AM HISTORY CH 12

Why was the South on the cutting edge of the Market Revolution by 1840?

It produced and exported over two-thirds of the world's cotton supply.

Which of these factors explained the surplus of slaves in the Chesapeake region in the early nineteenth century?

Population growth through natural reproduction

Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837?

President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.

Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of the white population in the mid-nineteenth-century Cotton South?

Tenant farmers and day laborers

The U.S. federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the early to mid-1800s through which of the following?

The Indian Removal Act

Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South?

The cotton revolution

Which of these factors contributed to the development of an increasingly homogenous African American culture in the rural South in the nineteenth century?

The domestic slave trade

Which of these factors prompted many plantation masters to reduce reliance on violence and adopt positive incentives to motivate slaves in the 1830s and 1840s?

Abolitionist scrutiny

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the nineteenth-century South?

About 5 percent of southern whites owned 50 percent of the South's slave population.

Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton industry? Correct!

African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.

Which of these concepts became a central tenet of slave Christianity in the South in the nineteenth century?

All people as children of God

Which of these statements describes the planter aristocrats who lived in the cotton-growing regions of the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system.

Which of the following pairs is properly matched?

Benjamin Banneker—mathematician and surveyor; helped lay out Washington, D.C.

Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the South in the 1850s?

Black evangelical Christianity

Slaves' practice of "taking root" involved which of the following?

Building the best possible lives for themselves as slaves

How did planters attempt to resolve a labor crisis in the cotton South in the early nineteenth century?

By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region

Which of the following were core institutions for African American society in the mid-nineteenth-century South?

Church and family

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions?

DEEP SOUTH

In the cotton-growing regions of the South, which of the following was true of the gang-labor system of work?

Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers.

Which of the following statements characterizes blacks' resistance to slavery by the 1820s?

In their situation, most blacks had no choice but to build the best possible lives for themselves.

Which of the following attributes of American society did the planter aristocracy in the South value highly in the mid-nineteenth century?

Inequality

Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups?

Jews

Which of the following methods was a highly uncommon form of slave resistance in the slave South?

Large-scale uprisings

The Alabama Constitution of 1819 did which of the following?

Made county supervisors and sheriffs elected positions

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the Upper South in the early and mid-1800s?

Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.

Which of these statements most accurately describes the experiences of free blacks in the early nineteenth-century United States?

Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses.

Smallholding planters in the nineteenth-century South owned about how many slaves, on average?

One to five

Why did a labor crisis develop in the Cotton South in the first few decades of the 1800s?

Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the land.

Which of the following statements characterizes African American marriage customs in the slave South?

Slave couples often followed the African custom of "jumping the broom" to signify their union.

The notion of slavery as a "necessary evil" and a "positive good" was supported by which idea?

Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.

Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s?

Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy.

Which of the following statements characterizes the cotton planter class in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas in the mid-nineteenth century?

The goal of the planter class was to make money.

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?

The redistribution of the African American population

Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy?

The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the economies of the North and the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

The wealth of the industrializing Northeast was increasing more quickly than that of the South.

Which of these factors made enslaved African Americans reluctant to attempt to escape to the North?

They hesitated to leave their families and communities behind.

Which of these statements describes Southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century?

They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.

Children born in slave communities in the nineteenth-century South often shared which of these characteristics?

They were named after family members.

Which of the following statements describes the class of propertyless whites living in the South in the mid-nineteenth century?

They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.

What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century?

Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.

Under the task system, slaves were required to

complete a precisely defined job each day.

In the nineteenth-century South, free blacks lived primarily Correct!

in the coastal cities and the Upper South.

The domestic slave trade affected the African American family unit before 1865 by

separating family members through sale and trade.