservoir is nearly

55%

Oxygen delivered through a mouth-to-mask device is nearly

24-44%

Oxygen delivered through a nasal cannula is

95%

Oxygen delivered through a nonrebreathing mask with reservoir is up to

Moro reflex

Reflex in which a newborn strectches out the arms and legs and cries when a neonate is caught off guard by something or someone

forceful coughing

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

common fire hazards

Smoke, oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, building collapse, equipment, high ambient temperature and explosion

sacrum

The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.

secondary assessment

The __________ should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

orbit

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

apex

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.

Time management

The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called?

fontanelles

The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.

True

The elbow is distal to the shoulder and proximal to the wrist and hand.

IV

The fastest route of administration is ________.

primary assessment

The purpose of _________________ is to identify and begin to treat immediate life threats.

60-90 seconds

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:

normal

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.

Quality control

The responsibility of the medical director to ensure the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMTs on each call is called what?

patient autonomy

The right of a patient to make decisions concerning his or her health is called what?

shrinkage of the brain

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

manually triggered ventilation

Ventilation device that should not be used on patients with COPD or suspected cervical spine or chest injuries

heart, blood vessels, blood

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"?

tidal volume

What do you call the amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath

weakness

What does asthenia mean?

Sitting/semi-sitting

What is generally the best position to place a patient with cardiogenic shock?

Encourage him to call 911

What is the best way to care for your patient once he tells you he does not want to go to the hospital?

cardiac output drops

What is the main problem with positive-pressure ventilation?

hemoptysis

What is the medical term for coughing up blood?

Patient Confidentiality

What is the primary feature of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?

zygoma

What is the proper name for the cheekbone?

alges

What is the root word for pain?

intramuscular

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?

Voice-over-internet-protocol

What type of mode does an interoperable communications system use?

cardiovascular disease

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:

False - fact based findings

When completing a PCR, you should include your OPINIONS about the mechanism of injury and which injuries are most severe.

LOC and ABCs

When conducting a primary assessment, which of the following should you assess?

with one or two hands

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:

15-20 inches

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Which of the following agencies is the source of the EMS Agenda for the Future, the multidisciplinary national review of all aspects of EMS delivery?

gastric distention and increased intrathoracic pressure

Which of the following are effects of hyperventilation?

automatic and somatic

Which of the following are the functional parts of the nervous system?

septic and neurogenic

Which of the following are types of distributive shock?

slow respirations

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?

abnormal spinal curvature

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard?

State

Which of the following entities controls licensure of EMTs?

durable power of attorney

Which of the following gives surrogates the right to make decisions for patients regarding their health care in the event that the patient is incapacitated and unable to make such decisions?

cardiac tomponade

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?

AED

Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers?

Abandonment

While evaluating a noncritical patient in the field, you receive a call from dispatch regarding a serious four-car accident. You inform the patient you are treating to have someone take him to his doctor to get checked out before leaving to attend to the more seriously injured people. This is an example of what?

on her left side

You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her:

patient advocacy

You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________?

DOT emergency response guidebook

You are responding to an accident scene involving an overturned semi truck carrying diesel fuel. Which reference source will be most helpful in this case?

hypovolemic

You are treating a patient who has lost a significant amount of blood. Which type of shock is this patient most likely to experience?

Seal the mouth and nose

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:

expressed consent

You arrive at the scene of a call to find an elderly man complaining of chest pain. You introduce yourself and ask permission to examine him. He nods and extends his arm. Which type of consent is this?

coronal

You arrive at the scene of an accident and observe the patient lying face-up on the ground. As you look at the front side of his body, which plane of the body are you observing?

Ask open-ended questions

You respond to a call and find a 30-year-old man with a gunshot wound to the shoulder. He is conscious and responsive, but a little hostile and agitated. As you begin to treat him, you need to ________.

bradycardia and diminished muscle tone

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she has:

direct

You should use a ______ lift for patients with no suspected spinal injury who are lying supine and need to be carried some distance to be placed on a stretcher.

peripheral vasoconstriction

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________.

pertinent negative

a negative finding that requires no further care or intervention. Next

AAA

abdominal aortic aneurysm

cardiac output

amount of blood moved in 1 minute.

stroke volume

amount of blood moved in one beat.

Filtering

basic duty of the spleen

Carbon monoxide

blocks the ability to transport oxygen to body tissues.

Public safety access point

can be reached by dialing 911

superior vena cava

carries blood returning from the head, neck, shoulders, and upper extremities.

palpable pulse

created by pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

Medical control

hen a patient refuses treatment or transport, you should contact

Medical director

determines appropriate care in a set of written standing orders and protocols

Voluntary Protection Program

developed by OSHA to help companies actively mitigate risk and protect their employees.

red

he root word eryth/o denotes the color

standard of care

how a reasonably prudent person with similar training and experience would act under similar circumstances, with similar equipment, and in the same or similar place.

certification

is the process by which an individual, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to ensure safe and ethical patient care.

cumulative stress reactions

is/are a strong contributor to heart disease, hypertension, cancer, alcoholism, and depression.

decompensated shock

labored breathing, absent peripheral pulses, dilated pupils

informed consent

means that you explained the nature of the treatment being offered, along with the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment, as well as potential consequences of refusing treatment, and the patient has given consent.

capnography

measures a patient's ventilation, circulation, and metabolism.

adduction

motion of a limb toward the midline.

implied consent

occurs when a person is unconscious or otherwise incapable of making a rational, informed decision about care, and unable to give consent, and the law assumes that the patient would consent to care and transport to a medical facility if he or she were able to do so.

involuntary conesnt

occurs when an adult patient who is mentally incompetent is not able to give informed consent. Consent for emergency care should be obtained from someone who is legally responsible for the patient, such as a guardian or conservator.

cardiogenic

signs of _________ shock, including chest pain; anxiety; cool, clammy skin; crackles; and low blood pressure.

rooting reflex

takes place when something touches a neonate's cheek.

blood pressure

the last measureable factor to change in shock

expressed consent

type of consent given when the patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he or she wants you to provide care or transport.

False Imprisonment

unauthorized confinement of a person that lasts for an appreciable period of time.

therapeutic communication

verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship.